Pathology Final Exam
Course Introduction
Pathology is the study of the causes, mechanisms, and effects of diseases on the human body. This course introduces students to the fundamental principles of pathology, including cellular injury, inflammation, tissue repair, hemodynamic disorders, genetic diseases, and neoplasia. Students will learn how abnormal cellular and physiological processes result in clinical symptoms and signs, and how these changes are identified through gross, microscopic, and molecular techniques. Emphasis is placed on understanding disease processes to support clinical decision-making and improve patient outcomes.
Recommended Textbook
Histology and Cell Biology An Introduction to Pathology 3rd Edition by Abraham L Kierszenbaum
Available Study Resources on Quizplus
23 Chapters
246 Verified Questions
246 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/1202
Page 2
Chapter 1: Epithelium
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
18 Verified Questions
18 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23777
Sample Questions
Q1) The epithelial specializations most likely to be found in absorptive epithelia are
A) Cilia
B) Flagella
C) Microtubules
D) Microvilli
E) Stereocilia
Answer: D
Q2) The surface of the ovaries contains which type of epithelium
A) Pseudostratified columnar
B) Simple columnar
C) Simple cuboidal
D) Simple squamous
E) Stratified squamous
Answer: C
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 3
Chapter 2: Epithelial Glands
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
6 Verified Questions
6 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23778
Sample Questions
Q1) The mode of exocrine gland secretion in which the secretory product is released in a pinched-off piece of the plasma membrane is
A) Apocrine
B) Eccrine
C) Endocrine
D) Holocrine
E) Merocrine
Answer: A
Q2) Which organelle is responsible for degrading proteins?
A) Golgi apparatus
B) Lysosome
C) Mitochondrion
D) Rough endoplasmic reticulum
E) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: B
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 4
Chapter 3: Cell Signaling
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
6 Verified Questions
6 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23779
Sample Questions
Q1) The binding of a ligand to a G protein--coupled receptor will result in activation of adenylyl cyclase, which in turn will initiate which of the following pathways?
A) Ca<sup>2+</sup> -calmodulin
B) cAMP
C) cGMP
D) MAP kinase
E) Phospholipase C-Ca<sup>2+</sup>
Answer: B
Q2) A secreted chemical messenger meant to act on an adjacent cell is called a(n)
A) Autocrine
B) Hormone
C) Neurohormone
D) Neurotransmitter
E) Paracrine
Answer: E
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
5
Chapter 4: Connective Tissue
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
23 Verified Questions
23 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23780
Sample Questions
Q1) The type of fiber that forms a sort of supportive "web" for cells is
A) Elastic
B) Reticular
C) Type I collagen
D) Type II collagen
E) Type IV collagen
Q2) What are mature cartilage cells called?
A) Chondroblasts
B) Chondrocytes
C) Chondrogenic cells
D) Osteoblasts
E) Osteocytes
Q3) Connective tissue is composed of all of the following except
A) Extracellular matrix
B) Fibroblasts
C) Ground substance
D) Junctional complexes
E) Protein fibers
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 5: Osteogenesis
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23781
Sample Questions
Q1) The hormone calcitonin functions to
A) Decrease the rate of calcium absorption
B) Decrease the rate of calcium excretion
C) Increase the level of calcium ion in the blood
D) Stimulate both osteoblast and osteoclast activity
E) Stimulate osteoclast activity
Q2) Each of the following statements about epiphyseal plates is correct EXCEPT
A) Appositional growth occurs on the epiphyseal side
B) Bone replaces cartilage on the diaphyseal side
C) Mitotically active chondrocytes are distributed throughout the zone of reserve cartilage
D) These chondrocytes are required for lengthening of long bones
E) They contain a portion of healthy hyaline cartilage
Q3) Each of the following statements about epiphyseal plates is correct EXCEPT
A) Appositional growth occurs on the epiphyseal side
B) Bone replaces cartilage on the diaphyseal side
C) Mitotically active chondrocytes are distributed throughout the zone of reserve cartilage
D) Epiphyseal plates are required for lengthening of long bones
E) Epiphyseal plates contain a portion of healthy hyaline cartilage
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 7
Chapter 6: Blood and Hematopoiesis
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
14 Verified Questions
14 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23782
Sample Questions
Q1) Each of the following is a true statement about neutrophils EXCEPT
A) Their cytoplasm contains specific granules that contain major basic protein (MBP) crystals
B) They are bactericidal
C) They are capable of diapedesis
D) They make up approximately 65% of all white blood cells
E) They are active phagocytic cells
Q2) During homing and inflammation, _____ occurs following rolling and attachment
A) Adhesion
B) Macrophage activation
C) Migration of T-cells
D) Selectin expression
E) Tumor necrosis factor - secretion
Q3) Which of the following hematopoietic growth factors stimulates the production of eosinophils?
