Parent-Child Relations Exam Bank
Course Introduction
This course explores the dynamic interactions between parents and children, examining both theoretical frameworks and practical approaches to understanding the complexities of familial relationships. Topics include parenting styles, stages of child development, communication strategies, discipline methods, and the influence of cultural, social, and economic factors on family dynamics. Students will analyze current research on attachment, parental involvement, the impact of technology, and challenges such as divorce or blended families. The course aims to equip students with knowledge and skills beneficial for personal growth, future caregiving roles, and professional work with children and families.
Recommended Textbook Infants and Children Prenatal Through Middle Childhood 8th Edition by Laura E. Berk
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13 Chapters
1478 Verified Questions
1478 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/1193 Page 2
Chapter 1: History, Theory, and Research Strategies
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128 Verified Questions
128 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23625
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following research methods utilizes participant observation?
A) the clinical, or case study, method
B) naturalistic observation
C) ethnography
D) structured observation
Answer: C
Q2) A correlation of +.55 between preschool attendance and self-esteem indicates that children who attend preschool have __________ self-esteem scores than children who do not attend preschool.
A) moderately higher
B) significantly higher
C) significantly lower
D) moderately lower
Answer: A
Q3) The information-processing approach has little to say about
A) linear cognition.
B) how children think at different ages.
C) logical cognition.
D) imagination and creativity.
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Genetic and Environmental Foundations
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106 Verified Questions
106 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23626
Sample Questions
Q1) Denyse and David are both actors and have enrolled their children in acting classes. This is an example of a(n) __________ gene-environment correlation.
A) passive
B) evocative
C) active
D) dynamic
Answer: A
Q2) Donor insemination
A) is commonly used to overcome female reproductive difficulties.
B) involves giving a woman hormones that stimulate the ripening of several ova.
C) permits women without a male partner to become pregnant.
D) is used to treat women whose fallopian tubes are permanently damaged.
Answer: C
Q3) The most frequently occurring form of Down syndrome results from
A) an extra broken piece of a twenty-first chromosome attaching to another chromosome.
B) an error during the early stages of mitosis.
C) a failure of the twenty-first pair of chromosomes to separate during meiosis.
D) the inheritance of an extra X chromosome.
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Prenatal Development
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106 Verified Questions
106 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23627
Sample Questions
Q1) The amnion
A) develops into the nervous system and the skin.
B) surrounds the chorion.
C) contains one large vein that delivers blood to the developing organism.
D) encloses the developing organism in amniotic fluid.
Answer: D
Q2) The age of viability occurs sometime between _____ and _____ weeks.
A) 18; 22
B) 20; 24
C) 22; 26
D) 26; 30
Answer: C
Q3) Taking a folic acid supplement around the time of conception reduces by more than 70 percent
A) the risk of miscarriage.
B) infantile hypothyroidism.
C) the risk of Down syndrome.
D) abnormalities of the neural tube.
Answer: D
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Birth and the Newborn Baby
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105 Verified Questions
105 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23628
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is supported by research on newborn odor preferences?
A) Newborns cannot distinguish between the smell of their mother's breast and that of an unfamiliar lactating woman.
B) Bottle-fed newborns orient more to the smell of formula milk than to unfamiliar human milk.
C) Even without postnatal exposure, the odor of human milk is attractive to newborns.
D) Only breastfed babies prefer the smell of a lactating mother's breast to formula.
Q2) A baby will display the Moro reflex when his caregiver
A) shines a bright light at his eyes.
B) produces a sudden loud sound against the surface supporting him.
C) places him face down in a pool of water.
D) strokes his cheek near the corner of his mouth.
Q3) Couples can ease the transition to parenthood by
A) being more willing to take on traditional gender roles.
B) sharing child care right after the baby arrives.
C) returning to normal routines, such as work, soon after birth.
D) imposing their parenting standards on each other.
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Chapter 5: Physical Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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126 Verified Questions
126 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23629
Sample Questions
Q1) Baby Isaac combined his skills of kicking, rocking on all fours, and reaching in order to crawl. This is an example of
A) coordinated trends.
B) fine-motor coordination.
C) gross-motor coordination.
D) dynamic systems of action.
Q2) __________ improves the efficiency of message transfer.
A) Stimulation
B) Synaptic pruning
C) Tomography
D) Myelination
Q3) One way of understanding perceptual development is to think of it as a built-in tendency to seek
A) risk.
B) novelty.
C) order.
D) change.
Q4) Explain dynamic systems theory of motor development.
Page 7
Q5) Describe some common forms of inadequate nutrition in the United States.
Q6) What is lateralization of the brain, and why does it occur?
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Page 8
Chapter 6: Cognitive Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23630
Sample Questions
Q1) Three-year-old Liam is putting together a puzzle. Liam's father begins by pointing to where each piece needs to go and then straightening out each piece as Liam places them on the puzzle board. As Liam's competence with the task increases, his father gradually withdraws support. This is an example of A) scaffolding.
B) cooperative learning.
C) reciprocal teaching.
D) transitive inference.
Q2) In Piaget's theory, each time the back-and-forth movement between equilibrium and disequilibrium occurs,
A) children regress to a previous stage of development.
B) less effective schemes are produced.
C) children adapt more than they organize.
D) more effective schemes are produced.
Q3) Explain the core knowledge perspective of cognitive development. What do critics say about the perspective?
Q4) Describe signs of high-quality child care for infants and toddlers, based on standards for developmentally appropriate practice.
Page 9
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Chapter 7: Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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112 Verified Questions
112 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23631
Sample Questions
Q1) Fathers
A) are not as responsive as mothers to their infant's social needs.
B) engage in more highly stimulating physical play with their daughters than with sons.
C) report feeling less anxiety than mothers about daily separations.
