Operations Research for Managers
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Course Introduction
Operations Research for Managers provides an in-depth exploration of analytical techniques and quantitative methods used to inform managerial decision-making in complex business environments. The course covers fundamental topics such as linear programming, decision analysis, simulation, queuing theory, and inventory management, emphasizing their real-world applications in operations, logistics, finance, and supply chain management. Students will develop critical problem-solving skills, learn to create robust mathematical models, and utilize specialized software tools to analyze business scenarios, ultimately enhancing their ability to optimize processes, allocate resources efficiently, and drive strategic organizational outcomes.
Recommended Textbook Business Research Methods 1st Edition by
William G. Zikmund
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Chapter 1: Introducing Business Research
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Q1) Positivists see the world:
A)very clearly.
B)as being a very positive place.
C)as having one reality of which we are all a part.
D)as being comprised of multiple realities.
Answer: C
Q2) The conceptual framework for the research project is contained in the one-sentence research question or statement which you, the researcher, develop from your reflection on your research idea and the literature published in the area of your research idea. Each key word in that one sentence is a key concept in your research.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Concepts are fundamental to research they:
A)are the research proposals that researchers create and develop.
B)are the building blocks of theory.
C)are the ways by which data is gathered for the research project.
D)provide insight into the manner in which data was gathered for the research.
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Developing Research Skills
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Q1) The objectives of the research are the actions the researcher takes in order to accomplish the aim of the research.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) The key to developing an idea for a research project is to focus on are area of interest and/or of use to you.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) It is important to develop a research project with a good fit. This means:
A)That the researcher and the research project must fit well together.
B)That the research project must fit well into the time allowed for it.
C)That the researcher can fit the project in with all of the other tasks and assignments s/he is charged with completing.
D)That each aspect of the research projects fits well, is congruent, with every other aspect of the research project.
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: Understanding Research Ethics
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Q1) Confidentiality in research is:
A)The way in which the researcher only discusses the research with a few named individuals.
B)Relates to the people the researcher takes into her/his confidence.
C)Generally refers to the guarantee that researchers often make to participants, individuals and/or organisations, that their contribution to the research project will remain confidential.
D)Relates to the request the researcher makes to participants that the research remain confidential.
Answer: C
Q2) Ethics in business is the application of ethical principles and standards to business research.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) The researcher reflects on the ethical issues in each phase of the research process.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 4: Understanding Research Philosophy
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Q1) Positivists perceive reality as being multiple and unique to each individual.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In the methodological pyramid:
A)Explains how to use the different methodologies in the research project.
B)Demonstrates the key parameters of the different methodologies.
C)The fundamental philosophies support the research methodologies which in turn support the data collection methods.
D)Is the fundamental philosophical framework of the research project.
Q3) There is no debate over the nature of reality.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The epistemological positions we are concerned with are:
A)Positivism, constructionism and interpretivism.
B)Quantitative and qualitative.
C)Detailed in the model of the research process.
D)Too numerous to list here.
Q5) Feminism is a philosophical framework.
A)True
B)False
6
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Chapter 5: Developing a Research Proposal
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Q1) The second framework of the four frameworks approach to the research project is:
A)The conceptual framework.
B)The theoretical framework.
C)The methodological framework.
D)The analytical framework.
Q2) The objectives of the research flow from:
A)The aim of the research.
B)The consciousness of the researcher.
C)The research idea.
D)Protracted discussions between the researcher and their supervisor.
Q3) A synopsis of the methodology is presented in the research proposal.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The first framework of the four frameworks approach to the research project is the theoretical framework.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What are spidergrams and what are they used for?
Q6) What is a research proposal?
Q7) Outline the first three steps of the research process.
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Chapter 6: Reviewing the Literature
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Q1) Using content analysis qualitatively, the researcher attempts to read between the lines, and tries to uncover the meaning underlying the written lines of text.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What is the distinction between research which is presented within its theoretical context and research which is not?
Q3) The theoretical framework is the:
A)First framework in the four frameworks approach to the research project.
B)Second framework in the four frameworks approach to the research project.
C)Third framework in the four frameworks approach to the research project.
D)Fourth framework in the four frameworks approach to the research project.
Q4) The first thing to be done when starting to write the literature review is to:
A)List all of the resources.
B)Start writing.
C)Develop a plan for its structure.
D)Figure out how to skew or bias it.
Q5) The search strategy can be outlined and developed in the research diary.
A)True B)False
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Chapter 7: Understanding Research Methodology and Design
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Q1) Longitudinal research is research that takes place:
A)Over a long period of time.
B)More than twice a year.
C)In the long periods between lectures.
D)In the long summer holidays.
Q2) Triangulation in social science research means :
A)You should use three data gathering methods.
B)You should engage with three different populations.
C)You should use three different research methodologies.
D)Looking at the phenomenon under investigation from more than one perspective.
Q3) A simple definition of case study methodology is that it is the in-depth study of a bounded entity.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The research methodology s the philosophical framework for:
A)The research project.
B)The literature review.
C)The theoretical framework.
D)The bibliography.
Q5) What is meant by the notion of 'fit' in relation to the research project?
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Chapter 8: Understanding Research Methods, Populations and Sampling
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Q1) Projective techniques are used to explore people's instinctive responses to stimuli, stimuli such as, for example, advertising campaigns. Projective techniques are indirect ways of exploring attitudes.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Field diaries are a means of gathering data.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Data gathering methods are designed in such a way as to ensure:
A)That they can be carried out quickly and simply.
B)That they can be analysed quickly and simply.
C)That they can be administered by research assistants.
D)That they will provide the data required.
Q4) Decisions with regard to whether to work with an entire population or a sample of the population are made based on the size of the population, the time available for the research, and the requirements of the research.