A) Erythropoietin
B) Flt3 ligand
C) Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor
D) Stem cell factor
E) Thrombopoietin
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 8
Chapter 7: Muscle Tissue
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
9 Verified Questions
9 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23783
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT a structural component of a triad?
A) Myofibril
B) Sarcolemma
C) Sarcoplasmic reticulum
D) Terminal cisterna
E) Transverse tubule
Q2) Following the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, an action potential travels along the _____ to the interior of the muscle cell.
A) Sarcomere
B) Sarcoplasmic reticulum
C) Thick filament
D) Thin filament
E) Transverse tubule
Q3) The H-zone of a sarcomere contains which of the following proteins?
A) Myosin only
B) Actin only
C) Troponin and tropomyosin
D) B and C only
E) All of the above
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 9
Chapter 8: Nervous Tissue
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
9 Verified Questions
9 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23784
Sample Questions
Q1) Interneurons are found
A) Only in the brain
B) Only in the central nervous system
C) Only in the peripheral nervous system
D) Only in the spinal cord
E) Throughout the nervous system
Q2) Which of the following neuroglial cells is phagocytic?
A) Astrocytes
B) Ependymal cells
C) Oligodendrocytes
D) Microglial cells
E) Satellite cells
Q3) Neurotransmitters synthesized in the soma of a neuron reach the synaptic cleft via
A) Action potentials
B) Anterograde axonal transport
C) Graded potentials
D) Retrograde axonal transport
E) Synaptic activity
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
10
Chapter 9: Sensory Organs: Vision and Hearing
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23785
Sample Questions
Q1) When auditory vibrations enter the cochlear duct, the _____ membrane remains stationary, resulting in a shearing action of the vibrating hair cells, leading to the stimulation of the cochlear nerve
A) Basilar
B) Reissner's
C) Sacular
D) Tectorial
E) Tympanic
Q2) The photoreceptor neurons of the retina synapse on ____
A) Amacrine cells
B) Bipolar cells
C) Ganglion cells
D) Horizontal cells
E) Müller cells
Q3) Most of the aqueous humor produced by the ciliary body drains into the
A) Aqueous veins
B) Canal of Schlemm
C) External collecting channel
D) Scleral plexus
E) Trabecular meshwork
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 11
Chapter 10: Immune-Lymphatic System
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
8 Verified Questions
8 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23786
Sample Questions
Q1) Activated B cells proliferate in the _____ of a lymph node.
A) Capsule
B) Germinal center
C) Mantle zone
D) Subcapsular sinus
E) Trabeculae
Q2) The humoral immune response is carried out by
A) B lymphocytes
B) Erythrocytes
C) Neutrophils
D) T lymphocytes
E) Thrombocytes
Q3) Helper T cells
A) Activate B cells to produce specific antibodies
B) Differentiate into cytotoxic T cells upon re-exposure to a known pathogen
C) Help T cells recognize antigens as nonself
D) Recognize and kill viral cells by secreting perforin
E) Secrete interferon upon contact with a virus
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 11: Integumentary System
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
11 Verified Questions
11 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23787
Sample Questions
Q1) These cells are responsible for producing a pigment that protects underlying tissue from ultraviolet radiation
A) Basal (satellite) cells
B) Keratinocytes
C) Langerhans cells
D) Melanocytes
E) Merkel cells
Q2) Which of the following is NOT true of the stratum spinosum?
A) It contains immunity-conferring cells called Langerhans cells
B) It is also called the "spiny" layer
C) It is comprised mostly of keratinocytes
D) It is superficial to the stratum granulosum and the stratum germinativum
E) Keratins 5 and 14 are replaced by keratins 1 and 10 following basal keratinocyte migration
Q3) Nail production occurs at the nail _____.
