Organizational Behavior Study Guide
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Organizational Behavior explores the dynamics of how individuals, groups, and structures affect behavior within organizations. The course delves into key topics such as motivation, leadership, team dynamics, communication, decision-making, organizational culture, and change management. Through theoretical frameworks and practical case studies, students gain insights into managing workplace relationships and enhancing organizational effectiveness. Emphasis is placed on developing analytical and interpersonal skills necessary for working effectively in diverse and evolving professional environments.
Recommended Textbook MGMT 11th Edition by Chuck Williams
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Chapter 1: Management
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Sample Questions
Q1) After graduating from one of the highest-ranked business schools in the world, Alfred was hired as a divisional marketing manager at a computer hardware company. His job profile included planning the marketing activities for the next fiscal year, allocating funds, and overlooking the performance of marketing representatives. In the given scenario, Alfred was most likely hired as a _____.
A) middle manager
B) team leader
C) first-line manager
D) top manager
Answer: A
Q2) When Melver Bank opened its first branch in the county of Derenston, Jon, the branch manager, arranged an ice-cream stall at the entrance of the bank's building as a treat to the locals of the county. In the context of managerial roles, which of the following roles does Jon illustrate in this scenario?
A) Leader role
B) Monitor role
C) Disseminator role
D) Figurehead role
Answer: D
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3
Chapter 2: The History of Management
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Sample Questions
Q1) Two companies that operate from the same building have a conflict over the space available for their employees to have lunch during lunch hours in the building's cafeteria. They fail to resolve the conflict, and the company that pays more rent gets the benefit of using the cafeteria during lunch hours. The other company is forced to ask its employees to use the cafeteria outside of lunch hours. This scenario best exemplifies _____.
A) integration
B) domination
C) accommodation
D) mediation
Answer: B
Q2) _____ proposed a comprehensive theory of cooperation in formal organizations. A) Max Weber
B) Mary Parker Follett
C) Elton Mayo
D) Chester Barnard
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: Organizational Environments and Cultures
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Q1) In the context of federal regulatory agencies and commissions, the _____ stops companies from engaging in unfair workforce practices.
A) Federal Trade Commission
B) National Labor Relations Board
C) Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
D) Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Answer: B
Q2) Earlinwex, an apparel wholesaler, wants to set up a warehouse in a neighboring country that levies taxes at a low rate. Before setting up the store, the operations manager of the company travels to the country to study the political scenario that affects wholesale businesses, the regulations governing the textile industry, and the business strategies of the existing players in the market. Which of the following concepts does this scenario best illustrate?
A) Punctuated equilibrium
B) Opportunistic behavior
C) Environmental scanning
D) Transfer pricing
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Ethics and Social Responsibility
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Sample Questions
Q1) The U.S. Sentencing Commission Guidelines for Organizations impose smaller fines on companies that:
A) have no history of violation of ethical principles.
B) are unaware of the unethical behavior of employees.
C) are not concerned with the ethical behavior of employees.
D) voluntarily disclose illegal activities to federal authorities.
Q2) When the new phone launched by ImogenCell received several negative reviews from its customers about the excessive heating of its phones' batteries, ImogenCell apologized for the inconvenience and offered new phone batteries to solve the heating issue. However, these batteries had to be bought by the customers at an exorbitant price. This is an example of a(n) _____.
A) proactive strategy
B) comprehensive strategy
C) reactive strategy
D) accommodative strategy
Q3) The greater the corporate responsibility in conducting, encouraging, or sanctioning illegal or unethical activity, the lower the culpability score.
A)True
B)False
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Planning and Decision Making
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is true of planning?
A) It fixes all organizational problems.
B) It creates an environment of uncertainty.
C) It encourages behavioral changes in an organization.
D) It intensifies the effort put in by managers and employees.
Q2) Shoerls, a footwear manufacturing company, had been purchasing its raw materials from Douglem. When Douglem increased the prices of its products, the production managers at Shoerls decided to purchase the raw materials from a different supplier that they believed would be a good-enough alternative. This scenario best illustrates the concept of _____.
A) counterconditioning
B) overregularizing
C) maximizing
D) satisficing
Q3) _____ are defined as the standards used to guide judgments and decisions.
A) Standing plans
B) Purpose statements
C) Decision criteria
D) Judgement liens
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Organizational Strategy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Tots County manufactures clothing and apparel exclusively for children in the age group of one to six years. In this scenario, the company is most likely using a(n) _____.
A) diversification strategy
B) focus strategy
C) divestment strategy
D) adaptive strategy
Q2) _____ are companies using an adaptive strategy aimed at protecting strategic positions by seeking moderate, steady growth and by offering a limited range of high-quality products and services to a well-defined set of customers.
