Organizational Behavior
Chapter Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Organizational Behavior examines how individuals, groups, and structures influence behavior within organizations. This course explores key concepts such as motivation, leadership, team dynamics, communication, decision-making, organizational culture, and change management. Through theoretical frameworks and practical case studies, students learn to analyze and improve workplace environments, understand the drivers of employee behavior, and develop effective strategies for managing people and processes in diverse organizational settings.
Recommended Textbook
Project Management The Managerial Process 6th Edition by Erik Larson
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Chapter 1: Modern Project Management
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Sample Questions
Q1) Successful project managers focus primarily on technical dimensions of project management,which include planning,scheduling,and controlling projects.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Smaller projects in larger organizations tend not to need project management skills.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) A professional organization for project managers that has grown from 93,000 in 2002 to more than 520,000 currently is the ___________.
Answer: PMI
Explanation: The Project Management Institute (PMI)is a professional organization for project managers.
Q4) The first stage in the project life cycle is the concept stage.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Organization Strategy and Project Selection
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Q1) Susie's department is implementing many projects.She finds herself starting and stopping work on one task to go and work on another task,and then return to the work on the original task.Susie is experiencing
A) Poor scheduling.
B) Excess work burden.
C) Flexible tasking.
D) Multitasking.
E) Burnout.
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following is NOT one of the requirements for successful implementation of strategies through projects?
A) Allocation of resources
B) Prioritizing of projects
C) Motivation of project contributors
D) Adequate planning and control systems
E) Quality management
Answer: E
Q3) Identify and briefly describe the five characteristics of effective objectives. Answer: Answer will vary
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Organization: Structure and Culture
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Sample Questions
Q1) Identify and briefly describe the three forms of organizing projects using the matrix management approach.
Answer: Answer will vary
Q2) The cultural characteristic that refers to the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment is known as
Answer: open-systems focus
Explanation: Open-systems focus is the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment.
Q3) At the project level,which of the following is a factor that should influence the choice of project management structure?
A) The size of the project
B) The novelty of the project
C) Budget and time constraints
D) The strategic importance of the project
E) All of these are factors that should influence the choice of project management structure
Answer: E
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Chapter 4: Defining the Project
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Sample Questions
Q1) Process breakdown structures are used when the size and the scope of the project do not warrant an elaborate WBS or OBS.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The intersection of work packages and the organizational unit creates a project control point called a(n)___________.
Q3) The WBS is best suited for projects that have a tangible outcome.Which of the following is used when the final outcome of the project is less tangible or is a product of a series of steps or phases?
A) Responsibility matrix
B) Organization breakdown structure
C) A work breakdown structure is still effective for these types of projects
D) Priority matrix
E) Process breakdown structure
Q4) The final step in defining a project is __________ the WBS for the information system.
Q5) The last element of a project scope statement or checklist ensures an understanding and agreement of expectations.This is known as ____________.
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Chapter 5: Estimating Project Times and Costs
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Sample Questions
Q1) List and briefly describe four reasons why estimating time and cost are important to project management.
Q2) Identify the drawbacks to an excessive level of detail in estimating project times and costs.
Q3) Project estimates should be broken down into as much detail,and with as much accuracy,as possible.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following would be the best method for projects where the final product is not known and the uncertainty is very large?
A) Function point
B) Template
C) Learning curve
D) Phase estimating
E) Apportion
Q5) Identify the three major categories of project costs and give an example of each.
Q6) The salary of the project manager and temporary rental space for the project team would be classified as __________ costs.
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Chapter 6: Developing a Project Plan
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is a Gantt chart and what advantages does it have over project networks?
Q2) Bill is building a project network that involves testing a prototype.He must design the prototype (activity 1),build the prototype (activity 2),and test the prototype (activity 3).Activity 1 is the predecessor for activity 2 and activity 2 is the predecessor for activity 3.If the prototype fails testing,Bill must redesign the prototype;therefore,activity 3 is a predecessor for activity 1.This is an example of
A) Conditional statements.
B) Looping.
C) Having more than one start node.
D) Good network development.
E) Natural network flow.
Q3) A(n)__________ activity is frequently used to identify the use of fixed resources or costs over a segment of the project.
Q4) An element in the project that consumes time is a(n)___________.
