Pathophysiology and Pharmacology
Final Exam Questions
Course Introduction
This course provides an in-depth exploration of the physiological mechanisms underlying human disease processes (pathophysiology) and the principles of pharmacological interventions used to treat these conditions. Students will examine alterations in normal physiological function, clinical manifestations of common diseases, and the rationale for selecting specific drug therapies. The course also covers drug mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, side effects, and drug interactions. Emphasis is placed on the application of this knowledge to patient assessment, diagnosis, and management across various body systems, preparing students for clinical decision-making in healthcare settings.
Recommended Textbook
Introduction to Clinical Pharmacology 7th Edition by Marilyn Edmunds
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24 Chapters
575 Verified Questions
575 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/1131 Page 2
Chapter 1: Pharmacology and the Nursing Process in LPN Practice
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25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/22201
Sample Questions
Q1) An LVN/LPN works on a very busy 35-bed medical-surgical unit.The RN team leader gives you a syringe with "pain medication" in it and asks the LPN/LVN nurse to administer this medication to a patient.The nurse's first action is which of the following?
A) Assist the team leader by giving the medication as requested for this time only.
B) Administer the medication this time because it is an emergency.
C) Take time and prepare the medication yourself and give as prescribed.
D) You don't have to do anything;it is not your patient.
Answer: C
Q2) The nurse should document drug administration at which of the following times?
A) At the end of each shift
B) As soon as possible after administration
C) Just before administration
D) Any time during the nurse's shift
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Patient Teaching and Health Literacy
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31 Verified Questions
31 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse is teaching a patient with a new diagnosis of hypothyroidism.The patient is anxious and fears gaining weight with this condition.Which of the following will help this patient's learning process?
A) Allow the patient to go home and read the information.
B) Let the patient watch television for 2 hours before teaching.
C) Give the teaching sessions in a systematic manner.
D) Only tell the patient what he wants to hear.
Answer: C
Q2) Health literacy is a problem for which of the following reasons? (Select all that apply. )
A) Age and lack of financial resources
B) Inability to read a map
C) Inability to read a prescription
D) Little knowledge of diseases
Answer: B,C,D
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4
Chapter 3: Legal Aspects Affecting the Administration of Medications
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24 Verified Questions
24 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When a nurse realizes that a medication error has occurred,the nurse should take which of the following steps? (Select all that apply. )
A) Immediately check the patient and determine if the error poses a risk to the patient's condition.If so,notify the physician immediately.
B) Try to find someone to blame for the error.
C) Notify the nursing supervisor,record in the patient's chart exactly what happened,and fill out any other required (incident/medication error)reports.
D) Analyze how and why the error occurred,and how it might be avoided in the future.
E) All of the above are correct steps.
Answer: A,C,D
Q2) The order reads,"Theochron 200 mg PO qid." The nurse understands that this is which type of medication order?
A) Priority
B) Standing
C) Flexible
D) Indefinite
Answer: B
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Foundations and Principles of Pharmacology
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26 Verified Questions
26 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A patient is on a cardiac medication and has been drinking alcohol every evening while watching television.On a visit to the clinic,he tells the nurse this information and asks if this is all right.Which of the following should be the nurse's response?
A) "Limit your alcohol use to 8 ounces a day with a meal."
B) "Alcohol and drugs may alter the drug's ability to work."
C) "There is no alteration with alcohol and drugs if you eat."
D) "The effects of alcohol and drugs only alter sometimes."
Q2) Drug metabolites can be excreted from the body in which of the following?
A) Saliva,tears,and blood
B) Urine,feces,and bone marrow
C) Feces,urine,and breast milk
D) Breast milk,blood,and urine
Q3) Which of the following medications is absorbed most rapidly?
A) Subcutaneous insulin
B) Intravenous antibiotic
C) Rectal suppository
D) Sublingual nitroglycerin
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Chapter 5: Lifespan and Cultural Modifications
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18 Verified Questions
18 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse is counseling a young woman who is planning her pregnancy.She asks if there is anything she might do to help prevent birth defects in her unborn child.Which of the following would be an appropriate response to the patient?
A) "There is no way you can prevent a natural condition."
B) "Birth defects only happen occasionally to some people."
C) "Eating a diet rich in iron may prevent or stop birth defects."
D) "Taking multivitamins with folic acid will help prevent birth defects."
Q2) A mother asks why her 6-year-old requires a daily dose of digoxin that is twice that of an adult.The nurse explains that the larger dose is necessary because of which of the following characteristics of children?
A) Greater resistance to medications
B) Variations in development of drug receptors
C) A slower metabolic rate than adults
D) More total body water,which dilutes the drug
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and Drugs for Health Promotion
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19 Verified Questions
19 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) An Alzheimer disease patient was started on medication for this condition,and the physician also suggested that he should take over-the-counter ginkgo.The nurse explains to the patient that this product will do which of the following?
