Orthopedic Physical Therapy
Exam Solutions
Course Introduction
Orthopedic Physical Therapy focuses on the evaluation, treatment, and management of musculoskeletal disorders affecting bones, joints, ligaments, muscles, and tendons. This course emphasizes evidence-based clinical reasoning, patient assessment techniques, and the development of individualized rehabilitation plans for a wide range of orthopedic conditions such as fractures, arthritis, sports injuries, and post-surgical cases. Students will learn therapeutic exercise prescription, manual therapy skills, and modalities to restore function, reduce pain, and promote mobility, preparing them for effective practice in orthopedic and rehabilitation settings.
Recommended Textbook
Joint Structure and Function 5th Edition by Pamela K. Levangie
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12 Chapters
299 Verified Questions
299 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/3869 Page 2
Chapter 1: Biomechanical Applications to Joint Structure and Function
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24 Verified Questions
24 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77116
Sample Questions
Q1) When you raise a cup to your mouth,a ________________of motion occurs at the elbow joint.
A) rotation only
B) translation only
C) translation and rotation
D) None of the above answers are correct.
Answer: C
Q2) What happens to the center of gravity (CoG)of the body when the body segments are rearranged? What happens to the CoG if the right upper extremity is amputated?
Answer: (1)The CoG shifts in the direction(s)of the location of the segments with the greatest mass.(2)The CoG shifts down and to the left once the mass of the right arm is removed,because the lower and left halves of the body are now relatively heavier.)
Q3) An eccentric muscle contraction is an example of a second-class lever system.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 2: Joint Structure and Function
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29 Verified Questions
29 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77115
Sample Questions
Q1) Define the motions of spin,slide,and roll as they relate to intra-articular joint motions? Which is most common within a joint?
Answer: Spin is rotation about a fixed axis.Slide is a pure translatory or linear movement of one surface upon another,and roll would be rolling of one surface upon another (as in a rocking chair).Generally,intra-articular surfaces slide and roll upon one another in an attempt to produce as close to a pure spin as possible.This is rarely,if ever,achieved.
Q2) Describe what happens when cartilage undergoes compression.What are the factors that determine the response,and how does each factor affect it?
Answer: When cartilage is compressed,the protein molecules (proteoglycans and glycoproteins)release some of the water content that is squeezed into or out of surrounding tissues.Collagen fibers may permit deformation of the tissue.The proportion of fluid exuded and tissue deformation are dependent upon the magnitude,rate,and duration of load.When a load is sustained for a period of time,the permeability of the cartilage decreases over that time period.Similarly,the rate of deformation is indirectly proportional to the magnitude of applied load.That is,for a unit compression of 1,the cartilage deforms unit 1.For a unit compression of 2,the cartilage may only deform an additional 1/2 unit.
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Chapter 3: Muscle Structure and Function
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24 Verified Questions
24 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77114
Sample Questions
Q1) Name four components of a motor unit.In what ways can these components vary among motor units?
Answer: Anterior horn cell (AHC),axon,motor end plate,and muscle fibers.The AHCs and axons may vary in size and thickness.Larger AHCs have larger axons,which conduct more rapidly (assuming myelination).The number of fibers may vary from motor unit to motor unit (each fiber has a motor end plate).Larger AHCs and thicker axons are associated with a greater number of fibers in the motor unit.
Q2) What is tenodesis? Give an example.
Answer: Tenodesis,or tendon action,occurs when a passive muscle is pulled upon and passively creates a joint motion.The classical example is when the wrist is flexed,with the relaxed fingers open because of the passive tension created in the stretched finger extensors.
Q3) The complete sarcomere unit lies within the boundaries of the
A) Z disks
B) A bands
C) H zone
D) M band
Answer: A
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Page 5
Chapter 4: The Vertebral Column
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36 Verified Questions
36 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77113
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following may contribute to a dysfunction of trunk deviation (L)with forward bending?
