Oral Embryology Question
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Course Introduction
Oral Embryology is a foundational course that delves into the development of oral structures from conception through birth. The course covers the sequential processes involved in the formation of the face, jaws, teeth, palate, and oral mucosa, highlighting genetic and environmental factors that influence normal and abnormal development. Students will become familiar with the stages of tooth development, eruption, and the differentiation of various oral tissues. Emphasizing clinical relevance, the course also explores common developmental disturbances and anomalies affecting the oral cavity, providing essential knowledge for understanding congenital oral conditions and their implications in dental practice.
Recommended Textbook
Essentials of Oral Histology and Embryology A Clinical Approach 4th Edition by Daniel J. Chiego
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514 Verified Questions
514 Flashcards
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2
Chapter 1: Development and Structure of Cells and Tissues
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Sample Questions
Q1) Smooth muscle is consciously controlled.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) The foramen ovale is an opening between the right and left atria of the heart.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Which cellular component facilitates protein synthesis?
A) Ribosomes
B) Lysosomes
C) Mitochondria
D) Plasmalemma
Answer: A
Q4) The umbilical system carries oxygenated blood.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q5) Blood cells begin to form in the __________ __________ at weeks of development.
Answer: yolk sac
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Chapter 2: Structure and Function of Cells, Tissues, and Organs
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Sample Questions
Q1) The spinal cord consists of how many segments?
A) 21
B) 22
C) 30
D) 31
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following insulates axons located outside the CNS?
A) Bone
B) Endomysium
C) Myelin sheath
D) Connective tissue
Answer: C
Q3) The junctional epithelium of gingiva is replenished every _____ days.
A) 1 to 3
B) 4 to 6
C) 7 to 9
D) 10 to 13
Answer: B
Q4) List the components of the central nervous system.
Answer: Brain,spinal cord
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Chapter 3: Development of the Oral Facial Region
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31 Verified Questions
31 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Blood vessels in the third pharyngeal arch form the __________.
A) dorsal aorta
B) common carotid arteries
C) pulmonary blood vessels
D) dorsal aorta, common carotid arteries, and pulmonary blood vessels
Answer: B
Q2) The nasal capsule contains the organ of smell.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Meckel's cartilage provides structure for the developing _______.
A) maxilla
B) mandible
C) temporal bone
D) zygomatic bone
Answer: B
Q4) In which two locations do pharyngeal fistulas open to drain?
Answer: Side of the neck,pharynx
Q5) Which gland regulates the body's calcium balance?
Answer: Parathyroid
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Chapter 4: Development of the Face and Palate
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Sample Questions
Q1) The origin of the thyroid gland is the ________ _________.
Q2) A combination of genetic and _____ factors are associated with palatal and facial clefts.
A) social
B) behavioral
C) age-related
D) environmental
Q3) The tongue's immovable base develops from the first branchial arch.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which significant change occurs in the fifth prenatal week?
A) The heart begins to beat.
B) The bilateral placodes develop into nostrils.
C) The palatine shelves grow medially and contact the tongue.
D) The eyes move from the side of the face to the front of the face.
Q5) Cleft palate will not occur without cleft lip.
A)True
B)False
Q6) The _________ separates the oral and nasal cavities.
Q7) Identity two examples of apoptosis in prenatal development.
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Chapter 5: Development of Teeth
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Sample Questions
Q1) Accessory root canals connect the __________.
A) cementum with the enamel
B) pulp with the periodontal ligament
C) dentin with the alveolar bone proper
D) enamel with the junctional epithelium
Q2) Which sequence reflects the correct order of appearance?
A) Predentin, ameloblasts, enamel, odontoblasts
B) Ameloblasts, enamel, odontoblasts, predentin
C) Ameloblasts, odontoblasts, predentin, enamel
D) Odontoblasts, enamel, ameloblasts, predentin
Q3) Precursor odontoblast cells use cell signaling to determine the correct starting position.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The primary cuticle is best defined as which of the following?