A) Reactors
B) Prospectors
C) Defenders
D) Analyzers
Q3) Focus strategies typically work in saturated markets that competitors have large market shares or have complete monopoly in.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: Innovation and Change
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Sample Questions
Q1) The standalone scanners and printers at Indentom, a law firm, have been replaced with all-in-one printers that perform the functions of printing, scanning, and photocopying. In the context of innovation streams, which of the following concepts does this scenario best illustrate?
A) Technological singularity
B) Technological lockout
C) Technological substitution
D) Technological determinism
Q2) In the context of organizational decline, which of the following is true of the dissolution stage?
A) Cutbacks and layoffs will have reduced the level of talent among employees.
B) Key managers fail to recognize the threats due to an inability to understand their significance.
C) The managers may be waiting to see if the problems will correct themselves.
D) The company is dissolved through bankruptcy proceedings.
Q3) An innovation stream begins with _____.
A) a technological discontinuity
B) a design iteration
C) technological lockout
D) the emergence of a dominant design
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Chapter 8: Global Management
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Q1) _____ are specific limits on the number or volume of imported products.
A) Tariffs
B) Quotas
C) Subsidies
D) Embargoes
Q2) Which of the following trade barriers is established to protect the health and safety of citizens?
A) Tariffs
B) Quotas
C) Government import standards
D) Voluntary export restraints
Q3) The government of Gimzia recently passed a law making it mandatory for any foreign company that wants to do business in Gimzia to reinvest 70% of the revenue it is earning back into the country. As a result, many foreign companies are planning to shut down their ventures in the country. This is a type of _____ faced by companies that want to conduct business in Gimzia.
A) political uncertainty
B) cost uncertainty
C) policy uncertainty
D) control uncertainty
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Chapter 9: Designing Adaptive Organizations
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Sample Questions
Q1) The manager of Flogymki, a newly opened continental restaurant, decides to organize the restaurant's labor force into separate divisions for purchases, serving, home delivery, accounting, cooking, etc. Given this information, which of the following organizational structures does the restaurant manager intend to implement at Flogymki?
A) Product departmentalization
B) Functional departmentalization
C) Customer departmentalization
D) Geographic departmentalization
Q2) Sharon works in the travel division of Weston Inc., a software company, and is responsible for arranging the travel documents of the employees who travel to other countries for official purposes. The documents are sorted based on the different divisions of the company, such as marketing, sales, training, and production. Given this information, which of the following organizational structures does Weston Inc. most likely follow?
A) Geographic departmentalization
B) Product departmentalization
C) Customer departmentalization
D) Functional departmentalization
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Chapter 10: Managing Teams
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Sample Questions
Q1) At Tirdes Corp., every employee manages his or her own work and bears full responsibility for the completion of the task. The employees also have complete autonomy over how they finish their work. This is an example of a _____.
A) semi-autonomous work group
B) department team
C) traditional work group
D) self-designing team
Q2) Asterisk Inc. decided to change some of its policies. Jensen, a team manager, conducted a meeting to inform his team about the management's decision. During the meeting, the majority of Jensen's team members were in favor of the policies except Sandy. As a result, Sandy decided not to voice her concerns about the policy changes fearing negative consequences. This scenario illustrates the concept of _____.
A) groupthink
B) reverse psychology
C) synergy
D) conservative bias
Q3) Challenging team goals greatly increase the incidence of social loafing.
A)True
B)False
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Managing Human Resource Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Darlene Jespersen used to work in a sports bar. Despite being nominated by her manager for a promotion for her outstanding performance, the nomination was rejected; and a male coworker was awarded the promotion. Subsequently, Darlene's manager informed her that she was not promoted because the post requires working extra hours, and the management considered that to be a difficult task for a female employee. This is an example of _____.
A) disparate treatment
B) adverse impact
C) affirmative action
D) minority domination
Q2) Rhonda, a junior accountant at a manufacturing company, was laid off from her job because she rejected multiple requests from the company's chief financial officer to engage in a physical relationship with him. In the context of employment legislation, this scenario best illustrates _____.
A) adverse impact
B) disparate treatment
C) quid pro quo sexual harassment
D) structural accommodation
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13
Chapter 12: Managing Individuals and a Diverse Workforce
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Q1) Noah is the owner of a dairy farm. He has a small group of employees who have been working with him for several years. They are all happy to work with each other, and they share similar beliefs and values. In the given scenario, the good relationship that the employees share displays _____.
A) ethnocentrism
B) social integration
C) organizational plurality
D) multiculturalism
Q2) Mia is asked to quit her job as a salesgirl at a clothing store as she is unable to cooperate with other employees. She is intolerant of her colleagues and is not keen on helping customers. She tends to be sullen and impatient. In the context of personalities, Mia can be described as being _____.
