Overview of Criminal Justice Systems Exam Preparation Guide
Course Introduction
This course provides a comprehensive introduction to the principles, structures, and processes that underpin criminal justice systems both in the United States and internationally. Students will explore the roles and functions of key institutions, including law enforcement, courts, and corrections, and examine how these components interact to uphold laws and administer justice. Emphasis is placed on the historical evolution of criminal justice systems, the theoretical foundations of justice, and contemporary issues such as crime trends, policy development, and the impact of social, economic, and cultural factors. The course aims to develop a foundational understanding of how justice is pursued and maintained in diverse societies.
Recommended Textbook
Introduction to Criminology 3rd Edition by Anthony Walsh
Available Study Resources on Quizplus
15 Chapters
797 Verified Questions
797 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/2250 Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction and Overview of Crime and Criminology
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
54 Verified Questions
54 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/44698
Sample Questions
Q1) Cesare Lombroso's concept of the "born criminal" is also known as his theory of
A) Atavism
B) Ideal types
C) Phrenology
D) Somatotypes
Answer: A
Q2) When criminologists study _____,they study individuals who commit harmful acts,regardless of the legal status of those acts.
A) Crime
B) Criminology
C) Criminality
D) Law
Answer: C
Q3) A hypothesis is best described as a set of interconnected propositions that explain how phenomena are related.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Page 3
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 2: Measuring Crime and Criminal Behavior
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
52 Verified Questions
52 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/44699
Sample Questions
Q1) The UCR and NCVS agree that most offenders and victims of crime are:
A) Female
B) Middle-Aged
C) Wealthy
D) Young
Answer: D
Q2) Self-report studies are the most appropriate for gathering information on:
A) The nature of serious crime.
B) Gender and racial differences in antisocial behavior.
C) The extent of minor offenses.
D) The rates of crime that are reported to the police.
Answer: C
Q3) "NCVS" stands for "National Crime Victimization Survey."
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) How are crime rates calculated?
Answer: A crime rate is the actual number of reported crimes standardized by some unit of the population.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 4
Chapter 3: The Early Schools of Criminology and Modern Counterparts
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
54 Verified Questions
54 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/44700
Sample Questions
Q1) Beccaria's work can be summarized as arguing that:
A) Crime is the result of forces outside of an individual's control.
B) Capitalism is at the root of most crimes.
C) The punishment should fit the crime.
D) Crime rates are related to geography.
Answer: C
Q2) Define "hedonism."
Answer: A doctrine whose central tenet is that the achievement of pleasure is the main goal of life.
Q3) The argument that crime can be reduced by increasing individuals' sense of ownership and generating a sense of belonging in an area is consistent with the idea of _____.
A) Atavism
B) Defensible Space
C) General Deterrence
D) Hedonism
Answer: B
Q4) According to routine activities theory,what are the three components that combine for crime to occur?
Answer: Motivated offender,suitable target,and the lack of a capable guardian.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 5
Chapter 4: Social Structural Theories
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
53 Verified Questions
53 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/44701
Sample Questions
Q1) Shaw and McKay noted that the majority of delinquents always came from the same neighborhood regardless of the ethnic composition of those neighborhoods.
A)True
B)False
Q2) _____ exists in small,isolated,and self-sufficient pre-state societies in which individuals share common values and develops strong emotional ties to the collectivity.
A) Organic solidarity
B) Mechanical solidarity
C) Natural solidarity
D) Communal solidarity
Q3) According to Cohen,lower-class youth desire approval and status,but because they cannot meet middle-class criteria,they become frustrated.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is "collective efficacy"?
Q5) Compare and contrast Albert Cohen's subcultural theory to Walter Miller's theory of focal concerns.How are the two alike? How are they different?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 6
Chapter 5: Social Process Theories
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
56 Verified Questions
56 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/44702
Sample Questions
Q1) According to Gottfredson and Hirschi,what is the source of low self-control?
Q2) Identify the four elements of social bond according to Travis Hirschi's theory.Provide examples of each type of bond.Finally,consider the policy implications of this theory-how might society work to strengthen each of the four bonds?