A)True
B)False
Page 10
Q5) Give three examples of human populations of research projects.
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Chapter 9: Using Secondary Data and Archival Sources
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Q1) Triangulation is:
A)The use of three data gathering methods.
B)The use of three secondary sources.
C)The use of three researchers.
D)The use of more than one approach to answering the research question or responding to the research issue.
Q2) It is important always to use secondary data in any research project..
A)True
B)False
Q3) A secondary source is:
A)An account of a phenomenon based on the witness or testimony of others.
B)A second rate account of an experience or phenomenon.
C)A first hand account of an experience or phenomenon.
D)A first rate account of an experience or phenomenon.
Q4) Try to ensure when you do select a sub-set of data:
A)That what you're doing is not illegal.
B)That the logic holds, that you understand what the data selected out really means.
C)That you don't lose data.
D)That you don't destroy the large data set.
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Chapter 10: Using Observation
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Q1) In order for data gathering to be systematic, there must be a system in place designed to facilitate the methodical collection of data.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The fourth thing the researcher has to do is to:
A)Decide on the easiest way of carrying out the research.
B)Decide on the data required for the research project.
C)Design the data gathering method. If observation is the method of data gathering selected, then the researcher must design the observation method to be use.
D)Decide how to gather data for the research project.
Q3) Data gathering techniques are part of the:
A)Literature review.
B)Theoretical framework.
C)Conceptual framework.
D)Methodological framework, the third framework in the four frameworks approach to the design of the research project.
Q4) Name three different kinds of observation
Q5) Name the three ways in which an observation study can be structured.
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Chapter 11: Using Interviews and Focus Groups
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Q1) In qualitative research, the researcher loosely designs the research instrument, in order to allow the research participants to control and shape the data that is gathered, and consequently the knowledge generated by the research project.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Bias can be introduced into a research project at any stage, as the design stage, during sampling, data gathering, data analysis, or at the stage of detailing findings and coming to conclusions about research.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The ontological perspectives with constructivist and interpretivist philosophical frameworks hold reality to be multiple, individually interpreted, or socially constructed.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Online focus groups (OFG) can be synchronous, in real time, or asynchronous, out of real time.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Using Questionnaires and Scales
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Q1) Questionnaires and scales are widely used in survey research.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Sentence completion exercises are:
A)Questionnaires.
B)Scales.
C)Projective techniques.
D)Secondary sources of data.
Q3) Leading questions in a questionnaire can:
A)Cause bias by leading the participants to a particular response through the way in which the question is framed.
B)Help respondents make up their minds about how to respond.
C)Aid the research by encouraging particular responses.
D)Facilitate the researcher by speeding up the data collection process.
Q4) The researcher works hard at producing a questionnaire and/or a scale that will be valid and reliable, that will provide the data needed for the research project, and that will be simple for the respondent to the research to complete.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Managing Data and Introducing Data Analysis
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Q1) The fourth and final stage of data analysis is the theorisation stage. The researcher theorises their data by linking it with the theory, laid out the in the literature review carried out for the research.
A)True
B)False
Q2) It is of the utmost importance that the analysis and the findings from the analysis are grounded in the data.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Sometimes researchers gather both quantitative and qualitative data for their research project; this is known as:
A)A mixed methods research project.
B)A large research project.
C)A large data set.
D)A cross concepts research project.
Q4) Soap and water is essential to the process of cleaning data.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Outline some of the key ways in which qualitative data can be analysed.
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Chapter 14: Analysing Quantitative Data
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Q1) The mean, mode and median are:
A)Measures of central tendency.
B)Measures of dispersion.
C)Measures of distance.
D)Measures of height.
Q2) When a researcher engages in quantitative analysis using inferential statistics, the sampling method used in selecting participants for the research project becomes critical. :
A)Probability sampling methods must be used
B)Non probability sampling methods must be used.
C)Purposive sampling methods must be used.
D)Judgemental sampling methods must be used.
Q3) The assumed cause is:
A)The dependent variable.
B)The independent variable.
C)The intervening variable.
D)The dichotomous variable.
Q4) Descriptive statistics are used to describe the data gathered.
A)True
B)False
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Analysing Qualitative Data
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Q1) In quantitative research the researcher is completely written out of the analysis.
A)True
B)False
Q2) If the methodology used in the research is discourse analysis:
A)Then the data analysis process will be phenomenological.
B)Then the data analysis process will be a grounded theory approach to data analysis.
C)Then the data analysis process will be the analysis of discourses.
D)Then the data analysis process will be a semiotic approach to data analysis.
Q3) If the methodology used in the research is grounded theory:
A)Then the data analysis process will be phenomenological.
B)Then the data analysis process will be a grounded theory approach to data analysis.
C)Then the data analysis process will be the analysis of discourses.
D)Then the data analysis process will be a semiotic approach to data analysis.
Q4) Qualitative research is situated within a positivist paradigm.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What is meant by the term 'thick description'?
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Chapter 16: Drawing Conclusions and Writing Research
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Q1) An abstract is:
A)A short one-paragraph summary of the thesis, for a 20,000 word thesis, the abstract would be less than 300 words long. It contains mention of all of the key concepts in the research project.
B)A summary of the thesis.
C)A short extract from the thesis.
D)A long extract from the thesis.
Q2) Every aspect of the methodological framework:
A)Should meet the highest statistical standards.
B)Must be unique to the research project.
C)Must be designed by the researcher.
D)Has to 'fit' with the research project, the methodology, the population and sample, the data gathering methods, the kinds of data gathered, the ways in which the data are analysed, the ethical issues considered.
Q3) The data analysis chapter:
A)Contains details of the research methodology.
B)Contains the analytical framework for the research project.
C)The methodological framework.
D)The conclusions and recommendations of the research.
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