Overview of Criminal Justice Pre-Test Questions
Course Introduction
This course provides a comprehensive introduction to the American criminal justice system, exploring its three major components: law enforcement, the courts, and corrections. Students will examine the history, structure, and function of each segment, gaining insight into how laws are created and enforced, how the judicial process operates, and how correctional practices are applied. The course emphasizes key concepts such as crime definitions, criminal procedures, due process, and the roles played by various professionals throughout the justice system. Contemporary challenges, reforms, and issues related to ethics, policy, and diversity are also discussed to offer a broad perspective on the administration of justice in society.
Recommended Textbook
Essentials of Criminal Justice 7th Edition by Larry J. Siegel
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14 Chapters
840 Verified Questions
840 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Crime and Criminal Justice
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60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Almost ____ percent of all cases end in a plea bargain, rather than a criminal trial.
A)60
B)70
C)80
D)90
Answer: D
Q2) Less serious felonies make up the bottom layer (Level 4) of the criminal justice system wedding cake.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) The criminal justice system is vast and costs federal, state, and local governments:
A)About $65 billion per year.
B)About $115 billion per year.
C)About $165 billion per year.
D)About $215 billion per year.
Answer: D
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Page 3
Chapter 2: The Nature of Crime and Victimization
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60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the social, economic, personal, and demographic factors suggested by experts to account for the recent crime drop in the United States.
Answer: Answer not provided.
Q2) The ____________________ view of crime suggests that moral entrepreneurs define crime.
Answer: Interactionist
Q3) The ____________________ is one who has serious and persistent brushes with the law and whose behavior may be excessively violent and destructive.
Answer: chronic/career offender/criminal
Q4) Which view of crime suggests that criminal law is structured to reflect the preferences and opinions of people who hold social power in a particular legal jurisdiction?
A)Conflict
B)Consensus
C)Interactionist
D)Moral entrepreneur
Answer: C
Q5) Crime, most simply, is a violation of ____________________.
Answer: criminal law
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Chapter 3: Criminal Law: Substance and Procedure
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60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The roots of criminal law in the United States can be directly traced to the Bible.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Discuss the historical development of criminal law.
Answer: Answer not provided.
Q3) Which legal standard of mental illness is used by present federal law?
A)"Didn't know what he was doing or didn't know it was wrong."
B)"Could not control his conduct."
C)"Lacks substantial capacity to appreciate the wrongfulness of his conduct or to control it."
D)"Lacks capacity to appreciate the wrongfulness of his conduct."
Answer: D
Q4) What element must be present in order for the excuse of necessity to be valid?
A)The victim consented.
B)No means of escape were available.
C)The harm to be avoided was greater than the offense charged.
D)The offense was based on a presumptive conclusion of mens rea.
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Police in Society: History and Organization
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60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is one of the new technologies being developed that may reduce charges of racial profiling?
A)Mobile computer systems
B)Discretionless policing
C)Electronic bulletin boards
D)Augmented reality technology
Q2) What were the hallmarks of policing during the 1960s?
A)Political corruption
B)Turmoil and crisis
C)Political influence and bribery
D)All of these
Q3) Elaborate on the problems confronting today's police departments. How do these compare to the challenges faced during early days of policing?
Q4) Which of the following officers was part of the watch system of policing that thrived in 13 century England?
A)Watchmen
B)Shire reeve
C)Justice of the peace
D)All of the above
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Chapter 5: The Police: Role and Function
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60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Is the time-in-rank system of police promotion an antiquated practice? What are its advantages and disadvantages?
Q2) What have evaluations of foot patrol programs in New Jersey and Michigan demonstrated?
A)The crime rate went down in foot patrol beats.
B)The crime rate went up in foot patrol beats.
C)Officer job satisfaction increased.
D)Citizen attitudes toward the police improved.
Q3) Which of the following is not a focus of community policing?
A)Order maintenance
B)Emergency service
C)Crime fighting
D)Problem solving
Q4) Aggressive patrol in New York City during the 1990s has been credited with a reduction in:
A)prostitution
B)violent crime
C)drug dealing
D)property crime
Q5) Explain the major purposes of patrol and how patrols can be improved.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Issues in Policing: Professional, Social, and Legal
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Sample Questions
Q1) What pattern does research reveal regarding officers' involvement in use-of-force incidents?
A)There is little evidence that use-of-force incidents are racially motivated.
B)A small portion of officers account for a sizable portion of the abuses.
C)Problem officers tend to be young and inexperienced members of the force.
D)All of the above are correct.
Q2) In 1914, in Weeks v. United States, the Court established the exclusionary rule.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The higher the percentage of black officers on the police force, the higher the arrest rates for crimes such as assault.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The Supreme Court has created a good faith exception to the exclusionary rule which indicates that evidence is admissible in court if the police officers acted in good faith by first obtaining court approval for their search, even if the warrant they received was deficient or faulty.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: Courts, Prosecution, and the Defense
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60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Courts of general jurisdiction are also known as what?
A)Appellate courts
B)Municipal courts
C)District courts
D)Felony courts
Q2) The federal court system is organized around a ____________________ hierarchy of court jurisdiction.
Q3) Courts of general jurisdiction are sometimes called municipal courts.
A)True
B)False
Q4) How many tiers are there in the federal court system? A)1
Q5) What is the name of the judiciary intranet?
