Pathophysiology Exam Bank
Course
Introduction
Pathophysiology is the study of the functional and physiological changes in the body that result from disease or injury. This course explores foundational concepts in cellular adaptation, inflammation, tissue repair, and the mechanisms underlying various systemic disorders. Emphasis is placed on understanding how normal biological processes are altered in common diseases, integrating knowledge from anatomy, physiology, and molecular biology to explain clinical manifestations. Students will apply these concepts to analyze case studies, develop critical thinking skills, and gain insights essential for clinical practice and further studies in health sciences.
Recommended Textbook
Anatomy Physiology Disease Foundations for the Health Professions 1st Edition by Deborah Roiger
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17 Chapters
1477 Verified Questions
1477 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Basics
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76 Verified Questions
76 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The abdominopelvic cavity can be subdivided into which two cavities?
A) Abdominal and pelvic cavities
B) Cranial and vertebral cavities
C) Pleural and pericardial cavities
D) Thoracic and abdominal pelvic cavities
Answer: A
Q2) Separating the right and left side of the body is achieved by what anatomical plane?
A) Sagittal
B) Transverse
C) Frontal
D) Coronal
Answer: A
Q3) Which of the following terms describes an anatomical plane that separates the body top from bottom?
A) Sagittal
B) Transverse
C) Midsagittal
D) Frontal
Answer: B
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Levels of Organization of the Human Body
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86 Verified Questions
86 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement correctly compares chromatin to chromosomes?
A) Chromatin is loosely arranged DNA in the cell's nucleus while the cell is not dividing while chromosomes are tight compact bundles of DNA present during cell division.
B) Chromatin is tightly packed DNA in the cell's nucleus while the cell is not dividing while chromosomes are also tight compact bundles of DNA present during cell division.
C) Chromatin is loosely arranged DNA in the cell's nucleus while the cell is dividing while chromosomes are tight compact bundles of DNA present while the cell is not dividing.
D) Chromatin is tightly packed DNA in the cell's nucleus while the cell is not dividing while chromosomes are loosely arranged bundles of DNA present during cell division.
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following is a function of epithelial tissue?
A) Movement
B) Communication
C) Structural support
D) Coverage
Answer: D
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4
Chapter 3: Introduction to Pathology
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77 Verified Questions
77 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which category of childhood diseases is characterized by an event that disrupts the normal development of the child?
A) Infectious disease
B) Congenital disorder
C) Genetic disorder
D) Developmental disorder
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following is an example of a sign of disease?
A) Fever
B) Vomiting
C) Headache
D) Nausea
Answer: A
Q3) Which of the following does not happen during inflammation?
A) The damaged tissues produce chemicals called mediators of inflammation.
B) Blood vessels become more permeable.
C) Fluid from the blood leaks out into the surrounding damaged tissue.
D) Blood flow to the area is decreased.
Answer: D
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Page 5
Chapter 4: The Integumentary System
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95 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why is vitamin D production by the skin important to the body?
A) Vitamin D adds strength to the skin, making it hard to penetrate.
B) Vitamin D protects the skin from pathogens.
C) Vitamin D protects the skin from UV light.
D) Vitamin D is necessary for calcium absorption.
Q2) Cellulitis is caused by what type of infection?
A) Bacteria
B) Fungus
C) Virus
D) Cancerous cells
Q3) Which skin condition is characterized by ulcerated tissue caused by the pressure of a bony prominence in the body and another surface?
A) Scleroderma
B) Hives
C) Cancer
D) Decubitus ulcers
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Chapter 5: The Skeletal System
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102 Verified Questions
102 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) All of the following bones are part of the axial skeleton except which one?
A) Bones of the leg
B) Bones of the neck
C) Bones of the head
D) Bones of the trunk
Q2) Which statement best describes a short bone?
A) A bone that looks like a sheet of modeling clay molded over an object
B) A bone that is longer than it is wide and has clubby ends
C) A bone that is not longer than it is wide
D) A bone that looks like a sesame seed
Q3) Starting at the superior end of the spinal column,name the type of vertebrae in order.
A) Cervical, thoracic, lumbar
B) Thoracic, cervical, lumbar
C) Cervical, lumbar, thoracic
D) Cervical vertebrae, thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx
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Chapter 6: The Muscular System
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105 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What does the term extrinsic refer to in regards to muscle?