A) Improve blood flow to the extremities.
B) Stop hot flashes and night sweats.
C) Decrease gas formation in the stomach.
D) Improve bowel movements.
Q2) A patient asks the nurse what the difference is between an OTC sleeping product and a sleeping pill prescribed by a physician.Which of the following is the best response?
A) "The OTC sleeping product is safer."
B) "The OTC sleeping product is commonly used."
C) "The OTC sleeping product is easy to swallow."
D) "The OTC sleeping product has smaller tablets."
Q3) Iron supplements are used in the treatment of which of the following conditions?
A) Anemia
B) Osteoporosis
C) Esophageal reflux
D) Constipation
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Chapter 7: Review of Mathematical Principles
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19 Verified Questions
19 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following represents the number 564 as written in Roman numerals?
A) CCIV
B) DMLIV
C) DLXIV
D) MLIV
Q2) Which of the following represents 4/8 raised to a higher term?
A) 8/16
B) 4/16
C) 1/16
D) 2/16
Q3) Which of the following complex fractions is the answer to this problem? 1/2 ÷ 200 =
A) 1/100
B) 200
C) 1/400
D) 100
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Chapter 8: Mathematical Calculations Used in Pharmacology
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Calculate the following: 1 kg = _____g.
Q2) A patient's weight is 68 kg.Which of the following represents the patient's weight in pounds?
A) 150 lb
B) 148 lb
C) 135 lb
D) 138 lb
Q3) Which of the following is equal to 2 tablespoonfuls?
A) 30 mL
B) 15 mL
C) 10 mL
D) 5 mL
Q4) If there are 10 grams of medicine in 120 mL of solution,which of the following represents the number of grams in 720 mL?
A) 35 g
B) 50 g
C) 60 g
D) 75 g
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Calculating Drug Dosages
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17 Verified Questions
17 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Parenteral medications come in different forms.Which of the following are considered parenteral medications? (Select all that apply. )
A) Prefilled syringe
B) Single-dose ampule
C) Multidose vial
D) Bottle volume pack
Q2) The nurse observes that there is 650 mL of IV fluid remaining in the bag,and the rate is 90 mL/hr.The drop factor on the infusion set is 60 gtt/mL.Which of the following represents how long the IV will last?
A) 6 hours and 28 minutes
B) 6 hours and 45 minutes
C) 7 hours and 13 minutes
D) 7 hours and 17 minutes
Q3) Place the following steps in the correct order for performing a dosage calculation.
A)Calculate the dosage.
B)Change the dosages to the same unit of measurement.
C)Use common sense.
D)Reduce to the simplest terms.
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11
Chapter 10: Preparing and Administering Medications
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20 Verified Questions
20 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When using the mucous membrane for percutaneous medication administration,the nurse should use an oily base for medication absorption when which of the following is true?
A) The mucous membrane is too dry,and skin will flake off.
B) The patient is allergic to oil-based preparations.
C) The medication needs a slow absorption.
D) The medication needs a rapid absorption.
Q2) As part of an antismoking program,nicotine can be administered by which of the following delivery systems?
A) Intravenously
B) Enterally
C) Sublingually
D) Transdermally
Q3) When a patient is experiencing a life-threatening emergency,the nurse may be given an order to administer medication via which of the following routes?
A) IV
B) IM
C) Subcutaneous
D) Rectal
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Allergy and Respiratory Medications
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20 Verified Questions
20 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an important concept to teach patients who take expectorants,antitussives,decongestants,or bronchodilators?
A) These are all over-the-counter medications that must be used with caution.
B) Medication effectiveness will be enhanced with adequate patient hydration of more than 2 quarts of water per day.
C) These preparations frequently cause adverse effects,and the patient should not take them without consulting a physician.
D) Patients may expect to develop fever,swollen lymph nodes,and tightness in the chest when taking these products.
Q2) The nurse will inform a patient who is on an antitussive agent about which of the following?
A) This medication is not habit forming.
B) This medication is for children's use only.
C) This medication can be addictive.
D) This medication comes only in pill form.
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13
Chapter 12: Antiinfective Medications
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27 Verified Questions
27 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/22212
Sample Questions
Q1) When giving a patient a penicillin injection,the nurse must keep in mind which of the following? (Select all that apply. )
A) Aspirate before injecting the medication.
B) The patient must be watched for 30 minutes for adverse reactions.
C) A poor bleeding response is normal.
D) Plunger deficit accounts for needle length.
Q2) A young woman comes into the clinic with a respiratory infection.Because she has a fever of 101.6° F,the physician starts her on ampicillin 250 mg PO q6h.The patient has a history of being on birth control pills.Which of the following represents what a nurse should teach the patient about oral contraceptives with the use of antibiotics?
A) Penicillin will increase the effects of the birth control pill.
