Operations Management
Final Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Operations Management explores the design, operation, and improvement of processes that transform resources into goods and services. This course examines key concepts such as process analysis, quality management, supply chain optimization, inventory control, and lean production techniques. Students will gain insights into decision-making tools and strategies used by operations managers to improve productivity, efficiency, and competitiveness in both manufacturing and service organizations. Real-world case studies and practical applications are emphasized to prepare students for addressing operational challenges in a global business environment.
Recommended Textbook
Basic Business Statistics 12th Edition by Mark
L. Berenson
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Chapter 1: Introduction
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most analysts focus on the cost of tuition as the way to measure the cost of a college education. But incidentals, such as textbook costs, are rarely considered. A researcher at Drummand University wishes to estimate the textbook costs of first-year students at Drummand. To do so, she monitored the textbook cost of 250 first-year students and found that their average textbook cost was $600 per semester. Identify the variable of interest to the researcher.
A) The textbook cost of first-year Drummand University students
B) The year in school of Drummand University students
C) The age of Drummand University students
D) The cost of incidental expenses of Drummand University students
Answer: A
Q2) The number of defective apples in a single box is an example of a continuous variable.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) The Dean of Students conducted a survey on campus. SAT score in mathematics is an example of a ________ numerical variable.
Answer: discrete
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Chapter 2: Organizing and Visualizing Data
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Q1) Referring to Table 2-7, if a frequency distribution with equal sized classes was made from this data, and the first class was "10 but less than 20," the frequency of that class would be ________.
Answer: 9
Q2) Referring to Table 2-14, construct a table of total percentages. Answer: \[\begin{array} { l | r | r | r }
\text { Own } & \text { Male } & \text { Female } &{ \text { Total } } \\
\text { Yes } & 16.00 \% & 6.67 \% & 22.67 \% \\
\text { No } & 37.33 \% & 40.00 \% & 77.33 \% \\ \text { Total } & 53.33 \% & 46.67 \% & 100.00 \% \end{array}\]
Q3) Referring to Table 2-12, ________ percent of the 200 were males. Answer: 48%
Q4) The percentage polygon is formed by having the lower boundary of each class represent the data in that class and then connecting the sequence of lower boundaries at their respective class percentages.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 3: Numerical Descriptive Measures
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Sample Questions
Q1) Referring to Table 3-12, for a laptop computer that has a high rating, you will expect its performance score to
A) be about the same as its rating.
B) be low.
C) be high.
D) have no relationship with its rating.
Answer: C
Q2) Which of the following statistics is not a measure of central tendency?
A) Arithmetic mean
B) Median
C) Mode
D) Q
Answer: D
Q3) Referring to Table 3-7, what is the interquartile range of the change in the cost?
Answer: $832
Q4) Referring to Table 3-8, calculate the geometric mean rate of return per year for Company B.
Answer: -5.77%
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Chapter 4: Basic Probability
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Sample Questions
Q1) Simple probability is also called
A) marginal probability.
B) joint probability.
C) conditional probability.
D) Bayes' theorem.
Q2) A company has 2 machines that produce widgets. An older machine produces 23% defective widgets, while the new machine produces only 8% defective widgets. In addition, the new machine produces 3 times as many widgets as the older machine does. Given a randomly chosen widget was tested and found to be defective, what is the probability it was produced by the new machine?
A) 0.08
B) 0.15
C) 0.489
D) 0.511
Q3) Suppose A and B are mutually exclusive events where P(A)= 0.4 and P(B)= 0.5. Then P(A or B)= ________.
Q4) Referring to Table 4-3, the probability that a randomly selected individual is an adult and prefers chicken is ________.
Q5) Referring to Table 4-8, what percentage of the students live in a dormitory?
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Chapter 5: Discrete Probability Distributions
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Q1) Suppose that past history shows that 60% of college students prefer Brand C cola. A sample of 5 students is to be selected. The probability that exactly 1 prefers Brand C is
Q2) A national trend predicts that women will account for half of all business travelers in the next 3 years. To attract these women business travelers, hotels are providing more amenities that women particularly like. A recent survey of American hotels found that 70% offer hairdryers in the bathrooms. Consider a random and independent sample of 20 hotels. Find the probability that more than 7 but less than 13 of the hotels in the sample offered hairdryers in the bathrooms.
