Paramedic Science
Textbook Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Paramedic Science is a dynamic and interdisciplinary field that equips students with the essential knowledge and practical skills required to provide advanced emergency medical care in pre-hospital environments. This course covers key topics such as anatomy and physiology, trauma management, pharmacology, patient assessment, and medical ethics, while emphasizing critical decision-making, leadership, and effective communication in high-pressure situations. Through a combination of theoretical instruction, clinical placements, and simulated scenarios, students learn to manage a wide range of medical emergencies, ensuring the highest standards of patient care and safety in diverse and challenging settings.
Recommended Textbook
ECGs Made Easy 6th Edition by Barbara J Aehlert
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10 Chapters
507 Verified Questions
507 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Anatomy and Physiology
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Sample Questions
Q1) The tricuspid valve is _____.
A) a semilunar valve
B) located between the left ventricle and aorta
C) located between the right atrium and right ventricle
D) located between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery
Answer: C
Q2) The ______ chambers receive blood from the vena cava and coronary sinus. Answer: right atrium
Q3) What effects can be expected from sympathetic stimulation of the heart?
Answer: Sympathetic stimulation of the heart results in increased heart rate, force of contraction, conduction velocity, blood pressure, and cardiac output.
Q4) Stimulation of alpha1 receptors results in _____.
A) increased heart rate
B) peripheral vasoconstriction
C) constriction of bronchial smooth muscle
D) increased force of myocardial contraction
Answer: B
Q5) Define systole.
Answer: Contraction or the ejection of blood from a chamber of the heart.
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Chapter 2: Basic Electrophysiology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Generally speaking, what is the normal duration of a QT interval?
Answer: The duration of the QT interval varies according to age, gender, and particularly heart rate. If the QT interval is less than half the RR interval, it is probably normal.
Q2) Which of the following is the first positive deflection seen on the ECG after the P wave?
A) Q wave
B) R wave
C) S wave
D) T wave
Answer: B
Q3) _____ is the ability of cardiac pacemaker cells to spontaneously initiate an electrical impulse without being stimulated from another source, such as a nerve.
A) Excitability
B) Conductivity
C) Automaticity
D) Contractility
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Sinus Mechanisms
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Sample Questions
Q1) An ECG rhythm strip shows a ventricular rate of 46 beats/min, a regular rhythm, a PR interval of 0.14 second, a QRS duration of 0.06 second, and one upright P wave before each QRS. This rhythm is _____.
A) sinus rhythm
B) sinus bradycardia
C) sinus arrest
D) sinoatrial block
Answer: B
Q2) In sinus arrhythmia, a gradual increasing of the heart rate is usually associated with
A) expiration
B) inspiration
C) excessive caffeine intake
D) early signs of heart failure
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Atrial Rhythms
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Sample Questions
Q1) The most common type of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is _____.
A) atrial tachycardia
B) atrial flutter
C) AV reentrant tachycardia (AVRT)
D) AV nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT)
Q2) Atrial fibrillation is characterized by _____.
A) one P wave before each QRS and a regular ventricular rate of 60 to 100 beats/min
B) an erratic, wavy baseline and irregular ventricular rhythm
C) "saw-tooth"- or "picket-fence"-shaped waveforms preceding each QRS
D) P waves occurring before, during, or after the QRS complex; when seen, they are inverted
Q3) Delivery of an electrical current timed for delivery during the QRS complex is called
Q4) The presence of an accessory pathway should be considered in atrial fibrillation with a ventricular rate faster than 180 beats/min.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Junctional Rhythms
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Sample Questions
Q1) A beat originating from the AV junction that appears later than the next expected sinus beat is called a(n) _______________.
Q2) The usual rate of nonparoxysmal junctional tachycardia is _____ beats/min.
A) 50 to 80
B) 80 to 120
C) 101 to 140
D) 150 to 300
Q3) In a junctional rhythm viewed in lead II, where is the location of the P wave on the ECG if atrial and ventricular depolarization occur simultaneously?
A) Before the QRS complex
B) During the QRS complex
C) After the QRS complex
Q4) A beat originating from the AV junction that appears later than the next expected sinus beat is called a _____.