B) Use a backup method for birth control protection this month.
C) You will have a regular menstrual period;continue to take your birth control pill.
D) Birth control pills work with antibiotics if you take an antacid with them.
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14
Chapter
Medications
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20 Verified Questions
20 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A patient infected with HIV comes into the clinic for a regular appointment and seems less depressed and more talkative.She has been on an antiretroviral drug for a few months.The patient tells the nurse she feels like she is cured,because she is taking the medication and feeling better.Which of the following represents what the nurse will say to this patient? (Select all that apply. )
A) "You started the medication early enough to be cured."
B) "HIV is not currently curable,but medication slows the advance of the disease."
C) "Over-the-counter medications such as aspirin will help the cure."
D) "Taking the medication prevents more virus from being produced."
Q2) Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide to a patient taking an antifungal medication?
A) "Do not stop treatment when symptoms disappear."
B) "Two weeks of therapy are usually all that is needed."
C) "Keep your unused medication for up to 1 year in case you need it again."
D) "Thankfully,there are very few side effects to these drugs."
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Antineoplastic Medications
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20 Verified Questions
20 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Antioxidants are viewed as helpful in the prevention and treatment of cancer because they have which of the following effects?
A) They stimulate platelet production.
B) They minimize the toxic effects of other antineoplastics.
C) They eliminate free radicals.
D) They alleviate nausea.
Q2) Onxol (paclitaxel)is used to treat testicular cancer.This drug directly interferes with or stops cell division.The nurse knows that this medication is which of the following preparations?
A) Mitotic agent
B) Chemotherapy agent
C) Hormone
D) Neoplasm
Q3) Chemotherapeutic agents act on which of the following?
A) Slowing cell growth
B) Only malignant cells
C) The bacterial cell wall
D) Helper T-cell production
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16
Chapter 15: Cardiovascular and Renal Medications
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38 Verified Questions
38 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A patient has taken five or six nitroglycerin tablets per day to prevent chest pain for more than 2 years.His health care provider has recommended that he decrease the amount of medication he takes a day to no more than three tablets.This patient should reduce his medication according to which of the following timetables?
A) Stop taking the medication all at once.
B) Take one fewer tablet every 2 months.
C) Gradually cut down over a period of time.
D) Take the medication once a week.
Q2) The physician tells the nurse that a patient is hypokalemic.He has been taking a thiazide medication for treatment of his high blood pressure.The nurse should instruct him to increase his dietary intake of which of the following?
A) Green leafy vegetables
B) Sodium
C) Bananas and citrus fruits
D) Low-fat products
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17
Chapter 16: Central and Peripheral Nervous System
Medications
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24 Verified Questions
24 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/22216
Sample Questions
Q1) A patient comes into the emergency department with status epilepticus in progress.The nurse expects the physician to order which of the following drugs for this condition?
A) Diazepam (Valium)
B) Clonazepam (Klonopin)
C) Ethotoin (Peganone)
D) Fosphenytoin (Cerebyx)
Q2) The nurse should include which of the following when teaching an adult patient about an antivertigo agent?
A) Some patients experience hyperactivity.
B) Take 30 to 60 minutes before airplane or boat departure.
C) Take 30 minutes after meals.
D) Do not take with dairy products.
Q3) The desired effect of an antidepressant drug will usually occur within which of the following periods?
A) 48 to 72 hours
B) 35 days
C) 3 to 4 weeks
D) 48 weeks
18
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Chapter 17: Medications for Pain Management and Anesthesia
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18 Verified Questions
18 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A patient has been on hydrocodone for 6 months and asks if this medication is addictive.Which of the following would be the nurse's best response?
A) "Dependence may develop."
B) "This is not an addictive narcotic."
C) "All medications are addictive."
D) "Taking food with this medication will help."
Q2) For which of the following reasons would the physician not order a narcotic agonist analgesic when a patient has abdominal pain of undetermined origin?
A) A narcotic is too strong to use in undetermined pain.
B) It will make it difficult to diagnose the cause of the pain.
C) Narcotics are very addicting.
D) Undetermined pain will respond better to nonnarcotic medications.
Q3) Which of the following is an example of a procedure appropriate for local anesthesia?
A) Tonsillectomy
B) Dental procedure
C) Caesarean section
D) Hip replacement
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Chapter 18: Anti-inflammatory, Musculoskeletal, and Anti-arthritis Medications
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27 Verified Questions
27 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A patient taking antiinflammatory drugs tells the nurse he has been missing some of his doses of medication.Which of the following guidelines for missed medications should be taught? (Select all that apply. )
A) Skip all missed medication dosages.
B) If possible,take the missed dose within an hour of the scheduled time.
C) If the missed dose is close to next administration time,take the regular dose and skip the missed dose.
D) Never take a double dose of this medication.
