Organic Chemistry
Practice Exam
Course Introduction
Organic Chemistry is the study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and synthesis of carbon-containing compounds. This course introduces students to foundational concepts such as molecular bonding, stereochemistry, functional groups, reaction mechanisms, and spectroscopy. Emphasis is placed on understanding the relationship between molecular structure and chemical reactivity, as well as the application of organic reactions in the synthesis of complex molecules found in pharmaceuticals, polymers, and natural products. Through lectures, laboratory experiments, and problem-solving exercises, students gain the analytical skills necessary to interpret organic transformations and predict the behavior of organic compounds.
Recommended Textbook
General Organic and Biochemistry An Applied Approach 2nd Edition by James Armstrong
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Measurements in Science and Medicine
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Sample Questions
Q1) An appropriate unit to measure the length of a football field would be the meter.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) At what temperature do the temperatures on the Celsius and Kelvin scales have the same numerical value?
A)- 40
B)0
C)32
D)There is no value where the two scales are the same. Answer: D
Q3) A particular model of hybrid car can travel 53.0 miles/gallon of gas. What is this fuel efficiency expressed in the metric system? [1 quart = 0.946 L; 1 mile = 1.609 km]
A)8.71 km/L
B)20.2 km/L
C)22.5 km/L
D)90 km/L
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: Atoms, Elements, and Compounds
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Sample Questions
Q1) The elements sodium, potassium, and oxygen are considered to be "elements of life" and are in the category of electrolytes.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) What is the mass of one mole of glucose, C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>12</sub>O<sub>6</sub>?
A)29.02 amu
B)180.2 amu
C)29.02 g
D)180.2 g
Answer: D
Q3) A sealed cylinder is filled with a large collection of atoms that have 14 neutrons and 13 protons. Which of the following would behave in a manner similar to this collection of atoms?
A)a group of atoms with 13 neutrons and 14 protons
B)a group of atoms with 14 neutrons and 15 protons
C)a group of atoms with 15 neutrons and 14 protons
D)a group of atoms with 15 neutrons and 13 protons
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: Chemical Bonds
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Sample Questions
Q1) In order to satisfy the octet rule, an atom with the following electron arrangement can shell 1: 2 electrons shell 2: 8 electrons shell 3:5 electrons
A)gain three electrons.
B)gain two electrons.
C)gain one electron.
D)lose three electrons.
Answer: A
Q2) An ion of phosphorus has a -3 charge. Which of the following is true?
A)It is a cation.
B)It contains more protons than electrons.
C)It contains 18 electrons.
D)It contains 12 protons.
Answer: C
Q3) Draw the Lewis structure for the following using lines to represent bonding electron pairs.
CS<sub>2</sub>
Answer: 11ea7c90_f20b_8fbe_9ab2_038438d944ab_TB1423_00
Q4) The central atom in phosgene is_____________________.
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Energy and Physical Properties
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Q1) What is the specific heat of a substance if it requires 475 cal to raise the temperature of a 67-gram sample from 25°C to 43°C?
Q2) Consider two identical soccer balls. Ball A is kicked and attains a velocity 25 m/sec. Ball B is kicked and attains a velocity of 15 m/sec. At these velocities, Ball A has the greater kinetic energy.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Air pressure can be expressed in which of the following units?
A)atmosphere
B)pascal
C)torr
D)any of these
Q4) Which of the following is the strongest intermolecular attractive force?
A)ion-ion attractions
B)dipole-dipole attractions
C)dispersion forces
D)hydrogen bonds
Q5) The variation in pressure with temperature is defined by ____________________law.
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Chapter 5: Solution Concentration
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Q1) A normal concentration of sodium (Na) in blood plasma is 141 mEq/L (US average range is 135-145 mEq/L). How many mg of sodium are there in a 10.0 mL sample of his blood plasma?
A)141 mg
B)14.1 mg
C)1.41 mg
D)1.40 × 10<sup>3</sup> mg
Q2) Solution A is 0.010 M glucose, and solution B is 0.050 M glucose. The glucose will dialyze to the _____________________.
Q3) Upon standing the glucose molecules will move in which direction?
Q4) How would the following solution be classified? 0.05 M in KCl and 0.14 M in glucose
A)isotonic
B)hypertonic
C)hypotonic
Q5) Calculate the percent concentration (m/v) of a solution prepared by dissolving 6.45 g of glucose in enough water to produce 85.0 mL of solution?
Q6) The tonicity of the solution in container C is ______________________.
Q7) Upon standing the water molecules will move in which direction?