A) Bed
B) Body
C) Eponychium
D) Hyponychium
E) Matrix
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 13
Chapter 12: Cardiovascular System
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
12 Verified Questions
12 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23788
Sample Questions
Q1) In the heart's conduction system, the electrical signal travels from the atrioventricular node to the
A) Atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His)
B) Bundle branches
C) Junctional fibers
D) Purkinje fibers
E) Sinoatrial node
Q2) Which of the following statements about veins is false?
A) Layering in the walls is indistinct
B) Most small and medium-sized veins contain valves
C) The lumina are larger than corresponding arteries
D) Vasa vasorum in large veins are less common than in corresponding arteries
E) Walls are thinner than those found in corresponding arteries
Q3) The tunica media
A) Contains collagen and elastic fibers
B) Directly surrounds the lumen of the blood vessel
C) Includes the external elastic lamina
D) Is composed of simple squamous epithelia
E) Is not found in venules, arterioles, or capillaries
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 14
Chapter 13: Respiratory System
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
11 Verified Questions
11 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23789
Sample Questions
Q1) Inspired air moves from the _____ directly into the alveolar ducts.
A) Alveolar sacs
B) Alveoli
C) Respiratory bronchioles
D) Terminal bronchioles
E) Tertiary bronchi
Q2) Keratinized epithelium becomes nonkeratinized at which of the following structures?
A) Nasal vestibule
B) Nasopharynx
C) Olfactory region of nasal cavity
D) Oropharynx
E) Posterior nasal cavity
Q3) Alveolar cells that manufacture and secrete pulmonary surfactant are
A) Alveolar macrophages
B) Clara cells
C) Endothelial cells
D) Type I alveolar cells
E) Type II alveolar cells
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 15
Chapter 14: Urinary System
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
14 Verified Questions
14 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23790
Sample Questions
Q1) All of the following statements about the distal thick segment of the renal tubule are true EXCEPT
A) It does not have a brush border
B) It empties into the collecting duct
C) It excretes sodium ions and absorbs potassium ions
D) It has a larger diameter than the loop of Henle
E) It is impermeable to water outside the presence of ADH (antidiuretic hormone)
Q2) Which of the following statements about the juxtaglomerular apparatus is incorrect?
A) Afferent arteriole cells are modified to become macula densa cells
B) Cells of the macula densa are taller and narrower than normal
C) The juxtaglomular apparatus helps regulate blood pressure
D) The juxtaglomular apparatus is partly composed of modified cells from the distal thick segment
E) Juxtaglomerular cells are modified smooth muscle cells
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 15: Upper Digestive Segment
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23791
Sample Questions
Q1) What do the surface mucous cells of the stomach do?
A) They are regenerative
B) They help reabsorb vitamin B12
C) They secrete a substance that protects the stomach lining from acid
D) They secrete hydrochloric acid
E) They secrete into the base of the gastric pit
Q2) Which of the following are simple coiled tubular glands lined almost entirely with mucus-secreting cells?
A) Cardiac glands
B) Esophageal glands
C) Fundic glands
D) Gastric glands
E) Pyloric glands
Q3) Which of the following cells synthesize and secrete the components of dentin?
A) Ameloblasts
B) Cementoblasts
C) Odontoblasts
D) Preameloblasts
E) Preodontoblasts
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 17
Chapter 16: Lower Digestive Segment
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
9 Verified Questions
9 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23792
Sample Questions
Q1) Where are electrolytes actively absorbed, and where is water passively absorbed?
A) Duodenum
B) Ileum
C) Jejunum
D) Large intestine
E) Stomach
Q2) Which of the following is not true of the crypts of Lieberkühn?
A) Their bases may contain Paneth cells
B) They are found between the intestinal villi
C) They are intestinal glands
D) They are simple tubular glands
E) They are unique to the small intestine
Q3) Which of the following cell types is not found in the small intestine epithelium?
A) Enterocytes
B) Microfold cells
C) Paneth cells
D) Parietal cells
E) None of the above (all of the above cells are found in the small intestine epithelium)
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
18
Chapter 17: Digestive Glands
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
13 Verified Questions
13 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23793
Sample Questions
Q1) Portal triads are made up of vessels carrying all of the following EXCEPT
A) Bile away from the liver cells
B) Deoxygenated blood away from the liver cells
C) Deoxygenated blood to the liver cells
D) Nutrient-rich blood to the liver cells
E) Oxygenated blood to the liver cells
Q2) Sublingual glands
A) Are the largest salivary glands
B) Contain protein-rich granules
C) Contain serous but not mucous cells
D) Have a well-defined capsule
E) Have poorly developed intercalated ducts
Q3) Which of the following is not a function of the liver?
