Pathology for Physical Therapist Assistants
Final Exam
Course Introduction
This course introduces students to the fundamental concepts of pathology with a focus on conditions commonly encountered in physical therapy practice. Emphasis is placed on understanding disease processes, mechanisms of injury, and tissue healing as they relate to physical therapy interventions. Students will explore the etiology, clinical manifestations, progression, and implications of various musculoskeletal, neurological, cardiovascular, and integumentary pathologies. The course also covers infection control principles, the impact of chronic diseases on movement, and the role of the physical therapist assistant in patient management, education, and safety.
Recommended Textbook
Pathology for the Physical Therapist Assistant 1st Edition by Penelope J. Lescher
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14 Chapters
280 Verified Questions
280 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Inflammation and Healing
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20 Verified Questions
20 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Pain is the body's natural way of warning about a potential problem.Referred pain is:
A) the type of pain experienced with a bruise caused by being hit with a baseball bat.
B) the type of pain experienced over the area of a small burn sustained from an oven when cooking.
C) the type of pain felt within the area of skin supplied by the same nerve root as that supplying the injured area.
D) the type of pain experienced when pricking the finger when sewing.
Answer: C
Q2) Cells can change in response to injury or stimuli.Which of the following typifies an increase in size of the individual cells?
A) Atrophy
B) Hypertrophy
C) Hyperplasia
D) Metaplasia
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Immunopathology, neoplasia, and
Chromosome Abnormalities
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20 Verified Questions
20 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The mechanisms for metastasis of a malignant tumor are varied.Which of the following is NOT a true statement?
A) A malignancy that metastasizes to another area is named for the new site.
B) The area of metastasis becomes a secondary site of the tumor.
C) Metastases can occur by malignant cells traveling to another area of the body via the blood or lymphatic systems.
D) Metastases can occur through "seeding," in which cancerous cells break away from the malignant tumor and are transmitted to another area through a body cavity.
Answer: A
Q2) An antigen is a stimulus,such as an irritant or chemical,that elicits an immune response.Which of the following is applicable to the body's response to antigens?
A) Antibodies form specific to one antigen.
B) Antibodies are not specific to any one antigen.
C) Antibodies are fatty acids.
D) Antibodies do not help the body defend itself.
Answer: A
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Cardiovascular Pathologies
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20 Verified Questions
20 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Leukemias are malignant neoplasms of the blood cells or blood-forming organs often with no known cause.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Your patient relates being able to walk for about 15 feet and then experiences severe pain in his posterior lower leg (calf).He is unable to use his exercise bike or stand still for more than 1 minute without having the same pain.The most likely explanation is:
A) cyanosis.
B) intermittent claudication.
C) palpitations.
D) syncope.
Answer: B
Q3) Which of the following describes "ascites"?
A) Pulmonary edema
B) Peripheral edema
C) Abdominal edema
D) Dependent edema
Answer: C
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Respiratory Diseases
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20 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) One method of grading the exertion level of exercise is to use metabolic equivalent (MET).Each MET is equal to about 3.5 mL/kg of body weight per minute.Which of the following activities would fall within the 3 to 6 MET range?
A) Bicycling at 5 to 9 miles per hour on level terrain
B) Playing a game of singles tennis
C) Playing soccer or football
D) Race walking (fast pace)
Q2) When teaching diaphragmatic breathing exercises,the PTA needs to ensure the patient understands that:
A) the abdomen raises during inhalation.
B) the abdomen lowers during inhalation.
C) the abdominal muscles are contracted.
D) the neck and shoulder muscles are contracted.
Q3) Exhalation is an active mechanism involving the relaxation of the muscles of inhalation,such as the diaphragm and the intercostals,and the return of the ribs to their resting position.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Degenerative Joint Diseases and Bone
Pathologies
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20 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The clinical picture of a person with spondylosis includes all of the following EXCEPT:
A) headaches,neck ache,and shoulder and arm pain may occur in people with cervical spondylosis.
B) lipping of the vertebral bodies with reduced space between the vertebral bodies and osteophytes around the margins of the apophyseal joints of the spine may occur.
C) pain is rarely a factor for people with spondylosis.
D) altered sensation and paresthesias along the involved dermatome may occur.
Q2) A deformity of the knees in which the knees become "knock-kneed" is called:
A) genu valgus.
B) genu varus.
C) equino valgus.
D) equino varus.
Q3) Osteochondromas,also called exostoses,are the most common benign tumors of bone in children and are usually located in the distal femur.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Rheumatoid Arthritis and Related Conditions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Polymyalgia rheumatica is associated with aching,stiffness,and pain in multiple areas of the body.The diagnostic criteria for the condition include depression,morning stiffness,and weight loss,as well as these other symptoms.Patients must have all of the signs and symptoms included in the diagnostic criteria to be diagnosed with polymyalgia rheumatica.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Boutonniére's deformity is characterized by:
A) flexion of the MCP joint,hyperextension of the PIP joint,and flexion of the DIP joint.
B) extension of the MCP joint,flexion of the PIP joint,and hyperextension of the DIP joint.
C) flexion of the MCP joint,flexion of PIP joint,and flexion of the DIP joint.
D) extension of the MCP joint,extension of the PIP joint,and flexion of the DIP joint.
Q3) Which of the following signs and symptoms is indicative of psoriatic arthritis?
A) Bamboo spine
B) Tophi
C) Pencil-in-cup deformity of the fingers
D) Heberden's nodes
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Chapter 7: Neurological Disorders
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20 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A technique used by physical therapists that involves restricting the use of the unaffected upper extremity in people who have experienced a cerebrovascular accident (CVA)is:
A) the Alexander technique.