A) junctional escape beat
B) period of SA block
C) premature junctional complex (PJC)
D) premature atrial complex (PAC)
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Chapter 6: Ventricular Rhythms
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Sample Questions
Q1) List four reasons when the ventricles may assume responsibility for pacing the heart.
Q2) The rate of an idioventricular rhythm is _____ beats/min.
A) 20 to 40
B) 41 to 60
C) 61 to 100
D) 101 to 180
Q3) The term premature ventricular complex is technically more correct than premature ventricular contraction.
A)True
B)False
Q4) List four common causes of premature ventricular complexes.
Q5) Sustained monomorphic VT is often associated with underlying heart disease, particularly myocardial ischemia, and rarely occurs in patients without underlying structural heart disease.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Medications to suppress an idioventricular rhythm should generally be avoided.
A)True
B)False
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Atrioventricular Blocks
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Sample Questions
Q1) A 2:1 AV block is characterized by _____ intervals.
A) irregular P to P
B) irregular R to R
C) regular P to P intervals and regular R to R
D) irregular P to P intervals and regular R to R
Q2) In second-degree AV block type I, the PR interval _____.
A) shortens
B) is absent
C) is inconstant
D) remains constant
Q3) The ventricular rhythm is regular in second-degree AV block type I.
A)True
B)False
Q4) An ECG rhythm strip shows a regular ventricular rhythm at a rate of 30 beats/min, more P waves than QRS complexes (the P waves occur regularly), a variable PR interval, and a QRS duration of 0.14 second. This rhythm is _____.
A) 2:1 AV block
B) third-degree AV block
C) second-degree AV block type I
D) second-degree AV block type II
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Pacemaker Rhythms
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Sample Questions
Q1) The second letter of the pacemaker identification code represents _____.
A) programmable functions
B) the chamber sensed
C) the mode of response
D) the chamber paced
Q2) Capture is _____.
A) the electrical stimulus delivered by a pacemaker's pulse generator
B) a vertical line on the ECG that indicates the pacemaker has discharged
C) the time measured between a sensed cardiac event and the next pacemaker output
D) the ability of a pacing stimulus to successfully depolarize the cardiac chamber that is being paced
Q3) A demand pacemaker is also known as a _____ pacemaker.
Q4) Explain the benefits of a dual-chamber pacemaker.
Q5) A(n) __________ is a vertical line on the ECG that indicates the artificial pacemaker has discharged.
Q6) Your patient has a DDD pacemaker. Briefly explain the meaning of each of these letters.
Q7) Your patient has a VVI pacemaker. Briefly explain the meaning of each of these letters.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Introduction to the 12-Lead Electrocardiogram
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Sample Questions
Q1) List the ECG leads that view the heart in the horizontal plane, allowing a view of the front and left side of the heart.
Q2) Placement of right chest leads is identical to the standard chest leads except on the right side of the chest.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Lead V<sub>5</sub> views the _____ wall of the left ventricle.
A) lateral
B) anterior
C) posterior
D) inferior
Q4) Lead V? views the _____.
A) septum
B) inferior wall of the left ventricle
C) lateral wall of the right ventricle
D) anterior wall of the right ventricle
Q5) When reviewing a 12-lead ECG, intervals and duration are usually expressed in _____.
Q6) The coronary arteries originate at the base of the _____.
Q7) Explain the meaning of the letters in aVR, aVL, and aVF.
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Chapter 10: Posttest
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Sample Questions
Q1) Where is the positive electrode placed in lead III?
A) Right arm
B) Left arm
C) Left leg or foot
D) Right leg or foot
Q2) The inferior surface of the left ventricle is supplied by the _____ coronary artery in most of the population.
A) left
B) right
Q3) The term ectopic refers to an extra muscle bundle consisting of working myocardial tissue that forms a connection between the atria and ventricles outside the normal conduction system.
A)True
B)False
Q4) An accessory pathway that has one end attached to normal conductive tissue is called a(n) __________.
Q5) List five signs or symptoms of decreased cardiac output.
Q6) When is the term intraventricular conduction delay used?
Q7) When reviewing a 12-lead ECG, intervals and duration are usually expressed in _____.
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