Q3) According to Lemert,_____ deviance is the initial nonconforming act that comes to the attention of the authorities.
A) Primary
B) Secondary
C) Tertiary
D) Formal
Q4) _____ shifts the focus from the actor (the criminal)to the reactor (i.e.,the criminal justice system)in exploring the causes of crime.
A) Social control theory
B) Social bond theory
C) Neutralization theory
D) Labeling theory
Q5) What is the difference between reinforcement and punishment?
Q6) How does primary deviance differ from secondary deviance?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 7
Chapter 6: Critical Theories: Marxist, Conflict, and Feminist
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
53 Verified Questions
53 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/44703
Sample Questions
Q1) The _____ problem refers to the question of whether traditional male-centered theories of crime apply to women.
A) Emancipation
B) Gender ratio
C) Gender inequality
D) Generalizability
Q2) Compare and contrast the core arguments and the policy implications of Marxist criminology and peacemaking criminology.
Q3) _____ justice is a system of mediation and conflict resolution that is focused on repairing the harm that has been caused by crime.
A) Emancipatory
B) Modified Punitive
C) Proletarian
D) Restorative
Q4) The name most closely associated with peacemaking criminology is _____.
A) Karl Marx
B) George Vold
C) Richard Quinney
D) Willem Bonger
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 8
Chapter 7: Psychosocial Theories: Individual Traits and Criminal Behavior
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
54 Verified Questions
54 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/44704
Sample Questions
Q1) In a phenomenon referred to as the "intellectual imbalance," it has been found that offenders tend to score lower than the overall population on the _____ intelligence sub-scale,but not on the _____ intelligence sub-scale.
A) Performance; Verbal
B) Verbal; Performance
C) None of the above; this term is used to refer to the disparity between offenders and non-offenders on the full-scale IQ test.
D) None of the above; no IQ difference has been found between offenders and non-offenders.
Q2) Individuals with a readily aroused _____ are easily socialized.
A) ANS
B) EEG
C) PCL-R
D) RAS
Q3) Many studies have indicated that the lower the level of empathy/altruism,the higher the likelihood of antisocial behavior.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 9
Chapter 8: Biosocial Approaches
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
51 Verified Questions
51 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/44705
Sample Questions
Q1) One of the issues with biosocial studies of crime is that they are far more expensive to conduct than most social science studies.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A person with which of the following characteristics is more likely to engage in antisocial behavior?
A) A person with a weak BAS
B) A person with a strong BIS
C) A person with a strong flight/flight system
D) A damaged prefrontal cortex
Q3) The approach of _____ explores human behavior in reference to the ways that humans have changed throughout history.
A) Behavior genetics
B) Evolutionary psychology
C) Neuroscience
D) Psychology
Q4) According to reward dominance theory,what causes crime?
Q5) List and describe the three types of G/E correlation.Provide an example of each.
Q6) Why do behavior geneticists use twin and adoption studies?
Page 10
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 9: Developmental Theories: From Delinquency to
Crime to Desistance
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
54 Verified Questions
54 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/44706
Sample Questions
Q1) Describe integrated cognitive antisocial potential theory.What policy implications might result from this theory? Support your answer with what you have learned in this text.
Q2) According to Farrington,individuals with _____ AP may temporarily increase their AP in response to certain situations or inducements.
A) Long-term
B) Short-term
C) Covert
D) Overt
Q3) _____ theories are dynamic in that they emphasize that individuals develop along different pathways and over the course of their lives.
A) Biological
B) Developmental
C) Psychological
D) Social
Q4) What is a risk factor?
Q5) ADHD is strongly associated with antisocial behavior.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 11
Chapter 10: Violent Crimes
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
50 Verified Questions
50 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/44707
Sample Questions
Q1) According to the World Health Organization,_____ has the lowest homicide rate in the world.
A) Columbia
B) France
C) Japan
D) The United States
Q2) Identify one characteristic associated with a disproportionate risk for rape victimization.
Q3) Briefly explain the feminist theory of rape.
Q4) Most murders in the contemporary United States are:
A) Committed by males against females.
B) Committed by blacks against whites.
