Overview of Criminal Justice Midterm Exam
Course Introduction
This course provides a comprehensive introduction to the American criminal justice system, exploring its three main components: law enforcement, the courts, and corrections. Students will examine the historical development, structure, and functions of each component, as well as their interrelationships in maintaining social order and administering justice. The course also covers key concepts, terminology, current issues, and challenges faced by justice professionals, offering insight into topics such as crime control, due process, juvenile justice, and the impact of public policy. Through real-world examples and case studies, students will gain a foundational understanding of the principles, practices, and complexities that define the criminal justice field.
Recommended Textbook Criminal Justice A Brief Introduction 12th Edition by Frank Schmalleger
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Page 2
Chapter 1: What Is Criminal Justice
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following refers to crime fighting strategies that have been scientifically tested and are based on social science research?
A) Crime Control Model
B) Evidence Based Practice
C) Social Control Model
D) Criminology
Answer: B
Q2) Which of the following had a profound effect on individual rights by the 1980s?
A) The Civil Rights movement.
B) The Vietnam War.
C) Terrorism.
D) The increased use of drugs.
Answer: A
Q3) Indictment
Answer: A
Q4) Due Process is a right guaranteed only found in the Fifth Amendment to the U.S.Constitution.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Page 3
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Chapter 2: The Crime Picture
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Sample Questions
Q1) The unlawful taking or attempted taking of property by force or threat of force
A)Assault
B)Burglary
C)Robbery
D)Larceny
Answer: C
Q2) All of the following are Part I property crime offenses except:
A) Burglary.
B) Arson.
C) Larceny.
D) Robbery.
Answer: D
Q3) Nationally,crime statistics come from two major sources: the Uniform Crime Reporting Program (UCR)and
A) National Crime Victimization Survey of the Bureau of Justice Statistics
B) FBI arrests
C) State Reports
D) Corporate Crime
Answer: A
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Page 4
Chapter 3: The Search for Causes
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Sample Questions
Q1) All deviant behavior is a violation of the criminal law.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) A ________ is a set of interrelated propositions that attempt to describe,explain,predict and ultimately control some class of events.
A) somatotype
B) psychosis
C) theory
D) deviant
Answer: C
Q3) ________ is the study of pathological mental conditions - that is,mental illness.
A) Conditioning
B) Profiling
C) Conflict perspective
D) Psychopathology
Answer: D
Q4) Franz Joseph Gall is most closely associated with the __________ theories. Answer: Biological Theory
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Chapter 4: Criminal Law
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Sample Questions
Q1) What term expresses the belief that a society must be governed by established principles to maintain order?
A) rule of law
B) stare decisis
C) codification
D) inchoate
Q2) Evidence and arguments offered by a defendant and his or her attorney to show why the defendant should not be held liable for a criminal charge.
A)Excuse
B)Justification
C)Alibi
D)Defense
Q3) What is meant by the corpus delicti of a crime? How does the corpus delicti of a crime differ from the statutory elements that must be proved to convict a particular defendant of committing that crime?
Q4) What are the five categories of criminal law violations.Describe each and rank them in terms of seriousness.
Q5) What is the purpose of law? What would a society without laws be like?
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Chapter 5: Policing: History and Structure
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Sample Questions
Q1) National Park Service,US Park Police
A)Department of Homeland Security
B)Department of the Interior
C)Department of Justice
D)Department of Health and Human Services
Q2) ________ is an early form of police patrol in English cities and towns.
A) Scientific police management
B) Vigilantism
C) Nightwatch
D) Directed patrol
Q3) What is evidence-based policing? What assumptions about police work have scientific studies of law enforcement called into question? What other assumptions made about police work today might be similarly questioned or studied?
Q4) The first large scale scientific study of law enforcement practices was conducted in which American city?
A) New York
B) Philadelphia
C) Kansas City
D) Boston
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Chapter 6: Policing: Purpose and Organization
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not a benefit of educated police officers?
A) better written reports
B) fewer citizen complaints
C) better handgun skills
D) wiser use of discretion
Q2) The legalistic style of policing:
A) enforces the letter of the law.
B) seeks to legalize controversial forms of deviant behavior.
C) is marked by the order-maintenance function of the police.
D) requires police action in disruptive situations even if no law is broken.
Q3) ______________ is the physical area in which a crime is thought to have occurred and in which there is believed to be evidence.
Q4) POST is the acronym used by most states to:
A) set guidelines for community policing
B) define discretionary powers of police officers
C) set training standards for law enforcement officers
D) define ethical standards
Q5) We are presently in the community era of the style of policing.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: Policing: Legal Aspects
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Q1) Which 1960s U.S.Supreme Court dramatically changed the day-to-day practice of American policing?
A)Warren Court
B)Eisenhower Court
C)Rehnquist Court
D) Burger Court
Q2) The information gathering activity of police officers that involves direct question of suspects is known as:
A) search and seizure
B) Interrogation
C) fruits of the poisonous tree doctrine
D) reasonable suspicion
Q3) The U.S.Supreme Court ruled that informant information can establish probable cause if two criteria are met.Define the two criteria and cite the U.S.Supreme Court case that developed the two pronged test.
Q4) Motor vehicles present a special law enforcement problem.Discuss some of those problems and cite U.S.Supreme court cases that deal specifically with motor vehicles.
Q5) What is an arrest and when does it occur?
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Chapter 8: Policing: Issues and Challenges
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Sample Questions
Q1) Law enforcement supervisors can be held liable for the actions of the officers under their command.
A)True
B)False
Q2) __________ is the branch of a police organization tasked with investigating charges of wrongdoing involving members of the department.