A)FED Net
B)Court Net
C)Court TV
D)J-Net
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Pretrial and Trial Procedures
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compare and contrast the grand jury and preliminary hearing models.
Q2) Which of the following was the reason for the speedy trail guarantee according to the court?
A)To improve the credibility of the trial
B)To avoid extensive pretrial publicity and questionable conduct of officials
C)To reduce the anxiety for the defendant awaiting trial
D)All of the above
Q3) The _____ Amendment contains the confrontation clause.
A)First
B)Fourth
C)Sixth
D)Fourteenth
Q4) Some scholars contend that bail is problematic because it:
A)is a weak incentive to show up to court.
B)creates fear and coercion in the defendant.
C)is discriminatory to the poor.
D)is not guaranteed under the law.
Q5) A nolo contendere (no contest) plea is essentially the same as a guilty plea.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Punishment and Sentencing
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Sample Questions
Q1) The determinate sentence is still the most widely used type of sentence in the United States.
A)True
B)False
Q2) By punishing an offender severely as an example to others achieves the goal of: A)general deterrence.
B)rehabilitation .
C)specific deterrence.
D)incapacitation.
Q3) Opponents of the death penalty argue that the ____________________ of the death penalty may produce more violence.
Q4) The ____________________ goal of punishment means that an offender must pay back the victim for their loss.
Q5) ____________________ relies on a fixed term of incarceration set in law by the legislature.
Q6) Elaborate on the arguments for and against capital punishment.
Q7) The death penalty is used in all states and by the federal government. A)True
B)False
11
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Chapter 10: Community Sentences: Probation, Intermediate
Sanctions, and Restorative Justice
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the basic principles of restorative justice, the first priority of the justice process is to:
A)restore the community to the degree possible.
B)assist the victim(s).
C)shame the offender.
D)treat all offenders equally.
Q2) Community service is an example of what?
A)Forfeiture
B)Shock incarceration
C)Restitution
D)Intensive probation supervision
Q3) Many scholars argue that probation will continue to be the sentence of choice in both felony and misdemeanor cases because it:
A)controls for recidivism better than other intermediate sanctions.
B)holds the promise of great financial savings.
C)best fulfills the promise of rehabilitation.
D)is justified in the ladder of punishment as a just-desert sanction based on the severity of the criminal act.
Q4) Describe the strengths and weaknesses of shock probation and split sentencing.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Corrections: History, Institutions, and Populations
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Sample Questions
Q1) The primary purpose of a maximum-security prison is:
A)rehabilitation.
B)security.
C)deterrence.
D)silence.
Q2) The "modern" American correctional system has its origins in New York.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Discuss the role of technology in improving prison security.
Q4) What is the name for the system that allowed prison officials to sell the labor of inmates to private businesses?
A)Property in service system
B)Guardian system
C)Contract system
D)Convict-lease system
Q5) Rehabilitation has come to replace incapacitation as the guiding philosophy in modern prisons.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Discuss correctional trends that have occurred during the past fifty years. Page 13
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Page 14
Chapter 12: Prison Life: Living in and Leaving Prison
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not believed to be a reason that people fail on parole?
A)Parolees are released into the same environment which contributed to their deviant behavior in the first place.
B)Personal deficits that led to an offender's imprisonment are not addressed by institutionalization.
C)The prison experience itself focuses more on punitive efforts than rehabilitation.
D)The parole system places unrealistic expectations on ex-offenders that they cannot possibly meet.
Q2) The inmate balance theory of the cause of collective violence suggests that riots and other forms of collective action occur when prison officials make an abrupt effort to take control of the prison and limit freedoms.
A)True
B)False
Q3) New inmates are often called "newjacks."
A)True
B)False
Q4) Elaborate three substantive rights granted to prisoners by the courts.
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15
Chapter 13: The Juvenile Justice System
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Sample Questions
Q1) An adjudication is also called a(n) ____________________ hearing.
Q2) Discuss the three reform efforts that have been undertaken in the area of juvenile sentencing. How might these reforms change the juvenile justice system?
Q3) Which 19 century program was similar to a modern foster home?
A)The house of refuge
B)The Children's Aid Society
C)The Child Savers United Agency
D)The typical house of reformation
Q4) Federal courts have ruled that bail is guaranteed to juveniles.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The ____________________ is the proceeding in which the court decides on the most appropriate treatment for a delinquent.
Q6) What happens during the fact-finding hearing?
A)Evidence is heard.
B)The offender is adjudicated.
C)A bail decision is made.
D)The case is screened by probation officers.
Q7) Discuss the shifts in U.S. juvenile justice philosophy that began in the 1960s.
Page 16
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Chapter 14: Criminal Justice in the New Millennium: Terrorism,
Homeland Security, and Cyber
Crime
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60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cyber crime is challenging because:
A)it is difficult to detect through traditional law enforcement channels.
B)it is rapidly evolving.
C)its control demands that agents of the justice system develop technical skills.
D)All of these
Q2) According to the United States Criminal Code, a first-time illegal copyright offender will be fined $250,000. A second-time offender will receive 5 years incarceration.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Cyber terrorism may result in a battered economy in which the government is forced to spend more on the military and cut back on social programs and education.
A)True
B)False
Q4) ____________________ is illegal behavior that targets the security of computer systems and/or the data accessed and processed by computer networks.
Q5) Compare and contrast two of the prevailing views on the motivation of terrorists.
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