Q3) Referring to Table 5-8 if you decide to choose Design A for 90% of the production lines and Design B for the remaining production lines, what is the risk of your investment?
Q4) Referring to Table 5-7, what is the total standard deviation of value gain if you invest in both houses?
Q5) Referring to Table 5-3, the standard deviation of the number of retransmissions is
Q6) If X has a binomial distribution with n = 4 and p = 0.3, then P(X > 1)= ________.
Q7) Referring to Table 5-8, what is your expected profit when Design A is chosen?
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Chapter 6: The Normal Distribution and Other Continuous
Distributions
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Q1) A catalog company that receives the majority of its orders by telephone conducted a study to determine how long customers were willing to wait on hold before ordering a product. The length of waiting time was found to be a random variable best approximated by an exponential distribution with a mean length of waiting time equal to 2.8 minutes (i.e. the mean number of calls answered in a minute is 1/2.8). What is the probability that a randomly selected caller is placed on hold fewer than 7 minutes?
A) 0.0009119
B) 0.082085
C) 0.917915
D) 0.9990881
Q2) The owner of a fish market determined that the average weight for a catfish is 3.2 pounds with a standard deviation of 0.8 pound. Assuming the weights of catfish are normally distributed, the probability that a randomly selected catfish will weigh less than 2.2 pounds is ________.
Q3) A normal probability plot may be used to assess the assumption of normality for a particular set of data.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: Sampling and Sampling Distributions
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Q1) The question "How many times have you abused your spouse in the last 6 months?" will most likely result in nonresponse error.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Suppose the ages of students in Statistics 101 follow a right skewed distribution with a mean of 23 years and a standard deviation of 3 years. If we randomly sampled 100 students, which of the following statements about the sampling distribution of the sample mean age is incorrect?
A) The mean of the sampling distribution is equal to 23 years.
B) The standard deviation of the sampling distribution is equal to 3 years.
C) The shape of the sampling distribution is approximately normal.
D) The standard error of the sampling distribution is equal to 0.3 years.
Q3) Measurement error will become an ethical issue when the findings are presented without reference to sample size and margin of error.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Referring to Table 7-5, what proportion of the samples will have less than 15% of customers who will make a purchase after visiting the website?
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Chapter 8: Confidence Interval Estimation
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Q1) Referring to Table 8-4, a 99% confidence interval will contain 99% of the voltages for all such power packs.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Referring to Table 8-11, the parameter of interest is the proportion of the student population who feel comfortable reporting cheating by their fellow students.
A)True B)False
Q3) Referring to Table 8-5, 95% of the sample means will fall between 47.19 and 52.61.
A)True B)False
Q4) Referring to Table 8-1, they should sample ________ employees if they want to estimate the mean score of the employees within 5 points with 90% confidence.
Q5) Referring to Table 8-8, a 99% confidence interval will contain 99% of the student population who own a personal computer.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Fundamentals of Hypothesis Testing:
One-Sample Tests
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Q1) A major DVD rental chain is considering opening a new store in an area that currently does not have any such stores. The chain will open if there is evidence that more than 5,000 of the 20,000 households in the area are equipped with DVD players. It conducts a telephone poll of 300 randomly selected households in the area and finds that 96 have DVD players. State the test of hypothesis that is of interest to the rental chain.
A) H : 0.32 versus H : > 0.32
B) H : 0.25 versus H : > 0.25
C) H : 5,000 versus H : > 5,000
D) H : 5,000 versus H : > 5,000
Q2) Referring to Table 9-8, the company officials can conclude that there is sufficient evidence that the conversion rate at the company's website has increased using a level of significance of 0.05.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Referring to Table 9-1, state the alternative hypothesis for this study.
Q4) Referring to Table 9-8, the lowest level of significance at which the null hypothesis can be rejected is ________.