Q5) ________ slack must be coordinated with all participants in the activities that follow in the chain.
Q6) It is possible for a project network to have more than one critical path.
A)True
B)False
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Managing Risk
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Sample Questions
Q1) Budget reserves are set up to cover identified risks associated with specific segments of a project while management reserves are set up to cover unidentified risks associated with the total project.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Enhancing a risk is a tactic that seeks to eliminate the uncertainty associated with an opportunity to ensure that it definitely happens.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A fixed price contract is an example of
A) Avoiding risk.
B) Transferring risk.
C) Accepting risk.
D) Ignoring risk.
E) Mitigating risk.
Q4) According to the Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA),Impact x Probability x Detection = __________.
Q5) The first step in the risk management process is ________.
Q6) What is Change Control Management and what function does it perform?
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Scheduling Resources and Costs
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Sample Questions
Q1) If three copiers are needed to produce a final report on time and only two are available,the project is facing a(n)________ type of resource constraint.
Q2) Splitting an activity can result in all of the following EXCEPT
A) More people working on the same activity.
B) Possible startup and shutdown costs.
C) A resource being moved from one activity to another and then back.
D) Activity work being placed on hold for a period until more resources are available.
E) A better project schedule.
Q3) What is the difference in project goals when using resource leveling on time-constrained projects and using it on resource-constrained projects?
Q4) Identify and give an example of the three types of resource constraints.
Q5) A project cost baseline is also called __________.
Q6) In a resource-constrained project,the completion date is most likely to change.
A)True B)False
Q7) Having one person responsible for performing several activities,all due at the same time,is an example of a(n)________ constraint.
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Chapter 9: Reducing Project Duration
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Sample Questions
Q1) Given an equal level of risk and the need to reduce overall project duration,why would you NOT select the activity with the least slope,in the entire project network,to crash first?
Q2) An activity's normal time and cost are 8 and $100,respectively.Its estimated crash time and cost are 6 and $160,respectively.What is this activity's crash cost per time unit?
A) $33
B) $30
C) $60
D) $65
E) $153
Q3) One way of reducing project costs is identifying tasks that _________ can do themselves.
A) Vendors
B) Suppliers
C) Customers
D) Company employees
E) Project teams
Q4) How would you calculate an activity's slope and what does it represent?
Q5) What is crashing? Include a discussion of crash time and crash cost.
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Chapter 10: Leadership: Being an Effective Project Manager
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Sample Questions
Q1) Through a project manager's behavior,he or she can influence how others act and respond to a variety of issues related to the project.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Experienced project managers recognize the need to build relationships before they need them.Why is this important?
Q3) Relationship-related currencies have more to do with strengthening the relationship with someone than directly accomplishing the project tasks.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Successful project managers tend to adopt a hands-on approach to managing projects.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Identify and briefly describe four of the eight traits associated with being a successful project manager.
Q6) Experienced project managers recognize the need to build __________ before they need them.
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Chapter 11: Managing Project Teams
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Sample Questions
Q1) How can a project manager support and encourage functional conflict?
A) Conflict should not be encouraged or supported
B) By asking tough questions and by challenging the rationale behind recommendations
C) By imposing a solution to the conflict after listening to each party
D) By negotiating a resolution by reasoning and persuasion
E) As soon as emotions flare,he or she can intervene and attempt to control conflict because it has become dysfunctional
Q2) When project managers impose a solution to dysfunctional conflict after listening to each party,they are __________ the conflict.
A) Eliminating
B) Controlling
C) Mediating
D) Arbitrating
E) Encouraging
Q3) Two of the biggest challenges involved in managing a virtual project team are developing trust and effective patterns of communication.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Outsourcing: Managing Interorganizational Relations
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Sample Questions
Q1) When considering principled negotiation,keeping focus on the issues even when people become upset,frustrated,and even angry is an example of
A) Separating people from the problem.
B) Being honest and forthright.
C) Focusing on interests,not positions.
D) Inventing options for mutual gain.
E) Using objective criteria.
Q2) Working in outsourcing teams,projects can be completed faster and more cheaply.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In project negotiation each negotiator is out to win as much as he or she can for his or her side.
A)True
B)False
Q4) One key focus of principled negotiation is to separate people from the _________.
