Organizational Psychology
Exam Answer Key
Course Introduction
Organizational Psychology explores the application of psychological principles and research methods to understand human behavior in workplace settings. This course examines topics such as motivation, leadership, team dynamics, organizational structure, job satisfaction, and employee well-being. Students will learn how psychological theories are used to address issues related to recruitment, training, performance appraisal, diversity, conflict resolution, and organizational change. By analyzing both individual and group behavior within organizations, the course aims to equip students with the tools necessary to foster effective, ethical, and productive work environments.
Recommended Textbook
Organizational Behavior V. 2.0 by Talya
Bauer and Berrin Erdogan
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15 Chapters
2346 Verified Questions
2346 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Organizational Behavior
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143 Verified Questions
143 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A "shamrock organization" is comprised of one-third regular employees,one-third temporary employees,and one-third consultants and contractors.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Which of the following statements about case studies is true?
A)They involve a study conducted under controlled conditions.
B)They offer the researcher a very simple and effective way to generalize what worked in a single situation to many other situations.
C)They are a technique employed by researchers to summarize what other researchers found on a topic.
D)They are a way to gather data and explain a single event or situation in detail.
Answer: D
Q3) Les Schwab Tires,Inc.has built a reputation of stellar customer service.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 2: Managing Demographic and Cultural Diversity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cultural intelligence is
A)the ways in which people are similar or different from one another.
B)the values,beliefs and customs that exist in a society.
C)a person's capability to understand how a person's cultural background influences one's behavior.
D)the degree to which the society views an unequal distribution of power as acceptable.
Answer: C
Q2) The tendency for individuals to be attracted to similar individuals is called the ____________-_____________ phenomenon.
Answer: similarity/attraction
Q3) The Age Discrimination in Employment Act prohibits employment discrimination against individuals age __________ and over.
Answer: 40
Q4) Demographic traits like race,gender and age are part of _________ diversity.
Answer: surface -level
Q5) The values,beliefs and customs that exist in a society are the _________.
Answer: culture
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4
Chapter 3: Understanding People at Work: Individual
Differences and Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) The dramatic drop in sales was discussed at the weekly company meeting.The manufacturing manager kept looking at the production-related aspects of the problem while the marketing manager concentrated on the promotional aspects.__________ ___________ explains why these two managers were focusing on their specific areas and ignoring others.
Answer: Selective perception
Q2) In the preceding story,both Bill and the other players expressed concern about the referee's call.This demonstrates A)low distinctiveness.
B)low consistency.
C)high consistency.
D)high consensus.
Answer: D
Q3) Family security is a terminal value.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) People with high __________ are often effective sales representatives.
Answer: extraversion
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Chapter 4: Individual Attitudes and Behaviors
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Sample Questions
Q1) A central issue currently facing long-haul trucking companies is
A)low demand for trucking services.
B)employee turnover.
C)reduced job performance.
D)managing a global workforce.
Q2) Which of the following statements regarding work attitude and performance is accurate?
A)Those with the most positive work attitudes are always strong performers.
B)In engineering,there tends to be a stronger link between work attitude and performance than one finds in an assembly line job.
C)The correlation between organizational commitment and performance is strong.
D)Your skill level in performing a job does not matter much if your attitude toward work is positive.
Q3) Briefly describe differences in job attitudes held around the world.
Q4) Realistic job previews help prevent breaches of the psychological contract. A)True B)False
Q5) Give an example of how a psychological contract between an employee and a firm could be breached.
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Chapter 5: Theories of Motivation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Equity theory suggests that those perceiving inequity can react to the situation by having the referent decrease inputs.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Maslow's physiological needs may be satisfied by A)food.
B)feeling danger-free.
C)feelings of importance.
D)human bonds.
Q3) Give an example of how motivation is culturally bound. Maslow's hierarchy of needs is one such theory that is culturally bound.Financial satisfaction,for example,is a stronger predictor of overall life satisfaction in developing nations.In contrast,esteem needs are a more powerful motivator for industrialized countries.