Q5) Referring to Table 9-9, state the alternative hypothesis for this study.
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Chapter 10: Two-Sample Tests
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Q1) Referring to Table 10-6, a one-tail test of the null hypothesis of no difference would ________ (be rejected/not be rejected)at the = 0.05 level of significance.
Q2) Referring to Table 10-11, construct a 95% confidence interval estimate of the difference in proportion between accounting majors and economic majors who have a job offer on graduation day.
Q3) Referring to Table 10-15, what is the value of the test statistic?
Q4) Referring to Table 10-13, which of the following represents the relevant hypotheses tested?
A) H : I - II 0 versus H : I - II < 0
B) H : I - II 0 versus H : I - II > 0
C) H : I - II = 0 versus H : I - II 0
D) H : I - II 0 versus H : I - II = 0
Q5) Referring to Table 10-7, the calculated value of the test statistic is ________.
Q6) Referring to Table 10-9, construct a 95% confidence interval estimate of the difference in the population proportion of satisfied guests between the two resorts.
Q7) Referring to Table 10-2, what is the 99% confidence interval estimate for the difference between two means?
Q8) Referring to Table 10-6, there are ________ degrees of freedom for this test.
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Chapter 11: Analysis of Variance
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Q1) Referring to Table 11-10, at 1% level of significance,
A) there is insufficient evidence to conclude that the difference between the mean traveling time for the different starting locations depends on the types of signs.
B) there is insufficient evidence to conclude that the difference between the mean traveling time for the different types of signs depends on the starting locations.
C) there is insufficient evidence to conclude that the relationship between traveling time and the types of signs depends on the starting locations.
D) All of the above.
Q2) Referring to Table 11-3, the within group variation or SSW is ________.
Q3) Referring to Table 11-8, the randomized block F test is valid only if the population of the amount of time needed has the same variance for the 3 brands.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Referring to Table 11-8, what is the estimated relative efficiency?
Q5) Referring to Table 11-7, what is the p-value of the F test statistic for testing the block effects?
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Chapter 12: Chi-Square Tests and Nonparametric Tests
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Q1) Referring to Table 12-9, at 5% level of significance, the critical value of the test statistic is
A) 3.8415.
B) 5.9914.
C) 9.4877.
D) 13.2767.
Q2) Referring to Table 12-14, the director now wants to know if the proportion of employees who use the service before the campaign and the proportion of employees who use the service after the campaign are the same. Which test should she use?
A) X²-test for difference in proportions
B) Z test for difference in proportions
C) McNemar test for difference in proportions
D) Wilcoxon rank sum test
Q3) Referring to Table 12-5, there is sufficient evidence to conclude that the proportions between procedure A and procedure B are different at a 0.05 level of significance.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Referring to Table 12-3, the value of the test statistic is ________.
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Chapter 13: Simple Linear Regression
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Q1) Referring to Table 13-1, a 95% confidence interval for is (15, 30). Interpret the interval.
A) You are 95% confident that the mean service charge will fall between $15 and $30 per month.
B) You are 95% confident that the sales revenue (X) will increase between $15 and $30 million for every $1 increase in service charge (Y).
C) You are 95% confident that mean service charge (Y) will increase between $15 and $30 for every $1 million increase in sales revenue (X).
D) At the = 0.05 level, there is no evidence of a linear relationship between service charge (Y) and sales revenue (X).
Q2) The sample correlation coefficient between X and Y is 0.375. It has been found out that the p-value is 0.744 when testing H : = 0 against the one-sided alternative H : < 0. To test H : = 0 against the two-sided alternative H : 0 at a significance level of 0.1, the p-value is
A) 0.744/2.
B) (0.744)(2).
C) 1 - 0.744.
D) (1 - 0.744)(2).
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Chapter 14: Introduction to Multiple Regression
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Q1) Referring to Table 14-11, in terms of the ?s in the model, give the mean change in weight-loss (Y)for every 1 month increase in time in the program (X?)when attending the afternoon session.
A) ?? + ??
B) ?? + ??
C) ??
D) ?? + ??