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Chemical Reactions
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Sample Questions
Q1) When magnesium reacts with nitrogen, the reaction container becomes very hot. The H for this reaction will have a positive sign.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The temperature of the reaction is decreased. _____________________
Q3) _______________________refers to the characteristic amount of heat produced when a nutrient is burned.
Q4) If a reaction occurs very rapidly, even at a relatively low temperature, which of the following is probably true?
A)The reaction is endothermic.
B)The reaction is exothermic.
C)The reaction has a low activation energy.
D)The reaction is at equilibrium.
Q5) The process that converts the energy stored in molecules to a form usable by an animal is respiration.
A)True
B)False
Q6) The activation energy of the catalyzed reaction is represented by_____________________.
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Chapter 7: Acids and Bases
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Sample Questions
Q1) For a healthy individual, the pH of the blood in the veins is lower than in the arteries.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The following solutions are ranked from the most acidic to the most basic. Most acidic urine (pH 5.89) intestine contents (pH 8.06) blood (pH 7.30) Most basic
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following solutions is the most alkaline?
A)coffee (pH 5.12)
B)urine (pH 7.24)
C)dishwasher detergent (pH 2.38)
D)drain cleaner (pH 10.24)
Q4) Which of the following is a polyprotic acid?
A)HCl
B)HNO<sub>3</sub>
C)H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>
D)H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>
E)both c and d
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Chapter 8: Nuclear Chemistry
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Questions
Q1) One person standing 10 m from a radiation source absorbs 1000 particles. A second person is standing 30 m from the same source, how many particles does the second person absorb? Assume that there is no difference in shielding between the two people.
A)1000 particles
B)333 particles
C)111 particles
D)33 particles
E)50 particles
Q2) The following correctly applies to balancing nuclear equations. "The sums of the mass numbers of the products and reactants must be equal."
A)True
B)False
Q3) __________________ particles have the largest W<sub>R</sub> factor.
Q4) A common questions asked of every patient admitted to a hospital is 'Have you experienced an unexpected/unintentional weight loss of 15 or more pounds in the last three months'. Why do think this is an important question to ask? What could it be alluding to?
Q5) Write the nuclear equation for the alpha decay of radium-226.
Q6) Write the nuclear equation for the beta decay of iodine-131.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Hydrocarbons: An Introduction to Organic Molecules
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Sample Questions
Q1) Structure B is classified as a(n) _________________________.
Q2) Consider the formula given below. C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>8</sub>
This following represents the molecular formula of an A)alkyne
B)alkene
C)alkane
D)none of these
Q3) During the complete combustion of benzene, if 9.55 g of benzene were consumed what mass of oxygen in grams would be needed?
Q4) If the hydrogen atom numbered "2" replaced by a methyl group, the IUPAC name of the new compound would be ____________.
Q5) Carbon atoms involved in double bonds exhibit a trigonal planar arrangement.
A)True
B)False
Q6) The following molecule contains two functional groups, a haloalkane group and an alkyne.
CH<sub>3</sub>-CHBr-CH=CH<sub>2</sub>
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Hydration, Dehydration, and Alcohols
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not a characteristic of an enzyme?
A)can react with both reactant enantiomers
B)increase the speed of reactions
C)proteins involved in biological reactions
D)selectively produce one product
E)All are characteristic of an enzyme.
Q2) Structure ____________________ would be classified as a phenol.
Q3) Structurally thiols are most closely related to which of the following classes of compounds?
A)alcohols
B)alkenes
C)phenols
D)alkynes
Q4) Draw the condensed structural formula and the line bond formula for 1-hexanol and explain how this structure differs from that of 3-hexanol.
Q5) Structure ___________________ would be the most soluble in water.
Q6) A 0.10 M solution of structure __________________ would be the most likely to have a pH less than 7.
Q7) Structure _____________________cannot be dehydrated.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Carbonyl Compounds and Redox Reactions
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Q1) If 2-hexanol underwent dehydration followed by dehydrogenation, the final product would be:
A)1-hexene
B)2-hexene
C)hexane
D)A mixture of 1-hexene and 2-hexene.
Q2) The reduction product of 1-pentene would be:
A)1-pentanol
B)1-pentyne
C)pentane
D)cyclopentane
Q3) The reduction of a aldehyde produces a secondary alcohol.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The metabolism of glucose occurs in a single step while that of fatty acids occurs in a series of step.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Step 7 converts -CH-OH to -C=O. This reaction _____________________ energy.
Q6) The reactant of step 5 is _______________________.
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Chapter 12: Organic Acids and Bases
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Sample Questions
Q1) When a amine dissolves in water, the pH is A)greater than 7.
B)less than 7.
C)neutral at about 7.