A) an extravert
B) an introvert
C) amicable
D) disagreeable
Q3) There is no federal law or agency to oversee diversity in organizations.
A)True
B)False
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Motivation
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Sample Questions
Q1) The human resources department of Mevertyn, a public relations firm, decided to stop giving meal coupons to the employees who come late to office. Which of the following theories of motivation does this scenario best illustrate?
A) McClelland's Learned Needs Theory
B) Equity theory
C) Alderfer's ERG Theory
D) Reinforcement theory
Q2) Clarence used to work as a doctor in a federal government hospital. After retiring, he started a private clinic to continue practicing medicine and to maintain his reputation as a doctor. In the context of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, this scenario best illustrates Clarence's _____.
A) belongingness needs
B) physiological needs
C) safety needs
D) esteem needs
Q3) Managers should reduce employees' outcomes to restore equity.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Leadership
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Sample Questions
Q1) Chloe runs a publication house. She maintains a fun and relaxed atmosphere at work. She believes that as long as her employees are comfortable at work, they will continue to work without complaining. She does not give much emphasis to employee productivity. In the context of the Blake/Mouton leadership grid, which of the following leadership styles is Chloe using in this scenario?
A) The middle-of-the-road style
B) The country club style
C) The authority-compliance style
D) The impoverished style
Q2) Trait theory holds that leaders are taller and more confident and have greater physical stamina (that is, higher energy levels) than nonleaders.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Unlike directive leadership, supportive leadership is used when _____.
A) the formal authority system is clear
B) task structure is low
C) workers have an external locus of control
D) tasks are relaxing and varied
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16
Chapter 15: Managing Communication
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Sample Questions
Q1) Nathan, a sales executive, drafts an email to communicate his weekly sales report to his manager. In the context of the communication process, Nathan is engaging in
A) encoding
B) cognitive mapping
C) decoding
D) selective filtering
Q2) A multinational corporation realized that it needed to cut costs in order to compensate for the financial losses that it was facing. Among other measures, it decided to discontinue reimbursements for transportation, despite all the grievances put forward by the employees to the managers regarding the issue. As a result, employees commuting long distances to get to work became resentful toward the management and started showing their discontentment by taking longer breaks and frequent leaves. In this context, which of the following would most likely have reduced the dissatisfaction of workers?
A) Empathetic listening
B) Perceptual filtering
C) Reactive communication
D) Selective attention
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17
Chapter 16: Control
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Sample Questions
Q1) Identify a difference between bureaucratic control and concertive control.
A) Under bureaucratic control, most workers only have to worry about pleasing the boss, whereas with concertive control, their behavior has to satisfy the rest of their team members.
B) Concertive control is driven by strong organizational cultures, whereas bureaucratic control usually arises when companies give work groups complete autonomy and responsibility for task completion.
C) Unlike bureaucratic control, concertive control is based on beliefs that are shaped and negotiated by work groups.
D) Unlike bureaucratically controlled companies, concertively controlled companies are highly resistant to change.
Q2) _____ is defined as a regulatory process of establishing standards to achieve organizational goals, comparing actual performance to the standards, and taking corrective action when necessary to restore performance to those standards.
A) Organizing
B) Coordination
C) Control
D) Planning
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Chapter 17: Managing Information
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dextron Customs, a custom automobile shop, received an order for a customized motorcycle. The client specified that it needed a motorcycle with an 800 cc engine that delivered at least 70 PS power. Since the client did not provide details about the number of cylinders required in the engine, Dextron Customs chose to include a two-cylinder engine. Although the motorcycle was made as per the specifications provided by the client, the client was not satisfied because it featured a two-cylinder engine instead of a four-cylinder engine. In this scenario, the most likely reason for the client's dissatisfaction with the product is that the:
A) information provided to Dextron Customs was incomplete.
B) information provided to Dextron Customs was irrelevant.
C) information provided to Dextron Customs was inestimable.
D) information provided to Dextron Customs was inaccurate.
Q2) The key to sustaining a competitive advantage is using faster computers, more memory, and larger hard drives.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A company that has gained first-mover advantage is immune to competition.
A)True
B)False
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Page 19
Chapter 18: Managing Service and Manufacturing Operations
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Sample Questions
Q1) As the Baldrige Award is directly based on the ISO 9000 standards, it is essentially the U.S. version of recognition for excellence in meeting the ISO 9000 standards.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Brendon's Bakeries uses 4,000 pounds of flour a year. If the ordering cost is $10 per order and the holding cost is $2 per pound, then the optimal quantity to order flour is _____.
A) 200 pounds
B) 300 pounds
C) 400 pounds
D) 500 pounds
Q3) _____ indicates how much labor, capital, materials, and energy it takes to create an output.
A) Multifactor productivity
B) Economic order quantity
C) Partial productivity
D) Inventory turnover
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