Organizational Behavior Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Organizational Behavior explores the fundamental concepts, theories, and applications related to human behavior within organizational settings. This course examines how individuals, groups, and structures influence and are influenced by organizational culture, leadership, communication, motivation, decision-making, and change management. Emphasis is placed on understanding and improving workplace dynamics, fostering effective teamwork, and developing strategies to enhance organizational effectiveness and employee well-being. Through case studies and experiential learning, students gain practical insights into navigating and managing behavior in diverse work environments.
Recommended Textbook Group Dynamics 7th Edition by Donelson R. Forsyth
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Chapter 1: An Introduction to Group Dynamics
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT one of the key characteristics of a group?
A)Interaction among members
B)A degree of unity
C)Group structure
D)A leader is present
E)Group-level goals
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following best summarizes the basic idea behind the Thomas Theorem?
A)A group that is thought to be real will have real effects on its members.
B)Seeing a process increases the likelihood of believing in the process.
C)For every individual action there is an equal,and correlative,group-level action.
D)All groups are created equal in the mind's eye.
E)Principles aren't principles until they are tested in the context of group interaction.
Answer: A
Q3) Group interdependencies tend to be asymmetric,unequal,and hierarchical.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Studying Groups
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Sample Questions
Q1) The strongest correlation is +1 meaning that X perfectly predicts Y,and the weakest correlation is -1 meaning X is unrelated to Y.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Members of the Nortons,the corner boys studied by Whyte,derived their attitudes,interests,and values from the group.The Nortons are examples of a ___ group.
A)secondary
B)task-oriented
C)reference
D)sociometric
Answer: C
Q3) A cognitive theorist's most basic assumption is that behaviors that are followed by rewards will occur more frequently in the future.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Inclusion and Identity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Self-stereotyping occurs when individuals within a group attribute common group stereotypes to themselves.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) After taking a job in a library Jill not only begins to think of herself as a librarian,but she also takes on the qualities commonly attributed to librarians.Jill is engaged in
A)overcategorization.
B)self-stereotyping.
C)altercasting.
D)self-selection.
E)social comparison.
Answer: B
Q3) Although most people enjoy the company of others for limited periods of time,it is generally accepted that human beings are individualistic and private by nature.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 4: Formation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Denise thought the test was easy,but she was not sure.So,after she turns in her paper she talks to her friends to see what they thought about the test.Denise's actions best illustrate
A)need for affiliation.
B)need for power.
C)need for intimacy.
D)extraversion.
E)the social comparison processes.
Q2) ___ refers to general feelings of apprehension and embarrassment experienced when anticipating or interacting with other people.
A)Need for affiliation
B)Social anxiety
C)Introversion
D)Antisocial withdrawal
E)Social phobia
Q3) Use social exchange theory's concepts (e.g. ,minimax principles,comparison level,and comparison level for alternatives)to explain why high school students seek inclusion in cliques of popular peers.
Q4) What individual qualities influence one's general tendency to affiliate?
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Chapter 5: Cohesion and Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain why you agree with or disagree with the following statement: "Conflict is destructive to groups and should be avoided if possible."
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a currently accepted component of a multilevel conception of cohesion?
A)Cohesion is attraction to the group.
B)Cohesion is group unity.
C)Cohesion is teamwork.
D)Cohesion is positive affective tone.
E)Cohesion is strength of group mind.
Q3) Which statement describes a group at the orientation,or forming,stage of development?
A)Members tend to go along with whatever the leader suggests.
B)Members challenge the leader's ideas.
C)Members rely on each other.
D)The group encourages high performance and quality work.
E)The members identify duties and responsibilities.
Q4) Drawing on meta-analytic findings,explain the causal relationships between cohesion and performance in task-focused groups over time.
Q5) Summarize the methods and findings of Aronson and Mill's study of initiation.
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Chapter 6: Structure
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Sample Questions
Q1) If you are a high-status person in a hierarchically organized group,most likely
A)you will initiate more communications than a low status person.
B)you will receive few communications from equal status persons.
C)you will be more dissatisfied with your position in the group.
D)the communications you receive from lower status persons will be negative.
