Operations Management
Exam Answer Key
Course Introduction
Operations Management is a course that explores the principles, practices, and strategies involved in designing, operating, and improving business processes within manufacturing and service organizations. Emphasizing the efficient use of resources, the course covers key topics such as process analysis, capacity planning, supply chain management, inventory control, quality assurance, and project management. Students will learn to analyze and optimize processes, make informed operational decisions, and apply quantitative and qualitative techniques to solve real-world problems, ultimately enhancing organizational productivity and competitiveness.
Recommended Textbook Spreadsheet Modeling and Decision Analysis 7th Edition by Cliff Ragsdale
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Modeling and Decision Analysis
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is true of using models in problem solving and decision analysis?
A)It is a fairly new idea.
B)It is required in order to find good solutions.
C)It is something everyone has done before.
D)It is tied to the use of computers.
Answer: C
Q2) Integer programming is an example of:
A)a prescriptive model.
B)a predictive model.
C)a descriptive model.
D)a sound model.
Answer: A
Q3) Which of the following categories of modeling techniques includes simulation?
A)Descriptive models
B)Predictive models
C)Prescriptive models
D)Scale models
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Introduction to Optimization and Linear Programming
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Sample Questions
Q1) The constraint for resource 1 is 5 X<sub>1 </sub>+ 4 X<sub>2 </sub> 200.If X<sub>1 </sub>= 40 and X<sub>2 </sub>= 20,how many additional units,if any,of resource 1 are employed above the minimum of 200?
A)0
B)20
C)40
D)80
Answer: D
Q2) A company makes two products,X<sub>1 </sub>and X<sub>2</sub>.They require at least 20 of each be produced.Which set of lower bound constraints reflect this requirement?
A)X<sub>1 </sub> 20,X<sub>2 </sub> 20
B)X<sub>1 </sub>+ X<sub>2 </sub> 20
C)X<sub>1 </sub>+ X<sub>2 </sub> 40
D)X<sub>1 </sub> 20,X<sub>2 </sub> 20,X<sub>1 </sub>+ X<sub>2 </sub> 40
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Modeling and Solving Lp Problems in a Spreadsheet
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which function is equivalent to =SUMPRODUCTA1:A3,B1:B3)?
A)=SUMPRODUCTA1:A3,B1:B3))
B)=PRODUCTSUMA1:A3,B1:B3))
C)=PRODUCTA1+B1,A2+B2,A3+B3))
D)=A1*B1+A2*B2+A3*B3
Answer: D
Q2) Problems which have only integer solutions are called
A)discrete programming problems
B)integer programming problems
C)discrete programming problems.
D)infeasible programming problems
Answer: B
Q3) Refer to Exhibit 3.5.What formula could be entered in cell F20 in the accompanying Excel spreadsheet to compute the Total Cost for all four quarters?
A)SUMPRODUCT$C$4:$F$4,C17:F17)
B)SUMC17:F17)+ SUMC18:F18)
C)PRODUCTSUMC14:F15,C17:F18)
D)SUMPRODUCTC4:F4,C14:F14)+ SUMPRODUCTC6:F6,C15:F15)
Answer: B
Page 5
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Chapter 4: Sensitivity Analysis and the Simplex Method
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Sample Questions
Q1) Solve this problem graphically.What is the optimal solution and what constraints are binding at the optimal solution?
MIN: <sup>7 X</sup><sub>1 </sub><sup>+ 3 X</sup><sub>2</sub>
Subject to: <sup>4 X</sup><sub>1 </sub><sup>+ 4 X</sup><sub>2 </sub><sup> 40</sup>
2 X<sub>1 </sub>+ 3 X<sub>2 </sub> 24 X<sub>1</sub>,X<sub>2 </sub> 0
Q2) The coefficients in an LP model c<sub>j</sub>,a<sub>ij</sub>,b<sub>j</sub>)represent
A)random variables.
B)numeric constants.
C)random constants.
D)numeric variables.
Q3) A robust solution to an LP problem
A)is interior of the feasible region
B)has a reasonably good objective function value
C)is sub-optimal
D)all of the above
Q4) Refer to Exhibit 4.1.Should the company negotiate for additional air delivery capacity?
Q5) Refer to Exhibit 4.1.Are there alternate optimal solutions to this problem?
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Chapter 5: Network Modeling
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Sample Questions
Q1) The supply nodes in the graphical representation of the transshipment problem:
A)have total available quantities expressed as negative numbers
B)have all directed arcs terminating at them
C)have some unidirectional arcs
D)have total demanded quantities expressed as positive numbers
Q2) A network flow problem that allows gains or losses along the arcs is called a A)non-constant network flow model.
B)non-directional,shortest path model.
C)generalized network flow model.
D)transshipment model with linear side constraints.
Q3) The number of constraints in network flow problems is determined by the number of A)nodes.
B)arcs.
C)demands.
D)supplies.
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7
Chapter 6: Integer Linear Programming
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are binary integer variables?
A)Variables with any two values,a and b.
B)Variables with values 0 and 1.
C)Variables whose sum of digits is 2
D)Variables with values between 0 and 1.