Q4) Which of the following is a need-based theory of motivation?
A)Expectancy theory.
B)ERG theory.
C)Reinforcement theory.
D)Equity theory.
Q5) Social needs is to Maslow,as _______________ is to Alderfer.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Designing a Motivating Work Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____________ has been identified as the most important psychological state affected by job characteristics.
Q2) Job specialization can
A)increase the number of employees needed to complete the job.
B)minimize training costs.
C)lead to greater motivation among employees.
D)be very effective in rapidly changing environments.
Q3) The most likely individual to rate an employee is
A)the employee's supervisor.
B)a coworker of the employee.
C)a customer of the employee.
D)a subordinate of the employee.
Q4) ______________________is the process in which a rater or raters evaluate an employee's performance.
Q5) Which of the following is an advantage of job rotation?
A)employees become cross-trained due to their movement between jobs.
B)managers have greater scheduling flexibility in a job rotation system.
C)employees experience less boredom in a job rotation system.
D)all of the above.
Q6) Describe two conditions under which goals are more effective.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Managing Stress and Emotions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Your roommate has major stress issues every finals week.She becomes so upset about her exams and papers that she is almost impossible to live with.You do not want to see her go through these problems this finals week,so you have decided to discuss with her various approaches she can adopt that may help calm her during this time.What are some suggestions you could offer her?
Q2) Rodney is experiencing a real dilemma.His boss just called him and told him that he had to attend a dinner meeting Wednesday night with some important out-of-town clients.Rodney's daughter just called and told him she will be dancing a solo at her dance recital on Wednesday evening.Rodney is experiencing
A)role conflict.
B)role overload.
C)information overload.
D)role ambiguity.
Q3) The "Corporate Athlete" approach to dealing with stress is a reactive approach.
A)True
B)False
Q4) ________ _______ refers to vagueness as to what your job responsibilities are.
Q5) _____________ is working remotely from home or some other locale during a portion of the workweek.
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Chapter 8: Communication
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Sample Questions
Q1) Upward communication refers
A)communication that travels from frontline employees to management.
B)communication from a single individual to many.
C)communication that travels from one department to another.
D)communications transmitted outside the organization.
Q2) Effective managers tend to use more
A)information-rich channels.
B)verbal channels.
C)written channels.
D)nonverbal channels.
Q3) A message that can be read at any time is ____________ unlike a conversation,which is carried out in real time.
Q4) Which of the following statements about communication is correct?
A)Communication is the process by which information is exchanged between individuals,through a common system of symbols,signs or behavior.
B)Miscommunication is an annoyance,but seldom has serious consequences.
C)Between 10 and 20 percent of a manager's time is spent communicating.
D)Communication ability is particularly important in lower levels of organizations.
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Chapter 9: Managing Groups and Teams
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a factor most likely to impact a group's cohesion?
A)size
B)height
C)industry
D)past experience
Q2) Marina is encouraging her sorority sisters to function as a cohesive group.She lists all of the following as benefits EXCEPT A)you will have greater self-confidence and self-esteem if you are a regular part of the group.
B)if you are experiencing stress,as you might during finals week,you can depend on your sisters to help get you through.
C)if you experience a personal tragedy or challenge,your sisters will help you cope.
D)If you are part of the sorority,you do not have to attend meetings and events often because you can depend on your sisters to cover for you.
Q3) Empowered teams have the ___________ as well as the __________ to achieve their goals.
Q4) Shared expectations of how things operate with a group or team are _________.
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11
Chapter 10: Conflict and Negotiations
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Sample Questions
Q1) The party with the best alternative to a negotiated agreement is in the best negotiating position.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Intergroup conflict
A)occurs between two individuals.
B)occurs within the individual.
C)occurs between two departments.
D)occurs between team members.
Q3) Matrix-structured organizations often experience decisional conflict because each manager reports to two bosses.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A key stage that is often ignored in the negotiating process is the ____________ phase where information is gathered.