A) Extrinsic describes a muscle that has an origin and insertion located in the same body region.
B) Extrinsic describes a muscle that has an origin and insertion located in different body regions.
C) Extrinsic describes the attachment of a muscle to the bone or structure that does not move when the muscle contracts.
D) Extrinsic describes the attachment of a muscle to the bone or structure that does move when the muscle contracts.
Q2) What muscle action means to spin on an axis?
A) Rotation
B) Circumduction
C) Supination
D) Pronation
Q3) Which term describes bending a body part anteriorly?
A) Flexion
B) Extension
C) Abduction
D) Adduction
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Page 8
Chapter 7: The Nervous System
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96 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) During resting membrane potential,what is true about the neuron membrane?
A) The membrane is polarized.
B) The outside of the membrane is positive.
C) The inside of the membrane is negative.
D) All of the answer choices are true.
Q2) What part of the axon is called the trigger zone?
A) Terminal arborization
B) Myelin sheath
C) Axon hillock
D) Synaptic knob
Q3) All of the following are functions of the hypothalamus except which one?
A) Temperature regulation
B) Sexual development
C) Autonomic functions
D) All of these are functions of the hypothalamus.
Q4) Which type of neuroglial cell functions to form the blood-brain barrier?
A) Oligodendrocyte
B) Astrocyte
C) Satellite cells
D) Microglia
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Chapter 8: The Nervous System-Senses
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the function of the vestibular apparatus?
A) To perceive taste
B) To perceive touch
C) To perceive equilibrium
D) To perceive sound
Q2) What type of neuron is the olfactory cell?
A) Multipolar
B) Unipolar
C) Bipolar
D) Tripolar
Q3) Which test is used to diagnose hearing loss?
A) Ishihara test
B) Rinne test
C) Snellen test
D) Tonometry
Q4) What kind of receptor are the hair cells on the basilar membrane?
A) Mechanoreceptor
B) Chemoreceptor
C) Nociceptor
D) Photoreceptor
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Chapter 9: The Endocrine System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a symptom of Cushing's syndrome?
A) Drooping eyelids
B) Collection of fat on the lower neck and shoulders
C) Goiter
D) Accelerated bone growth
Q2) What is the function of the anterior pituitary gland?
A) To produce TSH
B) To produce ACTH
C) To produce FSH
D) The anterior pituitary produces all of these hormones.
Q3) What is the term used to describe the length of time it takes for one half of a substance to be eliminated from the circulatory system?
A) Excretion
B) Conjugation
C) Half-life
D) Metabolism
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11
Chapter 10: The Cardiovascular System-Blood
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Sample Questions
Q1) What makes hemoglobin a buffer?
A) Hemoglobin transports oxygen from the lungs to the tissues.
B) Hemoglobin binds H<sup>+</sup> ions.
C) Hemoglobin transports carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs.
D) All of these answers are correct.
Q2) All of the following terms mean blood except which one?
A) All of the answer choices are correct.
B) hemat/o
C) hem/o
D) leuk/o
Q3) Which blood type is considered a universal donor because it can be given to anyone?
A) A
B) B
C) O
D) AB
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Chapter 11: The Cardiovascular System - Heart and Vessels
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the pericardium?
A) The cardiac muscle tissue of the heart
B) The tissue that lines the heart's four chambers
C) A fluid-filled, double-walled membrane that surrounds the heart
D) None of these are correct.
Q2) What type of artery carries blood away from the heart?
A) Conducting
B) Distributing
C) Resistance
D) None of these are correct.
Q3) Which range of blood pressure is considered hypertension?
A) 89/50 mmHg
B) 119/79 mmHg
C) 150/99 mmHg
D) 100/70 mmHg
Q4) Which of the following is not a disorder of the cardiac valves?
A) Cardiac tamponade
B) Murmur
C) Prolapse
D) Stenosis
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Chapter 12: The Lymphatic System
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78 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following falls under the second line of defense?
A) Inflammation
B) Mucous membranes
C) Tears
D) Mucus
Q2) What type of T cells directly kill cells infected by viruses and cancer cells in specific immunity?
