Organizational Leadership
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Course Introduction
Organizational Leadership explores the principles, theories, and practices essential for effective leadership within various types of organizations. This course examines how leaders influence organizational culture, motivate employees, facilitate change, and drive strategic decision-making. Students will analyze different leadership styles, ethical considerations, and the impact of diversity in leadership. Through case studies and practical exercises, learners will develop the skills needed to inspire teams, resolve conflicts, and guide organizations toward achieving their goals in dynamic and complex environments.
Recommended Textbook
Organizational Behavior 18th Edition by Stephen P. Robbins
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18 Chapters
1987 Verified Questions
1987 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: What Is Organizational Behavior?
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Sample Questions
Q1) A key issue for managers in good economic times is ________.
A) employee stress
B) how to retain employees
C) employee decision making
D) helping employees cope
Answer: B
Q2) Sally Mitchell works as a manager at an environmental organization. She is currently working on a global warming project and decides which tasks related to creating awareness about the issue need to be done. In addition, she is also deciding which members of her team will work on engaging with the public and which will work on lobbying with the government. She is also assigning people as team members to ensure that tasks are undertaken on time. Which of the following categories of functions is Mitchell undertaking?
A) planning
B) organizing
C) scrutinizing
D) controlling
E) envisioning
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Diversity in Organizations
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Sample Questions
Q1) Jill Ivey has been working as a sales executive at Orbit Bank for the last two years. However, she has noticed that she is often not given an opportunity to attend training programs that her team members attend every quarter. She also is disappointed about the fact that she never gets to handle corporate clients, which provides better chances of a promotion. Which of the following kinds of discrimination is she most likely to have been subjected to?
A) exclusion
B) mockery
C) gaslighting
D) destabilization
E) mobbing
Answer: A
Q2) Women being passed over for promotion even when they are performing better than men is an example of a discriminatory practice.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Attitudes and Job Satisfaction
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Sample Questions
Q1) Actively and constructively attempting to improve conditions is part of the loyalty response to dissatisfaction.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) The theory of cognitive dissonance was proposed by ________.
A) Abraham Maslow
B) Leon Festinger
C) Geert Hofstede
D) Daryl Bem
E) Ivan Petrovich Pavlov
Answer: B
Q3) Oversharers can contribute to teamwork when they share personal stories related to organizational goals, according to a Harvard Business Review article.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 4: Emotions and Moods
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________ refers to the tendency of most individuals to experience a mildly positive mood at zero input when nothing in particular is going on.
A) Low positive affect
B) Positivity offset
C) Blunted affect
D) Negativity bias
E) Residual positivity
Q2) Studying facial expressions is a good way to identify basic emotions.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following is an example of counterproductive behavior?
A) sabotaging one's organization's computers
B) taking blame for not achieving a deadline
C) putting forward one's views in a brainstorming session
D) working during the weekend to make up for backlog
E) requesting a two-day leave during the Christmas season
Q4) Discuss whether there are gender differences regarding emotions.
Q5) Displayed emotions are innate and cannot be learned.
A)True
B)False
6
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Chapter 5: Personality and Values
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a drawback of self-report surveys?
A) They can hold only a limited number of questions.
B) They involve a large number of people in the evaluation process.
C) They may have biased results if the surveyor's judgment is biased.
D) They comprise a large number of complex statistical data.
E) They may result in the respondent rating themselves better to create a good impression.
Q2) Values contain a judgmental element in which they carry an individual's ideas as to what is right, good, or desirable.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Individuals low in self-monitoring ________.
A) tend to display their true dispositions and attitudes in every situation
B) are pragmatic, maintain emotional distance, and believe ends can justify means
C) have a grandiose sense of self-importance, require excessive admiration, and are arrogant
D) are easily distracted, disorganized, and unreliable
E) tend to dislike themselves and view themselves as powerless over their environment
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Chapter 6: Perception and Individual Decision Making
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Sample Questions
Q1) Extremely attractive or unattractive individuals are most likely to be noticed in a group. Which of the following statements best describes the reason behind this?
A) Our perception of reality depends on our past experiences.
B) Our perception of reality depends on our personality.
C) We don't look at targets in isolation.
D) The time at which we see an object can influence our perception of the object.
E) Our motives and expectations affect our perception of a target.
Q2) The tendency to draw a general impression about an individual on the basis of a single characteristic is known as the contrast effect.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following terms refers to choices made from among two or more alternatives?