A) Gluconeogenesis
B) Iron storage
C) Protein and lipid synthesis
D) Storage of bile
E) Toxin degradation
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
19
Chapter 18: Neuroendocrine System
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
7 Verified Questions
7 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23794
Sample Questions
Q1) Which endocrine structure does not directly synthesize any hormones but instead stores hormones and secretes them following a nervous signal from the hypothalamus?
A) Adrenal cortex
B) Adrenal medulla
C) Anterior pituitary
D) Posterior pituitary
E) Thyroid gland
Q2) Which of the following statements about the neurohypophysis is not true?
A) Contains glial-like cells called pituicytes
B) It synthesizes, stores, and secretes antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin
C) Its axons derive from the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei
D) Secretion of its hormones is controlled by nerve impulses from the hypothalamus
E) The hypothalamohypophyseal tract runs through the infundibulum
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
20
Chapter 19: Endocrine System
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
9 Verified Questions
9 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23795
Sample Questions
Q1) The trophic hormone that controls the release of T4 (thyroxine) and T3 (triiodothyronine) is secreted by
A) Acidophilic cells
B) Basophilic cells
C) Chromaffin cells
D) Chromophobic cells
E) Follicular cells
Q2) Parafollicular cells
A) Are found in the parathyroid glands
B) Are found in the zona glomerulosa
C) Constitute the pars tuberalis
D) Secrete a hormone that lowers blood calcium levels
E) Secrete hormones responsible for establishing the basal metabolic rate
Q3) Adequate iodide levels are required for the synthesis of
A) Aldosterone
B) Cortisol
C) Thyroid-stimulating hormone
D) Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
E) Thyroxine
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 21
Chapter 20: Spermatogenesis
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
8 Verified Questions
8 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23796
Sample Questions
Q1) Spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells are found in the A) Epididymides
B) Prostate
C) Rete testes
D) Seminiferous tubules
E) Vas deferens
Q2) Testosterone is secreted by
A) Leydig cells
B) Principal cells
C) Sertoli cells
D) Spermatogenic cells
E) Spermatogonia
Q3) Which of the following are diploid structures?
A) Primary spermatocytes
B) Secondary spermatocytes
C) Sperm
D) Spermatids
E) Spermatozoa
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 22
Chapter 21: Sperm Transport and Maturation
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
6 Verified Questions
6 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23797
Sample Questions
Q1) Sperm move from the tubuli recti into the
A) Ductuli efferentes
B) Epididymidis
C) Rete testis
D) Seminiferous tubules
E) Vas deferens
Q2) Which duct has a characteristic wavy lumen as a result of different epithelial cell heights?
A) Ductuli efferentes
B) Ductus epididymidis
C) Rete testis
D) Seminiferous tubules
E) Tubuli recti
Q3) Sperm are matured and stored in what structure?
A) Epididymidis
B) Prostate
C) Seminal vesicle
D) Testis
E) Vas deferens
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 23
Chapter 22: Follicle Development and the Menstrual Cycle
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23798
Sample Questions
Q1) Where is the bulbospongiosus muscle found?
A) In the cervix
B) In the ovary
C) In the oviduct
D) In the uterus
E) In the vagina
Q2) Oocytes surrounded by granulosa cells are found in the
A) Corona radiata
B) Corpus luteum
C) Cumulus oophorus
D) Theca folliculus
E) Zona pellucida
Q3) Which of the following does not occur as a result of the luteinizing hormone surge?
A) Formation of the corpus luteum
B) Increased estrogen secretion
C) Ovulation
D) Secondary oocyte completes meiosis I
E) Secretion of proteolytic enzymes from the mature follicle
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
24
Chapter 23: Fertilization, Placentation, and Lactation
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
8 Verified Questions
8 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23799
Sample Questions
Q1) Where does fertilization usually occur?
A) Cervix
B) Ovary
C) Oviduct
D) Uterus
E) Vagina
Q2) What structure secretes estrogen and progesterone for approximately 3 months following fertilization?
A) Corpus albicans
B) Corpus luteum
C) Mature follicle
D) Placenta
E) Tunica albuginea
Q3) Rapid cell division without organismal growth is called
A) Cleavage
B) Implantation
C) Meiosis
D) Mitosis
E) Oogenesis
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 25