A) Tight erector spinae muscles (R)
B) Stiff facet joint capsule on (L)
C) Poor strength (L)internal and external oblique muscles
D) Facet joint osteophyte on (R)
Q2) What is the predominant motion of the lumbar region? Where is the most motion occurring? Contrast the mobility and stability demands of this area.
Q3) The (R)alar ligament limits ________________of C1 on C2.
A) (R)rotation
B) (L)rotation
C) Extension
D) Both (R)and (L)lateral flexion
Q4) Given the vertebral structure and orientation of the facet joints in the thoracic spine,which of the following motions would be most limited?
A) Lateral flexion
B) Rotation
C) Flexion
D) Extension
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Chapter 5: The Thorax and Chest Wall
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77112
Sample Questions
Q1) Which ligament attaches to the lateral tubercle of the costotransverse joint?
A) Costotransverse ligament
B) Lateral costotransverse ligament
C) Superior costotransverse ligament
Q2) How does pregnancy affect the biomechanics of the chest wall?
Q3) During respiration,motion occurs at both the costovertebral and costotransverse joints.Which of the following statements is true regarding the axis of motion and the type of motion that occurs at these joints?
A) The axis of motion of the upper ribs is close to the sagittal plane.
B) The axis of motion of the lower ribs is close to the frontal plane.
C) Motion of the upper ribs increases in the transverse (medial/lateral)diameter of the thorax.
D) The lateral end of the lower ribs is displaced laterally.
Q4) What makes up the interchondral joints?
Q5) Which of the following costovertebral joint structures attaches to the intervertebral disc?
A) Superior band of the radiate ligament
B) Superior costotransverse ligament
C) Intra-articular ligament
D) All of the above attach to the intervertebral disc.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: The Temporomandibular Joint
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18 Verified Questions
18 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Retrusion of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)is primarily limited by the:
A) Horizontal portion of the temporomandibular ligament
B) Stylomandibular ligament
C) Anterior portion of the temporomandibular joint capsule
Q2) Which of the following muscles is considered to be a prime mover for mandibular depression against resistance?
A) Digastric
B) Bilateral medial pterygoid
C) Masseter
D) Temporalis
Q3) Which of the following muscles is considered to be a prime mover for mandibular lateral deviation to the right?
A) Right masseter
B) Right medial and lateral pterygoid
C) Left medial and lateral pterygoid
D) Left temporalis
Q4) What is the significance of a "reciprocal click"?
Q5) Describe the attachments of the articular disc of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).
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Q6) Describe the articulations and functions of the upper and lower joint spaces.
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Chapter 7: The Shoulder Complex
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25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77110
Sample Questions
Q1) How would range and strength of abduction of the upper extremity be affected if the sternoclavicular joint were fused?
Q2) How would range and strength of abduction of the upper extremity be affected if there were paralysis of the infraspinatus,teres minor,and subscapularis muscles?
Q3) When a tennis player elevates her shoulder during a serve,the clavicle rolls in a(n)________________direction and glides in a(n)________________direction on the clavicular notch at the sternoclavicular joint.
A) superior,superior
B) inferior,inferior
C) superior,inferior
D) inferior,superior
Q4) What are the advantages to the coracoacromial arch? What are the disadvantages?
Q5) How would range and strength of abduction of the upper extremity be affected if there were paralysis of the deltoid muscle?
Q6) What muscular synergy does the teres major require to perform its function?
Q7) Why is the supraspinatus able to abduct the shoulder without additional muscular synergy?
Page 9
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Chapter 8: The Elbow Complex
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24 Verified Questions
24 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77109
Sample Questions
Q1) If there is no angulation between the long axis of the humerus and the long axis of the forearm,what condition exists?
Q2) Which of the following structures is the primary stabilizer of elbow to valgus stress between 20° and 120° flexion?
A) Quadrate ligament
B) Oblique cord
C) Annular ligament
D) Medial collateral ligament
Q3) During elbow extension from 90° flexion at the humeroradial joint,the radial head rolls in a(n)________________direction and glides in a(n)________________direction on the capitulum at the humeroradial joint.