A) Mineralized, mature enamel
B) A cell junction complex, which attaches one ameloblast to another
C) An organic substance secreted on the surface of enamel by ameloblasts
D) An unmineralized protein secreted by ameloblasts in a young enamel matrix
Q5) The periodontal ligament attaches which two surfaces?
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Chapter 6: Eruption and Shedding of the Teeth
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Sample Questions
Q1) Name two characteristics of both primary and permanent dentitions.
Q2) Shedding is the loss of mixed dentition caused by resorption of the roots.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which structure(s)increase(s)the surface area of the osteoclast?
A) Fibroblasts
B) Ruffled border
C) Periodontal fibers
D) Epithelial diagram
Q4) Hard tissue resorption is composed of which two phases?
A) Mineral and collagen phases
B) Prefunctional and functional phases
C) Extracellular and intracellular phases
D) Fibroclast eruptive and osteoclast functional phases
Q5) The eruption process is rapid and continuous.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Final maturation of the PDL fibers occurs at the _____ _____.
Q7) Briefly describe why humans are considered diphyodonts.
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Q8) The formation of the eruption ____________ is necessary for tooth eruption.
Chapter 7: Enamel
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Sample Questions
Q1) Enamel varies in density and hardness.
A)True
B)False
Q2) An enamel ______ houses a small extension of a living odontoblast.
A) rod
B) tuft
C) spindle
D) lamellae
Q3) Name the organic component of enamel.
Q4) Enamel is approximately ______thick at the occlusal or incisal surface.
A) 1 µm
B) 9 µm
C) 2.5 mm
D) 4.5 mm
Q5) Enamel rods extend perpendicular to the dentoenamel junction,but curve slightly toward the cusp tip.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Two ameloblast cells form the enamel rod _________.
Q7) The surface of an enamel rod is called the ______ _______.
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Chapter 8: Dentin
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Sample Questions
Q1) Odontoblasts have a singular process when they first differentiate.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Odontoblastic processes taper in diameter,being largest near the dentinoenamel junction and smallest near the pulp.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Dentin is responsive to the environment.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Dead tracts develop when odontoblasts die from trauma or old age.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Peritubular dentin is not found in the dentinal tubules of interglobular dentin.
A)True
B)False
Q6) An ________ __________ is the defining characteristic of globular dentin.
Q7) Osteodentin is a form of reparative dentin that resembles cartilage.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Dental Pulp
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compared with radicular pulp,coronal pulp is smaller and contains fewer elements.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which cell type is predominant in the cell-rich zone?
A) Fibroblasts
B) Osteoblasts
C) Erythroblast
D) Odontoblasts
Q3) The apical foramen is slightly larger in _____ teeth.
A) anterior
B) posterior
C) maxillary
D) mandibular
Q4) Inflammation of the pulp may spread to the ______.
A) dentin
B) enamel
C) predentin
D) peridontium
Q5) The ________ of the odontoblast is the largest part of the cell.
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Chapter 10: Cementum
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cementum resorption is rare,even in older patients.In fact,cementum is more resistant to resorption than bone.
A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.
Q2) The majority of cementocytes reside within the apical cementum.
A)True
B)False
Q3) List two characteristic differences between cementum and bone.
Q4) Intermediate cementum overlies dentin.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Cementum forms more rapidly than dentin.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Inner root sheath cells form the cellular-acellular cementum.
A)True
B)False
Q7) The initial layer of cementum is known as ____________.
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Chapter 11: Periodontium: Periodontal Ligament
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Sample Questions
Q1) The primary function of the periodontal ligament is to do which of the following?
A) Support the teeth.
B) Provide nutrition.
C) Transmit neural input.
D) Protect the cementum.
Q2) Which of the following is found on the surface of cementum?
A) Fibroblasts
B) Cementicles
C) Cementocytes
D) Cementoblasts
Q3) The periodontal ligament performs which secondary function?