Q3) Physical abuse of suspects.
A)Role malfeasance
B)Criminal enterprise
C)Violent crimes
D)Gratuities
Q4) The Law Enforcement Oath of Honor most closely resembles:
A) Law Enforcement Pledge of Allegiance
B) Law Enforcement Code of Ethics
C) Law Enforcement Code of Diligence
D) Law Enforcement Code of Reform
Q5) The Knapp Commission focused on corruption in the New York City Police Department.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: The Courts: Structure and Participants
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Sample Questions
Q1) At least one study suggests that some prosecutors have a tendency to be lenient toward female defendants but discriminate against ________ defendants when deciding whether to prosecute.
A) minority
B) elderly
C) juvenile
D) male
Q2) The U.S.Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit and the 12 regional courts of appeals are often referred to as circuit courts.Describe what the typical regional court of appeals looks like.How many judges are on a typical court,how long do they serve,how the chief justice selected,etc.
Q3) The U.S.District Courts are the:
A) trial courts for the federal system.
B) appellate courts for the federal system
C) courts of last resort for the federal system
D) civil courts for the federal system
Q4) Prosecutorial discretion is the decision-making power of prosecutors,which is based on the wide range of choices available to them.List and describe three of these areas.Include the benefits and pitfalls of each area.
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Chapter 10: Pretrial Activities and the Criminal Trial
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Sample Questions
Q1) List and define,thoroughly,four of the different stages of a criminal trial.Describe and explain the importance of each step and list them in the order that they occur.
Q2) Testimony given in a criminal trial is governed by many rules.Define testimony and the various obstacles that affect the admissibility of testimony,such as the hearsay rule.Be comprehensive in your answer citing examples of each rule that is discussed.
Q3) Grand juries are comprised of private citizens who hear evidence presented by the prosecution and often consist of _______________ members.
A) 12
B) 23
C) 39
D) 14
Q4) The defense learns,in the preliminary hearing or through pretrial discovery,of material that it believes to have been unlawfully acquired.
A)Motion to Dismiss Charges
B)Motion for Continuance
C)Motion for Discovery
D)Motion to Suppress Evidence
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Chapter 11: Sentencing
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________ circumstances are circumstances relating to the commission of a crime that may be considered to reduce the blameworthiness of the defendant.
Q2) ___________ directs the person detaining a prisoner to bring him or her before a judicial officer to determine the lawfulness of the imprisonment.
A) restorative justice
B) diversion
C) victim impact statement
D) Writ of Habeas Corpus
Q3) Victim Impact statements generally have a profound impact on the sentence that a defendant receives.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is the primary sentencing tool of the just deserts model?
A) fine
B) imprisonment
C) restitution
D) probation
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Chapter 12: Probation,parole,and Community Corrections
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Q1) The number of probation or parole clients assigned to one probation or parole officer for supervision is called their ______________.
Q2) What type of probation might require face-to-face contacts between the officer and the probationer five times a week,a mandatory curfew,having a job,and submitting to weekly alcohol and drug testing?
A) concentrated
B) intensive C) directed D) shock
Q3) A ____________________ is a sentence explicitly requiring the convicted offender to serve a period of confinement in a local,state,or federal facility,followed by a period of probation.
Q4) What are intermediate sanctions? Define the three distinct advantages that are found with intermediate sanctions.
Q5) A probation officer must get a search warrant before a search of a probationer's residence is permitted.
A)True B)False
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Chapter 13: Prisons and Jails
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Sample Questions
Q1) Lex Talionis is also known as:
A) The law of retaliation
B) The law of exile
C) The law of talent
D) The law of rated capacity
Q2) Privatization of prisons is a hot topic in today's discussion of inmate incarceration.List three advantages and three disadvantages for privatizing prisons.What are your views about privatization?
Q3) ___________ is most noted as the originator of what we know as today's early release program.
A) Sir Walter Crofton
B) Captain Alexander Maconochie
C) Zebulon Brockway
D) Robert Martinson
Q4) The Auburn system of imprisonment became popular during which prison era?
A) community-based
B) punitive
C) mass prison
D) penitentiary
Q5) ________ is the movement toward the wider use of private prisons.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Prison Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) Civil death refers to:
A)death row inmates who have exhausted all their appeals in state and federal appellate Courts.
B)any civil suit filed by an inmate.
C)inmates denied the opportunity to vote,hold public office,or enter into contracts.
D)prison administrators refusing access to the prison law library
Q2) A document filed in juvenile court alleging that a juvenile is a delinquent,a status offender,or a dependent and asking that the court assume jurisdiction over the juvenile is:
A) a juvenile summons.
B) a writ of habeas corpus.
C) a juvenile petition
D) a notice of adult jurisdiction
Q3) A blended sentence is a juvenile court disposition that imposes both a juvenile sanction and an adult criminal sentence upon an adjudicated delinquent.
A)True
B)False
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Drugs and Crime
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Sample Questions
Q1) Trafficking in persons (TIP)is the exploitation of unwilling or unwitting people through force,coercion,threat,or deception.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A 2011 report by the U.S.Department of Justice's National Drug Intelligence Center,entitled The Economic Impact of Illicit Drug Use on American Society,placed the annual national cost of illicit drug use in the United States at:
A) $303 Billion
B) $195 Billion
C) $193 Billion
D) $183 Billion
Q3) A foreign organization that engages in terrorist activity that threatens the security of U.S.nationals or the national security of the United States and that is so designated by the U.S.secretary of state.
A)narcoterrorism
B)domestic terrorism
C)foreign terrorist organization (FTO)
D)international terrorism
Q4) Define and compare and contrast Human Smuggling and Human Trafficking.
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