Q2) Referring to Table 14-17 Model 1, there is sufficient evidence that the number of weeks a worker is unemployed due to a layoff depends on at least one of the explanatory variables at a 10% level of significance.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Referring to 14-16, what is the value of the test statistic to determine whether HP makes a significant contribution to the regression model in the presence of the other independent variables at a 5% level of significance?
Q4) Referring to Table 14-7, the department head wants to use a t test to test for the significance of the coefficient of X . The value of the test statistic is ________.
Q5) Referring to Table 14-10, the standard error of the estimate is ________.
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Chapter 15: Multiple Regression Model Building
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Q1) Referring to Table 15-5, what is the value of the variance inflationary factor of Sedan?
Q2) Referring to Table 15-4, what is the value of the test statistic to determine whether the quadratic effect of daily average of the percentage of students attending class on percentage of students passing the proficiency test is significant at a 5% level of significance?
Q3) Referring to Table 15-6, what is the value of the Mallow's Cp statistic for the model that includes all the six independent variables?
Q4) Referring to Table 15-1, what is the value of the test statistic for testing whether there is an upward curvature in the response curve relating the demand (Y)and the price (X)?
A) -5.14
B) 0.95
C) 373
D) None of the above.
Q5) Referring to Table 15-6, what is the value of the variance inflationary factor of Age?
Q6) Referring to Table 15-5, what is the value of the variance inflationary factor of MPG?
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Chapter 16: Time-Series Forecasting
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Q1) Referring to Table 16-4, exponential smoothing with a weight or smoothing constant of 0.2 will be used to forecast wine sales. The forecast for 2011 is ________.
Q2) Referring to Table 16-13, you can conclude that the second-order autoregressive model is appropriate at the 5% level of significance.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A second-order autoregressive model for average mortgage rate is:
Rate = - 2.0 + 1.8(Rate) - 0.5 (Rate) .
If the average mortgage rate in 2010 was 7.0, and in 2009 was 6.4, the forecast for 2011 is
Q4) Referring to Table 16-13, what is your forecast for the 13 month using the linear-trend model?
Q5) Which of the following is not an advantage of exponential smoothing?
A) It enables you to perform one-period ahead forecasting.
B) It enables you to perform more than one-period ahead forecasting.
C) It enables you to smooth out seasonal components.
D) It enables you to smooth out cyclical components.
Q6) Referring to Table 16-7, the fitted trend value for 1995 is ________.
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Chapter 17: Statistical Applications in Quality Management
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Q1) Referring to Table 17-6, a p control chart is to be constructed for these data. The lower control limit is ________, while the upper control limit is ________.
Q2) The control limits are based on the standard deviation of the process.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Referring to Table 17-1, what is the numerical value of the center line for the p chart?
A) 0.926
B) 0.911
C) 0.885
D) 0.500
Q4) Referring to Table 17-3, suppose the analyst constructs an R chart to see if the variability in production times is in-control. What is the lower control limit for this R chart?
A) 4.84
B) 3.37
C) 2.98
D) 1.34
Q5) Referring to Table 17-10, construct a c chart for the number of defective items.
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Chapter 18: A Roadmap for Analyzing Data
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Q1) An airline wants to select a computer software package for its reservation system. Four software packages (1, 2, 3, and 4)are commercially available. An experiment is set up in which each package is used to make reservations for 5 randomly selected weeks and data on the number of passengers that are bumped over a month are collected. (A total of 20 weeks was included in the experiment.)The variability of the number of passengers that are bumped is found to be roughly the same for the 4 packages. The distribution on the number of passengers that are bumped has been found out to be right-skewed for package 1 and 4, left-skewed for package 2 and normal for package 3. Which of the following tests will be the most appropriate to find out if the mean number of passengers being bumped over a month is the same across the 4 packages?
A) Paired t test
B) Pooled-variance t test
C) One-way ANOVA F test for differences among more than two means
D) Kruskal-Wallis rank test
Q2) Data were collected on the amount of detergent used in gallons in a month by 25 drive-through car wash operations in Phoenix. You can use a time-series plot to present this information.
A)True
B)False
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