A) inquiry
B) decision
C) perception
D) intuition
E) rationalization
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8
Chapter 7: Motivation Concepts
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Sample Questions
Q1) Logan is an employee who processes health insurance forms. Initially he was criticized by his supervisor for sloppy work, but thereafter he improved considerably. Now he consistently processes his forms without errors and even does more than his fair share of work. However, Logan's supervisor has not responded to the extra effort he has put in, giving him no praise or monetary benefits. This leads Logan to believe that his supervisor is biased against him. According to the expectancy theory, in this situation, there is a problem in the ________ relationship.
A) rewards-personal goals
B) performance-awareness
C) performance-reward
D) performance-objectives
E) performance-achievement
Q2) Explain what an MBO program is and discuss the common elements of MBO programs and goal-setting theory.
Q3) Explain how a manager motivates employees with reference to Herzberg's two-factor theory.
Q4) Explain what self-determination theory suggests about providing rewards.
Q5) Discuss distributive justice, procedural justice, and interpersonal justice.
Q6) What are the three relationships in Vroom's expectancy theory?
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Motivation: From Concepts to Applications
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is true regarding job rotation?
A) It decreases the flexibility with which an organization can adapt to a change.
B) It decreases employee motivation.
C) It decreases productivity in the short run.
D) It decreases supervisory workload.
E) It decreases the flexibility in scheduling work.
Q2) Managers at Flavors, a restaurant chain, train their employees such that in the absence of employees, someone trained in the same skills can step in and do the job equally well. Thus, many modules in training are extensive as they provide employees with details of the skill sets required for different jobs. In practice, this lengthy training program does help the company as a well-trained and flexible workforce is at their disposal at all times. The managers at Flavors use ________.
A) job rotation
B) vertical enhancement
C) telecommuting
D) job sharing
E) flextime
Q3) Describe telecommuting as an alternative work arrangement.
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Chapter 9: Foundations of Group Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) A period of inertia in a temporary group with a deadline refers to the group standing still or becoming locked into a fixed course of action.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Ingroups and outgroups pave the way for social identity threat.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Individual decisions are more time consuming than group decisions.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following is true, in general, in regard to groups?
A) A group is characterized by the independence of its members.
B) A group typically lacks definite roles and structures.
C) A group influences our emotional reactions.
D) An informal gathering cannot be considered a group.
E) The membership of a group does not affect how its members treat outsiders.
Q5) Discuss the impact of brainstorming on the possibility of groupthink.
Q6) Social identity threat is akin to stereotype threat.
A)True
B)False
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Understanding Work Teams
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is true with regard to the impact of diversity on team effectiveness?
A) High levels of diversity among team members benefit the group from the stage of forming.
B) Race and gender diversity bear the highest positive impact on team performance.
C) Leadership has a negligible role to play in diverse teams because the members manage themselves autonomously.
D) Elements of diversity are undesirable as they interfere with team processes in the long run.
E) Cultural diversity serves as an asset for tasks that call for a variety of viewpoints once the team has worked out its differences.
Q2) How do mental models contribute to task conflicts?
Q3) The term team cohesion means members are emotionally attached to one another and motivated toward the team because of their attachment. Team cohesion is a useful tool to predict team outcomes.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Discuss the difference between a work group and a work team.
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12
Chapter 11: Communication
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Sample Questions
Q1) When communicating with people from a different culture, how can you reduce misinterpretations?
Q2) Communication apprehension applies to oral and written communication.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What are the seven key parts of the communication process?
Q4) Which of following is true regarding text messaging?
A) They represent the best means to communicate long messages that must be archived.
B) The guidelines for business use of texting are still evolving.
C) They represent a secure mode of communication that cannot be intercepted.
D) Instant messaging is not dependent on the availability of Internet or computers.
E) Text messaging is transmitted primarily via computers.
Q5) The ________ is the actual physical product of the sender's encoding.
A) channel
B) filter
C) message
D) noise
E) medium
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Chapter 12: Leadership
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Sample Questions
Q1) Formal mentoring programs are most likely to succeed if they appropriately match the work style, needs, and skills of protégé and mentor.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Cooper Mills is a company that accomplished one of the greatest success stories of our time. The company, which began in the garage of its current CEO, Kyle Cooper, went on to become one of the largest producers of textiles in the country. The company has now diversified successfully into other product lines. A group of researchers is now undertaking a study on Cooper Mills as an organization led by a transformational leader. Which of the following, if true, would most support the conclusion that Kyle Cooper is a transformational leader?
A) The management follows Kyle's principle of avoiding risks and conducting business conservatively.