A) anterior/cephalic,posterior/inferior
B) posterior/caudal,posterior/inferior
C) anterior/cephalic,anterior/inferior
D) posterior/caudal,anterior/inferior
Q4) When unresisted elbow extension against gravity is required,which of the elbow extensors is/are active?
Q5) What is the causative mechanism and the structure(s)involved in "Nursemaid's elbow"?
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Chapter 9: The Wrist and Hand Complex
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36 Verified Questions
36 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77108
Sample Questions
Q1) In abduction of the first carpometacarpal (CMC)joint,the first metacarpal would roll in a ________________direction and glide in a ________________direction on the trapezium.
A) volar,dorsal
B) radial,ulnar
C) volar,volar
D) radial,radial
Q2) Your patient demonstrates limited wrist flexion.Which of the following ligaments would be taut in full wrist flexion?
A) Volar radiocarpal ligaments
B) Dorsal radiocarpal ligaments
C) Radial collateral ligament
D) Quadrate ligament
Q3) At what points in the range do each of the following joint motions begin and end as the wrist moves from flexion to extension: (a)radiocarpal motion,(b)midcarpal motion,or (c)distal carpal row/scaphoid on lunate/triquetrum.
Q4) What secondary motions do the extensor pollicis longus,pollicis brevis,and abductor pollicis longus cause at the wrist? What synergy do they require to function effectively as thumb extensors?
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Chapter 10: The Hip Complex
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20 Verified Questions
20 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77107
Sample Questions
Q1) If an individual has a weak gluteus medius:
A) The hip joint compression forces are greater during single limb stance,which can lead to joint degeneration.
B) He or she will rarely present with a Trendelenburg gait.
C) He or she will often shift the trunk over the hip to eliminate the force the gluteus medius needs to produce for single limb stance.
D) Using a cane on the ipsilateral side is a good way to address the weakness.
Q2) The primary weight-bearing area of the acetabulum is the ________________portion.
A) superior-medial
B) inferior
C) inferior-medial
D) Weight is evenly borne throughout the entire surface of the acetabulum.
Q3) What is the close-packed position of the hip joint?
Q4) What is the role of the ligamentum teres at the hip joint?
Q5) Describe the ligaments of the hip joint.How does the capsule of the joint contribute to joint stability?
Q6) How can the two-joint hip muscles affect this rhythm?
Q7) What forces maintain A-P equilibrium of the hip joints in bilateral stance?
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Chapter 11: The Knee Complex
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22 Verified Questions
22 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77106
Sample Questions
Q1) What muscle is primarily responsible for unlocking the tibia when flexing the knee?
A) Sartorius
B) Biceps femoris
C) Popliteus
D) Plantaris
Q2) Describe the patellofemoral articulation,including the number and shape of the surfaces.
Q3) Which of the following structural abnormalities will contribute to an increased Q-angle?
A) Femoral retroversion
B) Tibial medial torsion
C) Femoral anteversion
D) Tight adductor muscles
Q4) What muscle group would you strengthen to provide dynamic stability for the loss of stability from a torn anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)?
A) Quadriceps muscles
B) Adductor muscles
C) Hamstring muscles
D) Gluteal muscles
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Chapter 12: The Ankle and Foot Complex
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26 Verified Questions
26 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77105
Sample Questions
Q1) Your patient injured his ankle when landing with his foot and ankle in an inverted and plantarflexed position.A ligament that limits these motions is torn.Which of the following ligaments would most likely be torn with this type of injury?
A) Posterior talofibular ligament
B) Anterior talofibular ligament
C) Superior fibers of the deltoid ligament
D) Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament
Q2) Which of the following statements best describes the windlass mechanism of the plantar aponeuroses (fascia)?
A) Passive flexion of the big toe causes the medial longitudinal arch to elevate.
B) Tension on the lateral calcaneus causes the lateral longitudinal arch to elevate.
C) Passive extension of the big toe causes the medial longitudinal arch to elevate.
D) Tension causes the axes of the midtarsal joints to become more parallel at push-off.
Q3) Describe the superior and inferior tibiofibular joints,including classification and their composite function.
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