C) Committed by whites against Latinos.
D) Intraracial and intrasexual.
Q5) How might each of the following theoretical perspectives explain the crime of robbery? 1)Sociology; 2)Psychology; 3)Evolutionary Biology
Q6) What is an "honor subculture"?
Q7) Identify one factor that makes it difficult to compare rape rates between nations.
Q8) Identify two symptoms of rape trauma syndrome.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 12
Chapter 11: Property Crimes
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
55 Verified Questions
55 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/44709
Sample Questions
Q1) In order to be defined as "burglary" in the present day,a crime must:
A) Result in substantial financial loss to the victim.
B) Involve the unlawful entry into a structure.
C) Involve the use of force.
D) Take place during the night.
Q2) Some shoplifters engage in shoplifting as a primary source of income.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What distinguishes grand theft from petty theft?
Q4) The fact that shoplifters report engaging in the crime because it is easy,low-risk,and abundant in opportunity is consistent with which theory of crime?
A) Differential Association Theory
B) Rational Choice Theory
C) Social Bond Theory
D) Strain Theory
Q5) Counterfeiting is one form of:
A) Embezzlement.
B) Forgery.
C) Fraud.
D) Larceny.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 13
Chapter 11: A: Multiple Murder and Terrorism
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
50 Verified Questions
50 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/44708
Sample Questions
Q1) Most serial killers:
A) Are dysfunctional loners.
B) Are white females.
C) Cannot stop killing until they are caught or they die.
D) Plan their crimes carefully to avoid detection.
Q2) _____ is defined by the FBI as meaning "the unlawful use of force or violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce in furtherance of political or social goals."
A) Aggravated assault
B) Forceful intmidation
C) Political crime
D) Terrorism
Q3) Which theory emphasizes the role of family,pointing to maternal deprivation in childhood as a central influence on serial killers?
A) Anomie/Strain
B) Differential Association
C) Labeling
D) Social Control
Q4) Define "serial murder."
Q5) Identify and describe two typologies of serial killers.
Page 14
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 13: Public Order Crime
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
53 Verified Questions
53 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/44710
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following provides the most accurate description of the relationship between drugs and crime?
A) Drug use and other forms of crime appear rooted in a general propensity toward deviant behaviors.
B) There is clear evidence that those who begin to use drugs are then drawn into other criminal behavior.
C) There is clear evidence that those who commit crimes are then drawn to drug use.
D) There is no apparent relationship between drug use and other forms of criminal activity.
Q2) The passage of the Harrison Act led to an increase in drug addictions in the United States.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The only legal brothels operating in the United States are in:
A) Alabama
B) California
C) Georgia
D) Nevada
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
15
Chapter 14: White-Collar and Organized Crime
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
54 Verified Questions
54 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/44711
Sample Questions
Q1) The view of La Cosa Nostra as a loose connection of criminal groups held together by kinship and patronage is known as the _____ model.
A) Corporate
B) Feudal
C) Hierarchical
D) Organizational
Q2) Do you think that the motives of occupational criminals are the same as,or different than,those of street criminals? Support your answer with what you have learned in class.
Q3) The Russian Mafiya is considered to be the most serious organized crime threat in the world today.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Criteria for involvement in La Cosa Nostra includes which of the following?
A) Male.
B) Being of Italian descent.
C) Having proven criminal expertise.
D) All of the above.
Q5) What is the Sarbanes-Oxley Act?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 16
Chapter 15: Victimology: Exploring the Experience of Victimization
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
54 Verified Questions
54 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/44712
Sample Questions
Q1) Most murders of spouses and boyfriends by women are _____.
A) Related to mental illness
B) Unprovoked
C) Unsolved
D) Victim precipitated
Q2) The Crime Victims' Bill of Rights guarantees victims the right to be reasonably protected from the accused.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following is ?not an occupation most at risk for workplace violence?
A) Postal worker
B) Police officer
C) Corrections officer
D) Taxi driver
Q4) Which of the following decreases individuals' risk of victimization?
A) Aging.
B) Being married.
C) Increasing household income.
D) All of the above.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 17