A) Insulating and protecting the pulp
B) Forming cementum, bone, and enamel
C) Providing a sensory supply to the cementum
D) Supplying nutrients to the cementum and alveolar bone
Q4) Fibroblasts are most concentrated in the _______ _________.
Q5) List the five dentoalveolar fibers of the periodontal ligament.
Q6) ___________ stem from monocytes within the blood vascular system.
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Chapter 12: Periodontium: Alveolar Process and Cementum
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Sample Questions
Q1) Identify and describe two types of bone loss.
Q2) When a tooth is lost,the adjacent supporting tissues are also lost.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The alveolar crest is ___________ in the molar region.
A) flat
B) peaked
C) rounded
D) scalloped
Q4) Maintenance of the alveolar bone and cementum is reliant on which of the following?
A) Resorption
B) Tooth function
C) Routine professional dental care
D) Periods of masticatory inactivity
Q5) The lamina dura is less dense than the adjacent cancellous bone.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Tooth loss causes loss of periodontal fibers,as well as loss of _______ ________.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Temporomandibular Joint
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Sample Questions
Q1) The heads of mandibular condyles form secondary ossification centers.Secondary ossification centers produce epiphyseal lines (cartilage-bone junctions).
A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.
Q2) The lateral pterygoid muscle does which of the following?
A) Retracts the mandible
B) Protracts and elevates the mandible
C) Elevates the mandible and clenches the teeth
D) Protrudes the mandible and pulls the articular disk forward
Q3) Every individual has eight muscles of mastication.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The synovial membrane is associated with numerous capillaries and _________.
A) fluids
B) bones
C) ligaments
D) lymphatics
Q5) Name the four types of nerve endings in the TMJ.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Oral Mucosa
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Sample Questions
Q1) The three types of nonkeratinized cells are Langerhans,Merkel,and Fordyce.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Name two changes in oral mucosa that happen as a result of age.
Q3) Lymphocytes and leukocytes appear most often beneath the __________ epithelium
Q4) Which of the following best defines hemidesmosomes?
A) Discoid cells anchored by tonofibrils
B) Sebaceous glands located at the angles of the mouth
C) Minute disks that attach basal cells to the basal lamina
D) Cuboidal cells providing a basal layer for lining mucosa
Q5) Oral nerve endings are most highly concentrated ________ of the oral cavity.
A) on the roof
B) on the floor
C) in the anterior regions
D) in the posterior regions
Q6) Lining mucosa covers which structure?
A) Hard palate
B) Alveolar ridges
C) Floor of the mouth
D) Surface of the tongue
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Chapter 15: Salivary Glands and Tonsils
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33 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Serous acinar cells secrete into the lumen of the acinus and then drain directly into intercalated ducts.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A tubal tonsil is which of the following?
A) An ectopic tonsil located near a eustachian tube
B) A tonsil containing epithelial folds that double over into tubes
C) An infected tonsil that must be drained through the use of tubes
D) Tonsillar tissue that grows around other nearby glands in a tubular shape
Q3) The function of amylase is to aid in the digestion of _____________________.
Q4) Which of the following is the functional unit of the salivary gland?
A) Lobe
B) Alveolus
C) Intercalated duct
D) Zymogen granule
Q5) All salivary glands can be classified as _______________.
A) buccal, labial, or mixed
B) serous, mucous, or mixed
C) parotid, submandibular, or sublingual
D) palatine, glossopalatine, or sublingual
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Biofilms
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Sample Questions
Q1) Plaque is more mineralized than calculus.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The central __________ of a molar is an ideal site for the colonization of oral organisms.
Q3) The _________ allows plaque to form on the surface of the tooth.
Q4) The primary component of calculus is __________.
A) serum
B) bacteria
C) calcium
D) hydroxyapatite
Q5) Calculus varies in both composition and hardness.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Cuticular protein is the most important function of the primary cuticle.
A)True
B)False
Q7) Gingival inflammation has an effect on the cervical enamel.
A)True
B)False
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