Q5) _______ satisfaction is measured by the ratio of perceived performance to expected performance.
Page 14
Q6) Not only can contracted project work be cheaper,it can also be done __________.
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Chapter 13: Progress and Performance Measurement and Evaluation
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Q1) The ________ variance is the difference between the earned value to date and the baseline schedule.
Q2) The first step in the project control process for measuring and evaluating project performance is to
A) Set a baseline plan.
B) Determine the project objectives.
C) Determine the project deliverables.
D) Analyze the project budget.
E) Review the project priority matrix.
Q3) ________ holds people accountable,prevents small problems from mushrooming into large problems,and keeps focus.
Q4) When revising the estimated cost at completion,there are two approaches.The EAC<sub>re</sub> is determined by experts in the field and the EAC<sub>f</sub> is a mathematical approach which assumes the CPI as the basis for forecasting cost at completion.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The indicator that tells you the planned time-phased value of the work that is scheduled is the _______________.
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Chapter 14: Project Closure
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Q1) Identify four wrap-up activities that are included in the closure process.
Q2) Expectations,standards,supportive organizational culture,and constraints must be in place before project implementation;if not,the effectiveness of the evaluation process will suffer.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The ____________ report summarizes project performance and provides useful information for continuous improvement.
Q4) In premature project closure,the project may be completed early with some parts of the project eliminated.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Identify three reasons it is important to use an independent facilitator to collect and implement lessons learned to improve management of current and future projects.
Q6) When a project is completed early with some parts of the project eliminated this is known as _________ project closure.
Q7) The most common reason given for not creating lessons learned is the lack of
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Chapter 15: International Projects
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Q1) The natural psychological disorientation that most people suffer when they move into a different culture than their own is called ___________.
Q2) Which of the following can help a project manager to digest,clarify,and understand the factors leading to the selection of a specific international project?
A) Risk matrix
B) Priority matrix
C) Responsibility matrix
D) Gantt chart
E) Contingency matrix
Q3) _________ is critical to the success of business negotiations when working in Saudi Arabia.
A) Calling attention to oneself
B) Patience
C) Determination
D) Displaying feelings of superiority
E) Ignoring administrative channels
Q4) Bartering is a form of compensation that is still used by some countries and organizations and is an example of the ________ environmental factor.
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Chapter 16: Oversight
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Sample Questions
Q1) The intent of project oversight includes all of the following EXCEPT
A) Meet the needs of the organization through procedures.
B) Support the project manager.
C) Meet the needs of the organization through continuous improvement.
D) Meet the needs of the organization through improving everyday business activities.
E) Meet the needs of the organization through accountability.
Q2) The phase gate review process is the centralized management of projects to ensure that the allocation of resources to projects is directed toward projects that contribute the greatest value to organization goals.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A project management __________ model strives for a never-ending goal to continuously improve the management of projects.
Q4) When considering the phase gate review process,each gate must have established gate criteria and specific outputs.The criteria for all of the gates during the project are selected before the start of the project.
A)True
B)False
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18
Chapter 17: An Introduction to Agile Project Management
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Q1) Scrum relies on three key roles.A person who facilitates the Scrum process and resolves impediments at the team and organizational level is called a
A) Scrum master.
B) Project champion.
C) Scrum leader.
D) Product owner.
E) Production coordinator.
Q2) Identify and describe two limits or concerns associated with agile project management.
Q3) ___________ project management concentrates firmly on thorough planning up front.
Q4) The purpose of release planning is to establish the goals and a general WBS for the project.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Agile project management is ideal for exploratory projects in which requirements need to be discovered and new technology tested.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 18: Project Management Career Paths
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Q1) If you are considering pursuing a career in project management,you should first find out what specific project job opportunities exist within your ____________.
Q2) One aspect of project management that is unique is the temporary nature of assignments.
A)True
B)False
Q3) When possible,you should choose to manage the following projects EXCEPT
A) With the greatest learning opportunities.
B) More for the quality of people working on them than for the scope of the project.
C) That are run-of-the-mill with low risk.
D) That are appropriate considering your abilities.
E) That will enhance your reputation within your organization.
Q4) Many project managers' careers began by __________ for task forces and small projects within their organization.
Q5) Most fast-track managers acknowledge that mentors played a significant role in their advancement.
A)True B)False
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