Q2) Sherif found that subjects who had conformed with their group's judgments in the autokinetic situation tended to ___ when later isolated and asked to make judgments.
A)return to their own idiosyncratic estimates
B)continue basing their judgments on the group norm
C)underestimate the distance moved
D)give variable and unpredictable responses
Q3) What is the impact of network centralization on member satisfaction,leadership,and group performance?
Q4) Attraction structures in groups tend to be
A)nonreciprocal.
B)transitive.
C)unbalanced.
D)unorganized.
E)hierarchical.
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Chapter 7: Influence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Summarize the methods used-and the results obtained-by Langer in her study of conformity and photocopying.
Q2) Social influence emanates from both the majority and the minority.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Fred decides that other group members are right,so he changes his mind and comes to believe in the group's position.This change is BEST described as
A)compliance.
B)conversion.
C)anticonformity.
D)independence.
E)conformity.
Q4) Moscovici believes majority influence leads to ___ whereas minority influence leads to ___.
A)individuality;diversity
B)originality;similarity
C)consensus;innovation
D)unification;harmony
E)variety;novelty
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Chapter 8: Power
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss the change that occurred when Milgram's participants worked in small groups rather than alone.
Q2) A(n)____ reaction is to high power as a(n)___ reaction is to low power.
A)inhibitory;approach
B)need for Power;need for Affiliation
C)approach;inhibitory
D)mandate;oligarchy
E)defensive,offensive
Q3) Because participants in Milgram's study often refused to continue when given a direct order,the engaged followership model argues participants were cooperating rather than mindlessly obeying.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Milgram suggested an agentic state occurs when individuals become so submissive to authority that they feel little responsibility for their actions
A)True
B)False
Q5) Use Kelman's three-stage theory of conversion to explain why people followed Jones' orders at Jonestown.
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Chapter 9: Leadership
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Sample Questions
Q1) Studies of leadership repeatedly return to two dimensions that are found in nearly all analyses of leadership and leadership effectiveness: task orientation and relationship orientation.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Leadership is closely associated with what two aspects of the group?
A)fighting and fleeing
B)conflict and authority
C)status and power
D)task and interpersonal relations
E)power and submissiveness
Q3) According to the text's definition,leadership is NOT:
A)the ability to take charge in a group.
B)an influence process.
C)a reciprocal relationship rather than a coercive one.
D)a goal-oriented,generative process.
Q4) Situational leadership theory incorporates the group's stage of development.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Compare and contrast a transactional leader versus a transformational leader.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Performance
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Sample Questions
Q1) Triplett (1898)found that children would reel faster when A)they were timed.
B)next to another reeling child.
C)an experimenter was in the room.
D)in a large group of observers.
E)a cockroach was placed next to them.
Q2) The Ringelmann effect is caused by
A)social loafing.
B)poor leadership.
C)coordination losses.
D)both social loafing and coordination losses.
E)both social loafing and poor leadership.
Q3) Which of the following findings is most likely?
A)Expert pool players play worse when observed.
B)Roaches complete a simple maze faster alone.
C)People who stutter speak more slowly alone than when observed.
D)People can more rapidly dress in familiar clothes when an observer is present.
Q4) You are the manager of a large group of people performing an additive task.What steps would you take to minimize the Ringelmann effect in general and social loafing in particular?
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Teams
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the five-factor model,dependability,dutifulness,achievement motivation,and efficacy are markers of
A)emotional stability.
B)extraversion.
C)openness.
D)agreeableness.
E)conscientiousness.
Q2) Are men's teams more cohesive,and therefore stronger teams,than women's teams?
Q3) You must pick a new member for your team,and you can administer several personality tests.What kinds of qualities will you assess and why?
Q4) Team training begins by training individuals first then incorporating them into existing teams.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The best predictor of the collective intelligence of a team is the level of intelligence of the each of the individual members.
A)True B)False
Q6) How would you measure the intelligence of a group (collective intelligence)?
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Decision Making
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Sample Questions
Q1) People,instead of seeking all available information,tend to seek information that confirms their decisions.Researchers found this bias was least likely
A)when individuals worked alone.
B)in groups.