Q5) When two people who are in conflict emphasize problem solving and integration of each other's goals,they are utilizing a ____________ conflict handling style.
Q6) What are two positive and two negative outcomes of conflict?
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Chapter 11: Making Decisions
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Sample Questions
Q1) A decision rule is an automated response to a problem or issue that occurs frequently.
A)True
B)False
Q2) "How should we market the new product line?" is an example of a ____________ decision made by managers.
Q3) Which of the following statements regarding group decision support systems (GDSS)is accurate?
A)GDSS could make employees eager to share information.
B)GDSS could become too simple.
C)GDSS improves the output of group collaborative work through higher information sharing.
D)GDSS avoids all possibilities of information overload.
Q4) Tactical decisions are generally made by
A)CEOs.
B)engineers.
C)managers.
D)Boards of Directors.
Q5) Do groups make better decisions than individuals? Briefly explain your answer.
Page 13
Q6) Explain how group decision support systems can become counterproductive.
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Chapter 12: Leading People Within Organizations
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research supports the argument that demonstrating both initiating structure and consideration makes leaders more effective.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Malcolm is the manager of his department.After performance evaluations,he gives those who have met their goals for the year a pay raise.He gives his employees their assignments and leaves them to do their work but does monitor them so that if he notices a potential problem,it gets resolved before causing difficulties.What kind of contemporary leadership style is Malcolm demonstrating?
A)directive leadership
B)transformational leadership
C)transactional leadership
D)laissez-faire leadership
Q3) _______________is the key factor in making transformational leadership more effective.
Q4) In a high _______________,the leader forms a trust-based relationship with the members.
Q5) ____________ may explain the relationship between being tall and being viewed as a leader.
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Chapter 13: Power and Politics
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Sample Questions
Q1) People's tendencies to behave consistently with social norms is __________.
Q2) Political behaviors in organizations include which of the following?
A)negotiating
B)alliance building
C)resolving conflicting interests
D)all of the above
Q3) Attempting to get others to do what we want is
A)commitment.
B)power.
C)charisma.
D)influence.
Q4) Coercive power
A)is the ability to take something away or punish someone for noncompliance.
B)is the ability to influence due to the possession of knowledge or skill.
C)stems from the personal characteristics of the person such as the degree to which we respect and want to be like them.
D)stems from one's organizational role or position.
Q5) Identify and define two bases of power discussed in the text.
Q6) Power derived from one's role in the organization is ______________ power.
Q7) What are three individual antecedents of political behavior?
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Chapter 14: Organizational Structure and Change
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Sample Questions
Q1) Give an example of a company that is organized along divisional lines.
Q2) Formalization
A)can lead to greater innovativeness.
B)enhances employee motivation.
C)provides for quicker decision making.
D)makes employee behavior predictable.
Q3) Just-in-time production leads to antagonistic relations between Toyota and its suppliers.
A)True
B)False
Q4) _______ is the final stage of Lewin's process of change model which ensures that the change becomes permanent.
Q5) Organizational change can be either radical or incremental.
A)True
B)False
Q6) When people react to organizational change negatively,they are absent more often and are more likely to voluntarily leave the company.
A)True
B)False
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Organizational Culture
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Sample Questions
Q1) The industry influence over culture suggests that it may not be possible to duplicate the culture of a firm in another industry.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Nordstrom's has a lengthy employee handbook full of rules and regulations designed to emphasize quality in customer service.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The corner office is an example of a cultural _____________.
Q4) What are key factors in maintaining a firm's culture?
Q5) __________ or relationship building is an important activity new employees can undertake to ensure their adjustment to a firm.
Q6) If an industry is highly regulated,firms competing within it likely have A)bureaucratic structures.
B)dynamic,innovative cultures.
C)low concern for rules and authority.
D)businesses processes characterized by agility and quick action.
Q7) What are the six steps to changing a culture?
Q8) What is a counterculture and what is an example of it?
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