B) constraint-induced movement therapy.
C) the Feldenkrais method.
D) myofascial release.
Q2) Alzheimer's disease is categorized into stages.Which of the following symptoms is characteristic of the severe cognitive decline phase?
A) Forgetfulness marked by loss of familiar objects such as keys and the inability to remember the names of friends and family
B) Inability to walk without assistance; needing help with feeding and toileting
C) Inability to recall phone numbers and personal history details; confusion as to day,time,or season; difficulty with simple arithmetic
D) Inability to perform daily tasks; needing help with activities of daily living; changes in sleep-wake cycle; personality changes (which can lead to delusions); possible wandering and becoming lost
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Chapter 8: Burns and Skin Conditions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Autolytic débridement uses a nonocclusive dressing.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Kaposi's sarcoma
A)Area affected may appear as a nonhealing ulcer with an asymmetrical shape
B)Area of concern can be red,purple,or brown and is found mainly on the face and lower legs
C)Blister-like vesicles occurring along a dermatome
D)Lesions that are 6 mm in diameter and have mixed flat and raised areas
E)Occurs on areas regularly exposed to ultraviolet light
Q3) In an electrical burn,only muscle and bone are most likely to be damaged.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which skin lesion is described as a flat area of skin that varies in size and color?
A) Excoriation
B) Fissure
C) Macule
D) Tumor
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10
Chapter 9: Endocrine, metabolic, and Nutritional Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most people with endocrine system problems have increased strength and vigor.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Pituitary hypofunction
A)Perform gentle exercise and mobility
B)Improve endurance and strengthen muscle
C)Manage arthritic symptoms and perform muscle strengthening exercises
D)Treat muscle and soft tissues deficits that may arise
E)Treat the physical deficits caused by the disease process
Q3) Bulging eyes is one sign of Grave's disease.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Diabetes insipidus is part of what group of diseases?
A) Adrenal
B) Pituitary
C) Parathyroid
D) Thyroid
Q5) A person with bulimia nervosa has the tendency to overexercise.
A)True
B)False
11
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Chapter 10: Infectious Diseases
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20 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Human papillomavirus
A)Contact with infected rodents or rodent urine or feces
B)Mosquito bite
C)Respiratory droplets via coughing or sneezing
D)Sexual contact
E)Tick bite
Q2) Which of the following diseases is NOT caused by an RNA virus?
A) Hantavirus
B) Pertussis
C) Rubeola
D) West Nile virus
Q3) All of the following are physical therapy interventions recommended for post-poliomyelitis syndrome EXCEPT:
A) advice on lifestyle changes.
B) endurance exercise.
C) low- to moderate-intensity exercise.
D) overfatigue to increase strength.
Q4) Toxic shock syndrome has been linked to the use of tampons in women.
A)True
B)False
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Female and Male Reproductive System
Conditions
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20 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Bone loss has been linked to this during menopause:
A) Increase in estrogen
B) Increase in progesterone
C) Reduction in estrogen
D) Reduction in progesterone
Q2) Prostate cancer is the leading cause of death from cancer in men.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A second-degree episiotomy is a tear that extends to:
A) include extensive damage to the vagina,perineum,external genitalia,and the wall of the rectum.
B) layers of muscle of the perineum.
C) superficial areas only.
D) the sphincters.
Q4) Women in the later stages of pregnancy require more time to recover after exercise.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Diseases of the Digestive and Urinary Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Arthritis is associated with inflammatory bowel disease.
A)True
B)False
Q2) All of the following are examples of a hernia EXCEPT:
A) femoral.
B) hiatal.
C) ileus.
D) periumbilical.
Q3) Amylase
A)Liver
B)Pancreas
C)Salivary glands
D)Small intestine
E)Stomach
Q4) Which of the following is NOT part of the urinary system?
A) Adrenal glands
B) Bladder
C) Kidney
D) Rectum
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Chapter 13: Intensive Care
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Sample Questions
Q1) Fasting glucose
A)70 to 110 mg/100 mL
B)75 to 100 mm Hg
C)150,000 to 300,000/mm<sup>3</sup>
D)Females: 12 to 16 g/100 mL; Males: 13 to 18 g/100 mL
E)Females: 37% to 48%; Males: 45% to 52%
Q2) It is appropriate when performing postural drainage on an infant to place the infant over one's knee.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The Glasgow Coma scale measures the level of consciousness of a patient.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Hemoglobin
A)70 to 110 mg/100 mL
B)75 to 100 mm Hg
C)150,000 to 300,000/mm<sup>3</sup>
D)Females: 12 to 16 g/100 mL; Males: 13 to 18 g/100 mL
E)Females: 37% to 48%; Males: 45% to 52%
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Chapter 14: The Geriatric Patient
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Sample Questions
Q1) When working with patients with dementia,it is important to do all of the following EXCEPT:
A) use group exercise.
B) use simple,brief instructions.
C) use the person's name frequently.
D) use your irritation to facilitate a therapeutic reaction.
Q2) The Kübler-Ross stages of dying include all of the following EXCEPT:
A) anger.
B) bargaining.
C) depression.
D) surrender.
Q3) A family member taking money from an elderly person is not considered elder abuse.
A)True
B)False
Q4) All of the following are skin effects due to aging EXCEPT: A) easy bruising.
B) reduced elasticity and flexibility.
C) hair loss on the body.
D) thickening of the subdermal fat layer.
Page 16
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