C)in groups where one person disagreed with the majority.
D)in groups where two people disagreed with the majority.
Q2) Recount the history of research on making risky decisions in groups,beginning with studies of risky shift and the Choice Dilemmas Questionnaire and ending with studies of group polarization.
Q3) Studies of groups' superior memories for information suggests their proficiency is due to their ability to avoid problems that introduce inaccuracy in individual members' memories.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Groupthink is
A)an increase in conformity pressures in mobs.
B)a decision making method used to facilitate creativity.
C)a pooling-of-information method of group problem solving.
D)the deterioration of mental and group efficiency.
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Chapter 13: Conflict
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Sample Questions
Q1) Use the concepts of equity,resource dilemma,free-riding,and self-serving biases to identify problems students sometimes experience when they work together on group projects for their classes.
Q2) Conflict is disagreement,discord,or friction that occurs when the actions of one or more group members are resisted by one or more other group members.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Studies of students in ___ classrooms found that students worked harder,achieved higher grades,and communicated more frequently.
A)autocratic
B)individualistic
C)democratic
D)competitive
E)cooperative
Q4) The tit-for-tat strategy of dealing with conflict works because it is strong,unprovocable,ambiguous,and unforgiving.
A)True
B)False
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Intergroup Relations
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Sample Questions
Q1) Briefly describe the jigsaw technique.
Q2) Use the concept of reciprocity to explain the conflict between the Eagles and the Rattlers.
Q3) The boys who participated in the Robbers Cave study were
A)from inner city juvenile delinquent gangs.
B)identified by their teachers as very aggressive.
C)normal,well-adjusted 11-year-old boys.
D)repeatedly reminded by the staff that the other group was the "enemy."
E)not permitted to talk to the other group.
Q4) The situations studied the Sherifs and Insko and his colleagues all had one thing in common: competition between groups.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The root of conflict,according to the realistic group conflict theory,is competition for scarce resources.
A)True
B)False
Q6) What is the minimal intergroup situation and what do studies using this paradigm tell us about the inevitability of intergroup conflict?
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Groups in Context
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Altman and Haythorn's studies of territoriality in groups,members of isolated dyads should
A)avoid establishing territories.
B)be certain their territories are of equal size.
C)remain exclusively in their own personal territories.
D)use their territories to structure their interactions.
E)exchange territories on a regular basis.
Q2) Which of the following is not one of the key ingredients for creating a restorative place?
A)Fascination: the place should be interesting.
B)Being away: the place should be distraction free.
C)Extent: the place should be engaging.
D)Compatibility: the place should be compatible with members' purposes and intents.
E)Nature: the places should be part of natural rather than man made.
Q3) Summarize the equilibrium model and apply it to a two-person,mixed-sex discussion group.
Q4) The theory of behavior settings stresses the E in Lewin's B = f (P,E)equation.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: Growth and Change
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Sample Questions
Q1) Group therapies fail in two ways: members sometimes quit too soon (premature termination)and sometime members get worse rather than better (casualties).
A)True
B)False
Q2) An individual who is harmed by participation in group therapy is termed a A)premature termination.
B)burnout.
C)dropout.
D)casualty.
Q3) What are the advantages and disadvantages of using an online group for social support?
Q4) Vicarious learning,cohesion,and support are all key benefits of group therapy. A)True B)False
Q5) Hope,guidance,cohesion,and altruism are all therapeutic factors available in group therapy.
A)True B)False
Q6) What are the advantages of group treatment compared to individual treatment?
Page 18
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Chapter 17: Crowds and Collectives
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Sample Questions
Q1) The emotional and physical arousal of groups of individuals simply through the observation of arousal in others is known as
A)a fad.
B)contagion.
C)hyperfolia.
D)collectivism.
E)hypofolia.
Q2) Milgram,by having a group of confederates stare up at a point on a distant building,discovered people who passed by would also stare up at the same point on the distant building if there were five or more confederates in the stimulus group.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What prevents the queue from breaking down into a disorderly crowd?
A)normative processes
B)individuals in the line who act as leaders
C)habits
D)self-control
E)mindlessness
Q4) Why do people spread rumors?
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