Q2) When a patient is on aspirin therapy,the nurse should instruct the patient to watch for and report to the physician which of the following symptoms?
A) Increase in appetite
B) Edema in bilateral feet
C) Burning on urination
D) Blood in stools
Q3) Methotrexate is used in the treatment of which of the following conditions?
A) Severe back pain
B) Chronic gout pain
C) Osteoarthritis
D) Rheumatoid arthritis
Page 20
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Chapter 19: Gastrointestinal Medications
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20 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) One of the nurse's older adult patients is abusing laxatives.Which of the following would be an appropriate intervention for this patient to help reduce this chronic laxative use and dependency?
A) Advise the patient to take a laxative once weekly.
B) Stop the patient from taking any laxatives.
C) Have the patient take an enema instead of a laxative.
D) Have the patient drink 6 to 8 glasses of water each day.
Q2) A patient complains to her physician of abdominal bloating and discomfort.She is a known alcoholic and has been treated recently for pancreatitis.Medications that may be used to reduce abdominal discomfort resulting from intestinal spasm,increased motility,and acid production include which of the following?
A) Antiflatulents and antiemetics
B) Antispasmodics and anticholinergics
C) Anticholinergics and histamine H antagonists
D) Antacids and chenodiol
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Chapter 20: Hematologic Products
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26 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A patient is started on warfarin (Coumadin)that is adjusted with the results of the INR and/or PT.You expect the physician to start an initial dose that is which of the following ranges?
A) 2 to 5 mg
B) 0.5 to 1 mg
C) 6 to 8 mg
D) 8 to 9 mg
Q2) Which of the following tests will the nurse evaluate after the physician makes an adjustment in a patient's heparin dose in order to determine the effect of the change?
A) aPTT
B) PT
C) INR
D) DIC panel
Q3) Once anticoagulation therapy has ended,the nurse would advise the patient to do which of the following?
A) Go back to using a razor for shaving as before therapy.
B) Use caution for a while after therapy has ended.
C) Remove the Medic-Alert bracelet at the end of therapy.
D) Resume alcohol consumption after therapy has ended.
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Page 22
Chapter 21: Hormones and Steroids
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Sample Questions
Q1) A newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patient is started on a new drug that comes from incretin hormones.Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1)is used because of which of the following effects?
A) It has the least allergic effect.
B) It is easy to administer.
C) It inhibits glucagon secretion.
D) It slows islet growth.
Q2) Patients taking antidiuretic hormone (ADH)need to be monitored frequently for which of the following?
A) Increase in urination
B) Urinary acidity
C) Dehydration
D) Urinary alkalinity
Q3) A patient is taking insulin each morning.When the insulin peaks,the patient should be observed for which of the following signs of hypoglycemia?
A) Nervousness,hunger,weakness,pallor,and confusion
B) Tachycardia and acetone breath
C) Tachycardia,loss of consciousness,and Kussmaul respirations
D) Serum glucose greater than 150 mg/dL,hunger,and confusion
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Page 23
Chapter 22: Immunologic Medications
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Sample Questions
Q1) A patient comes into the clinic with complaints of a cold.He is also there for a flu shot.Which of the following represents the reason a flu shot is not recommended in this case?
A) Active infection is present.
B) WBCs are too low.
C) CBCs are high.
D) Susceptibility is down.
Q2) Which of the following circumstances indicates that a 5-year-old about to enter grade school should be screened for current illness before receiving her immunizations?
A) She will cry and hurt too much.
B) Her father is chronically ill at home.
C) She has another year before she needs them.
D) Her mother passed immunity to her at birth.
Q3) Which of the following is an example of artificially acquired active immunity?
A) Developing chickenpox as a child
B) Developing measles as an adult
C) Receiving a PPD yearly
D) Receiving prophylactic vaccines
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24
Chapter 23: Topical Medications
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse explains to the patient the procedure she will use to apply a wet dressing to his open wound.The nurse will use which of the following solutions?
A) Salicylic acid
B) Colloidal bath
C) Burow solution
D) Urea
Q2) A scabicide such as Eurax is usually prescribed with which of the following frequencies?
A) Daily for 3 days
B) One to two applications only
C) Twice a day for 1 week
D) Four times a day for 2 days
Q3) A patient using a transdermal nicotine patch should not do which of the following?
A) Smoke
B) Drink caffeine
C) Drink alcohol
D) Go out into the sun
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Chapter 24: Vitamins and Minerals
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following vitamins turns urine yellow in color?
A) Vitamin B
B) Vitamin B
C) Vitamin B
D) Vitamin B
Q2) Foods high in folic acid include which of the following?
A) Crab
B) Chicken
C) Nuts
D) Vegetables
Q3) Which of the following vitamins is used in the treatment of blood clotting disorders?
A) Vitamin C
B) Vitamin E
C) Vitamin A
D) Vitamin K
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