Q2) When propanthiol (structure shown below) ionizes in water, a product of the reaction is:
CH<sub>3</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-SH
A)CH<sub>3</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-SH<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup> B)CH<sub>3</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-OH C)CH<sub>3</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-S<sup>-</sup> D)CH<sub>3</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-SOH
Q3) Structure ____________________ would ionize in water and produce OH<sup>-</sup> ions.
Q4) Structure _____________________ would from a thioester bond with CoA.
Q5) Structure ____________________ could be a hydrogen bond donor or acceptor in water.
Q6) Compounds such as morphine (an amine) are often administered to a patient as a salt because the salt is more soluble in body fluids. A)True B)False
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Condensation and Hydrolysis Reactions
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Q1) Structures E and F are the products of a(n) ____________________ reaction.
Q2) ATP plays a role in all of the following processes except which one?
A)phosphorylation reactions
B)exothermic reactions
C)membrane transport
D)muscle contraction
Q3) Consider the polymer formed from equal numbers of the two amino acids glycine and alanine. Which of the following is not a property of this polymer?
A)copolymer
B)contains amide bonds
C)formed by an esterification reaction
D)might be part of a protein
Q4) Molecules of structure E can react with KOH in a(n) ___________________ reaction.
Q5) If taken together, ibuprofen could under go an acid-base reaction with
Q6) Structure B and structure C could combine in a(n) __________________ reaction.
Q7) Structure D is the product of the reaction of two alcohols in a(n) _______________________ reaction.
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Chapter 14: Proteins
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Q1) Which of the following must be supplied by the diet?
A)essential amino acids
B)iron
C)zinc
D)All must be part of the diet.
Q2) During the urea cycle, nitrogen is removed from amino acids and subsequently converted it to urea.
A)True
B)False
Q3) How many different amino acids are commonly found in proteins?
A)10
B)20
C)200
D)1000
Q4) Draw two ways serine can hydrogen bond with water.
Q5) A hydrophilic side chain is indicated by the number__________________.
Q6) An enzyme found in the blood would be expected to have maximum activity at a pH
A)slightly above 7.
B)slightly below 7.
C)of 7.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Carbohydrates
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Q1) Which is not common to the complete oxidation of glucose, lactic acid fermentation, and alcoholic fermentation?
A)exothermic reactions
B)glucose reactant
C)carbon dioxide product
D)occur is a series of steps
E)All of the above are common to these processes.
Q2) Consider the hydrolysis of starch to form monosaccharides. This process is:
A)is endothermic.
B)would require ATP.
C)catabolic.
D)All of these are correct.
Q3) If two molecules of ______________________ formed a bond, the bond would be classified as (1 4) glycosidic bond.
Q4) Explain what Type 1 diabetes is. Sometimes known as insulin-dependent diabetes and previously known as juvenile/childhood diabetes.
Q5) Per mole FADH<sub>2</sub> produces more energy than NADH.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: Lipids and Membranes
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Q1) ATP synthase uses concentration gradient energy.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What is the overall (net) yield of ATP when one molecule of stearic acid (C<sub>18</sub>H<sub>36</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) is oxidized to CO<sub>2</sub>?
A)122 ATP
B)120 ATP
C)116 ATP
D)114 ATP
Q3) Location of the electron transport chain:
Q4) Draw the structure of the triglyceride formed from glycerol and one molecule of stearic acid and two molecules of oleic acid. Use condensed formulas. There are two possible structures.
Q5) When one molecule of a unsaturated fat with a molecular formula of C<sub>56</sub>H<sub>107</sub>O<sub>6</sub> is oxidized 373.5 molecules of ATP are produced. Calculate the ATP yield in moles ATP per 100 g of this fat.
Q6) During the beta oxidation of the acid, _____molecules of FADH<sub>2</sub> are produced.
Page 18
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Chapter 17: Nucleic Acids, Protein Synthesis, and Heredity
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Q1) This nucleic acid would be found in RNA based on the structure indicated with the number_________________.
Q2) Draw the structure of CMP.
Q3) Nucleic acid segment not coding for a protein._____
Q4) The amino acid name that should be substituted for X is ________________________.
Q5) Determines the useful life span of mRNA._____
Q6) Which pair of bases is linked together by three hydrogen bonds?
A)adenine and cytosine
B)adenine and thymnine
C)guanine and cytosine
D)guanine and thymine
Q7) Which of the following does not accurately describe DNA?
A)DNA stores information in a sequence of bases.
B)All cells can translate the information stored in DNA.
C)The base sequences in DNA specify instructions for building proteins.
D)Nucleotide monophosphates supply the energy for DNA replication.
E)All of these accurately describe DNA.
Q9) The structure represented by D is _______________________. Page 19
Q8) The structure represented by C is the ______________________.
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