D) in the United States devote just over 4 hours per workday to children.
Q2) Separation protest declines during which of Bowlby's phases?
A) preattachment
B) "attachment in the making"
C) "clear-cut" attachment
D) formation of a reciprocal relationship
Q3) Which of the following children is most likely to be receiving abusive or neglectful care?
A) Dante, whose attachment is disorganized/disoriented
B) Sonya, whose attachment is secure
C) Anthony, whose attachment is avoidant
D) Riley, whose attachment is resistant
Q4) Using Thomas and Chess's model of temperament, identify and describe the three categories of children. Do all children fit into one of these categories? Explain.
Page 10
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Chapter 8: Physical Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23632
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements regarding handedness is true?
A) For the majority of individuals, handedness is inherited from the mother's side of the family.
B) Ordinary siblings are more likely than identical or fraternal twins to differ in hand preference.
C) Rates of left-handedness are elevated among people with intellectual disabilities and mental illness.
D) Right-handed children are more likely to develop outstanding verbal and mathematical talents.
Q2) Neurons in the __________ send out fibers to the prefrontal cortex, contributing to improvements in sustained, controlled attention.
A) cerebellum
B) hippocampus
C) reticular formation
D) corpus callosum
Q3) Discuss sex differences in motor skills in early childhood.
Q4) Discuss how motor vehicle use relates to childhood injuries. What are some ways to minimize unintentional injuries during automobile travel?
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Chapter 9: Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
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114 Verified Questions
114 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23633
Sample Questions
Q1) According to the __________ approach, young children rely on word meanings to figure out grammatical rules.
A) fast-mapping
B) semantic bootstrapping
C) mutual exclusivity
D) syntactic bootstrapping
Q2) Four-year-old Maria uses shorter, simpler expressions when interacting with her 2-year-old brother. This example suggests that Piaget may have
A) overestimated preschoolers' animistic thinking.
B) overestimated preschoolers' egocentrism.
C) underestimated preschoolers' animistic thinking.
D) underestimated preschoolers' egocentrism.
Q3) In non-Western village cultures, young children
A) seldom engage in question asking with adults.
B) rarely ask why-questions, aimed at getting explanations.
C) receive more informative answers from adults than do Western children.
D) are discouraged from asking too many questions.
Q4) Explain what Piaget's famous conservation tasks reveal about preoperational children's thinking.
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Chapter 10: Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood
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125 Verified Questions
125 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23634
Sample Questions
Q1) What is inductive discipline, and how does it motivate children's active commitment to moral standards?
Q2) __________ aggression is used to obtain an object, privilege, space, or social reward.
A) Proactive
B) Reactive
C) Hostile
D) Verbal
Q3) Describe the developmental sequence of cognitive play categories. Provide examples of each.
Q4) When guilt occurs in appropriate circumstances and is not accompanied by shame, it is related to
A) ineffective parenting.
B) good adjustment.
C) poor emotional self-regulatory skills.
D) an insecure attachment.
Q5) Describe authoritative child rearing, and explain what makes it effective.
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Q6) Describe gender schema theory, and explain how it affects individual differences in children's gender-typed views.
Chapter 11: Physical Development in Middle Childhood
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118 Verified Questions
118 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23635
Sample Questions
Q1) Studies reveal that children who __________ are more likely to be overweight later in life.
A) eat more slowly
B) get less nightly sleep
C) have limited TV access
D) are responsive to internal hunger cues
Q2) About one-third of U.S. children with chronic illnesses have A) diabetes.
B) cystic fibrosis.
C) sickle cell anemia.
D) asthma.
Q3) Gray matter
A) replaces white matter in middle childhood.
B) consists largely of myelinated nerve fibers.
C) increases steadily throughout childhood and adolescence.
D) declines as synaptic pruning and death of surrounding neurons proceed.
Q4) List and describe common factors associated with childhood obesity.
Q5) List some interventions for chronically ill children that foster positive family relationships, help parents and children cope with the disease, and improve adjustment.
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Chapter 12: Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood
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121 Verified Questions
121 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23636
Sample Questions
Q1) In middle childhood, children's attitude toward language undergoes a fundamental shift as they develop
A) metalinguistic awareness.
B) linguistic reasoning.
C) a theory of language.
D) systemic linguistics.
Q2) White children's narratives are usually __________ than those of African-American children.
A) shorter and less complex
B) longer and more complex
C) about the same length as
D) more focused on social relationships
Q3) Reciprocal teaching focuses on which four cognitive strategies?
A) discussion, practice, segment, and reading
B) elaboration, rehearsal, chunking, and repetition
C) challenging, digesting, comparing, and evaluating
D) questioning, summarizing, clarifying, and predicting
Q4) Describe Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of successful intelligence.
Q5) Discuss school-age children's spatial-reasoning skills as it relates to their understanding of cognitive maps.
Page 15
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Chapter 13: Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood
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117 Verified Questions
117 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23637
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following parents is most likely to pay child support regularly?
A) Betty, a noncustodial mother who sees her son only occasionally
B) George, a noncustodial father who has supervised visitation with his son
C) Frank, a noncustodial father who sees his daughter often
D) Willa, a noncustodial mother who has no visitation rights
Q2) A summary of findings from many studies confirm that children who experience guilt following transgressions
A) tend to be well-adjusted.
B) are prone to adjustment problems.
C) have increase problems with coping.
D) experience impaired perspective taking.
Q3) Six-year-old Aliou lives in a Baka village where each day he fetches water and minds his younger siblings. According to Erikson, Aliou will most likely develop a sense of A) inferiority.
B) initiative.
C) autonomy.
D) industry.
Q4) Describe some of the consequences of child sexual abuse from early childhood to adulthood.
Page 16
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