A) T <sub>Cytotoxic</sub> cells
B) T <sub>Helper</sub> cells
C) T <sub>Memory</sub> cells
D) T <sub>Regulatory</sub> cells
Q3) In cellular immunity,which cells secrete interleukins to attract neutrophils and NK cells to the area,attract and activate macrophages to clean up any debris,and further activate more T cells and B cells?
A) T <sub>Cytotoxic</sub> cells
B) T <sub>Helper</sub> cells
C) T <sub>Memory</sub> cells
D) T <sub>Regulatory</sub> cells
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Chapter 13: The Respiratory System
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80 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements correctly list the partial pressures of nitrogen,oxygen,carbon dioxide and water vapor?
A) P<sub>N2</sub> is 78.6% of 760 or 597 mmHg, P<sub>O2</sub> is 0.04% of 760 or 0.3 mmHg, P<sub>CO2</sub> is 20.9% of 760 or 159 mmHg and the remainder 3.7 mmHg is the partial pressure of water vapor.
B) P<sub>N2</sub> is 78.6% of 760 or 597 mmHg, P<sub>O2</sub> is 20.9% of 760 or 159 mmHg, P<sub>CO2</sub> is 0.04% of 760 or 0.3 mmHg and the remainder 3.7 mmHg is the partial pressure of water vapor.
C) P<sub>N2</sub> is 0.04% of 760 or 0.3 mmHg, P<sub>O2</sub> is 78.6% of 760 or 597 mmHg, P<sub>CO2</sub> is 20.9% of 760 or 159 mmHg and the remainder 3.7 mmHg is the partial pressure of water vapor.
D) Neither answer is correct.
Q2) What is false about surfactant?
A) Surfactant increases the surface tension of water.
B) Surfactant causes water to form a thin sheet instead of a bead.
C) Surfactant reduces the chance the alveoli walls collapsing on each other.
D) All of these statements are false.
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Page 15
Chapter 14: The Digestive System
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90 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the term used for swallowing?
A) Deglutition
B) Mastication
C) Peristalsis
D) None of these are correct.
Q2) The common bile duct runs from what to what?
A) From the common bile duct to the duodenum
B) From the common hepatic duct to the duodenum
C) From the common bile duct to the pancreatic duct
D) None of these are correct.
Q3) What does the combining form cyst/o mean?
A) Sac
B) Cell
C) Colon
D) Gall
Q4) Which effector listed below is found in the reflex arc for defecation?
A) Stretch receptors in the rectal wall
B) Spinal cord
C) The rectal wall
D) Motor neurons in the rectal wall
Page 16
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Chapter 15: The Excretoryurinary System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which excretory system disorder is treated by dialysis or a kidney transplant?
A) Kidney stones
B) Glomerular nephritis
C) Renal failure
D) Cystitis
Q2) Which of the following combining forms refers to a structure within the kidney?
A) ren/o
B) nephr/o
C) cyst/o
D) glomerul/o
Q3) What is micturition?
A) The production of urine
B) The passing of urine
C) The production and passing of urine
D) None of these are correct.
Q4) How is water transported back into the capillaries during reabsorption?
A) Active transport
B) Osmosis
C) Blood pressure
D) Diffusion
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Chapter 16: The Male Reproductive System
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80 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following combining forms refers to the prostate?
A) pen/o
B) vas/o
C) prosta/o
D) prostat/o
Q2) Which male reproductive system disorder is characterized by male infants born with undescended testes?
A) Cryptorchidism
B) Benign prostatic hyperplasia
C) Prostate cancer
D) Hypospadias
Q3) Which of the following represents the correct sequence of the stages of the male sexual response?
A) Arousal - emission - ejaculation - resolution
B) Emission - arousal - ejaculation - resolution
C) Arousal- ejaculation - emission - resolution
D) None of these are correct.
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Chapter 17: The Female Reproductive System
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Sample Questions
Q1) What attaches the lateral edge of the ovary to the posterior wall of the pelvic cavity?
A) Tunica albuginea
B) Follicle
C) Ovarian ligament
D) Suspensory ligament
Q2) During which stage of sexual response does the innermost part of the vagina dilate and the vaginal lining and vestibular glands secrete fluid that lubricates the vestibule and vagina to make intercourse easier?
A) Arousal
B) Plateau
C) Orgasm
D) Resolution
Q3) How many chromosomes are present in primary oocytes?
A) 23
B) 46
C) Haploid
D) None of these are correct.
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