B) Cooper Mills' goals tend to be very ambitious and to hold personal value for employees.
C) Cooper Mills has a centralized decision-making structure.
D) Cooper Mills' performance has held at average levels for the past three years.
E) Cooper Mills' compensation plans are designed to reward short-term results.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Power and Politics
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110 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Employees exhibiting which of the following features are more likely to engage in political behavior?
A) lack of organizational investment
B) external locus of control
C) low need for power
D) Machiavellian personality
E) low self-monitoring
Q2) Differentiate between rational persuasion and inspirational appeals in terms of their operation and direction of influence.
Q3) ________ occurs when people within organizations use whatever influence they can to taint the facts to support their goals and interests.
A) Legitimate political behavior
B) Politicking
C) Illegitimate political behavior
D) Sabotage
E) Whistle-blowing
Q4) Explain impression management and discuss which impression management techniques are most effective in an interview.
Q5) Define power.
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Chapter 14: Conflict and Negotiation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe a functional conflict and dysfunctional conflict that could exist because of structure.
Q2) In cross-cultural negotiations, it is especially important that the negotiations be high in openness.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Identify the three basic types of conflict from the perspective of where the conflict occurs and discuss why it is important to understand the loci of conflict in order to address conflict in the workplace.
Q4) Describe the preferred negotiating techniques that would be implemented by a manager from China. What conflict management techniques would he use? What role would a third-party negotiator be likely to have if no agreement could be reached?
Q5) The locus of conflict is synonymous with the framework within which the conflict occurs.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Discuss the effects of moods and emotions on effectiveness of negotiations.
Q7) Explain the conflict resolution strategies used by collectivist cultures.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Foundations of Organization Structure
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Sample Questions
Q1) You have recently started your business with a small capital investment. Your business needs a very high degree of flexibility so that you can quickly respond to environmental changes and you are also interested in minimizing costs. Which of the following types of organizations is best suitable for your business?
A) a highly centralized organization
B) a virtual organization
C) a formalized organization
D) a bureaucracy
E) a hierarchical organization
Q2) Compare and contrast the three common organizational designs: simple structure, bureaucracy, and matrix structure.
Q3) In centralized organizations, top managers make all the decisions, and lower-level managers merely carry out their directives.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Organizations do not always stay with the basis of departmentalization they first adopt, as is the case with Microsoft, explain.
Q5) Describe the five common ways of departmentalization. Give an example of each.
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Chapter 16: Organizational Culture
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Sample Questions
Q1) A dominant culture expresses the core values a majority of members share and that give the organization its distinct personality.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following statements is true regarding an organization's culture?
A) Organizational culture is evaluative rather than descriptive.
B) Large organizations rarely have subcultures.
C) A dominant culture expresses the core values shared by a majority of the organization's members.
D) A strong culture reduces employee satisfaction and increases employee turnover.
E) Subcultures and dominant cultures do not share any common values.
Q3) The "shared meaning" aspect of culture makes it a potent device for guiding and shaping behavior.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Apprenticeship and mentoring programs are examples of random socialization.
A)True
B)False
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Page 18
Chapter 17: Human Resource Policies and Practices
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________ ranking requires the evaluator to place employees into a particular classification, such as top one-fifth or second one-fifth.
A) Individual
B) Group order
C) Paired
D) Fractional
E) Percentile
Q2) Which performance evaluation method requires no complex forms or extensive training to complete?
A) written essays
B) critical incidents
C) graphic rating scales
D) behaviorally anchored rating scales
E) assessment center rating
Q3) Employees who think HR practices are established to improve performance and benefit workers reciprocate these feelings with greater commitment and performance.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What purposes do performance evaluations serve in organizations?
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Chapter 18: Organizational Change and Stress Management
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Sample Questions
Q1) "Buying off" the leaders of a resistance group by giving them a key role and seeking their advice not to find a better solution but to get their endorsement is an example of
A) coercion
B) cooptation
C) procedural fairness
D) distributive bargaining
E) operant conditioning
Q2) Describe Lewin's three-step model used for managing change.
Q3) What are the various structural variables that facilitate innovation?
Q4) Sensitivity training emphasizes changing behavior through structured group interaction.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What are the various organizational sources of resistance to change?
Q6) What are the various individual sources of resistance to change?
Q7) What is organizational development? What are the various values on which the organizational development techniques are based?
Q8) What are the various forces that make it necessary for organizations to change? Page 20
Q9) What are the various organizational approaches toward managing stress?
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Page 21