Q2) The concept of an upper bound in IP is associated with:
A)LP relaxation of a minimization problem
B)LP relaxation of a maximization problem
C)a cutting plane technique
D)explicit enumeration of corner point solutions
Q3) Binary variables are useful for modeling
A)the fixed-charge problem
B)the assignment problem
C)the transportation problem
D)the shortest route problem
Q4) Rounding the LP relaxation solution up or down to the nearest integer may:
A)produce an infeasible solution
B)simplify the IP solution procedure
C)eliminate the need for B&B
D)reduce the risk of infeasibility
8
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Chapter 7: Goal Programming and Multiple Objective Optimization
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the soft constraint form of the following hard constraint? 3X<sub>1 </sub>+ 2 X<sub>2 </sub>? 10
A)\(3 \mathrm{X}_{1}+2 \mathrm{X}_{2}+\mathrm{d}_{1}^{-}-\mathrm{d}_{1}^{+}=10\)
B)\(3 \mathrm{X}_{1}+2
\mathrm{X}_{2}+\mathrm{d}_{1}+\mathrm{d}_{1}^{+}=10\)
C)\(3 \mathrm{X}_{1}+2 \mathrm{X}_{2}-\mathrm{d}_{1}^{-}-\mathrm{d}_{1}^{+} \leq 10\)
D)\(3 \mathrm{X}_{1}+2 \mathrm{X}_{2}+\mathrm{d}_{1}^{-}-\mathrm{d}_{1}^{+} \geq 10\)
Q2) Refer to Exhibit 7.1.Which of the following is a constraint specified to Analytic Solver Platform for this model?
A)$B$9:$E$9=$B$6:$E$6
B)$B$9:$E$9<$B$10:$E$10
C)$B$9:$E$9=$B$10:$E$10
D)$B$9:$E$9>$B$10:$E$10
Q3) Refer to Exhibit 7.4.What formulas should go in cell E26 of the spreadsheet?
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Nonlinear Programming and Evolutionary Optimization
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Sample Questions
Q1) How much are additional units of Labor worth based on the following sensitivity report?
Changing Cells
Final Reduced
Cell Name Value Gradient
$B$4 <sup>Number to make: X</sup><sub>1</sub><sub> </sub>9.42 0
$C$4 <sup>Number to make: X</sup><sub>2</sub><sub> </sub>1.71 0 Constraints
Final Lagrange
Cell Name Value Multiplier
A)0
B)1.21
C)2.57
D)9.42
$D$8 Wood 42 0
$D$9 Labor 132 1.21
$D$10 Plywood 24 2.57
Q2) Refer to Exhibit 8.2.The company wishes to have a relatively square building.Thus,they wish neither the building length nor the building width exceed the other by more than 25%.Add constraints)to enforce this design constraint.
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Chapter 9: Regression Analysis
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Sample Questions
Q1) Refer to Exhibit 9.7.What is the SS for Total?
Q2) Estimation errors are often referred to as A)mistakes.
B)constant errors.
C)residuals.
D)squared errors.
Q3) Refer to Exhibit 9.1.Predict the mean number of labor hours for a batch of 5 parts.
Q4) Refer to Exhibit 9.6.What is the F-statistic value?
Q5) Refer to Exhibit 9.5.Predict the mean value based on X<sub>1</sub>,X<sub>2</sub>,X<sub>3</sub>)= 3,32,50).Use the best predictive model based on data from the table.
Q6) Refer to Exhibit 9.4.Based on the data in the table which is the best model for the charity to use? Explain which values you used to reach your conclusion.
Q7) Refer to Exhibit 9.2.Interpret the meaning of the "Lower 95%" and "Upper 95%" terms in cells F16:G16 of the spreadsheet.
Q8) Refer to Exhibit 9.2.Interpret the meaning of R Square in cell B3 of the spreadsheet.
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Chapter 10: Data Mining
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Sample Questions
Q1) In hierarchical clustering,the measure of similarity between clusters is/are
A)single linkage
B)complete linkage
C)Ward's method
D)all of the above
Q2) A algorithm is used during the training process to adjust weights in a neural network
A)backpropagation
B)branch-and-bound
C)Simplex
D)cutting plane
Q3) The objective of classification tree algorithms is to
A)minimize the average weighted impurity of the resulting partitions
B)maximize the average weighted impurity of the resulting partitions
C)maximize the average weighted purity of the resulting partitions
D)maximize the likelihood estimator of the resulting partitions
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Chapter 11: Time Series Forecasting
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Sample Questions
Q1) Forecasting into distant future periods
A)is unreliable
B)is expensive
C)is easy
D)assumes changing data patterns
Q2) Refer to Exhibit 11.3.What is the exponential smoothing forecast for month 2?
A)69.75 ? forecast < 70.25
B)73.00 ? forecast < 73.50
C)74.75 ? forecast < 75.25
D)79.75 ? forecast < 81.25
Q3) A technique that analyzes past behavior of a time-series variable to predict the future is referred to as
A)a regression model.
B)a seasonal model.
C)a past performance model.
D)an extrapolation model.
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Chapter 12: Introduction to Simulation Using Analytic Solver
Platform
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Sample Questions
Q1) A variable whose value cannot be predicted or set with certainty is a
A)discrete variable
B)random variable
C)realistic variable
D)simulation variable
Q2) If chance or uncertainty is present in a system then there is an element of in the decision-making problem.
A)danger
B)security
C)risk
D)difficulty
Q3) Which of the following probability distributions are associated with continuous outcomes?
a.Poisson
b.Binomial
c.Custom
d.Triangular
Q4) What function should be used for generating random numbers between 1 and 12 from a continuous uniform distribution?
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Chapter 13: Queuing Theory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Refer to Exhibit 13.7.Based on this report what is the probability that a customer does not have to wait for assistance with his or her taxes?
Q2) In the Kendall notation M/G/4,M stands for
A)memoryless arrival distribution
B)memoryless departure distribution
C)memoryless arrival and departure distributions
D)none of the above
Q3) Which of the following is the typical operating characteristic for average time a unit spends waiting for service?
A)W
B)W<sub>q</sub>
C)L
D)L<sub>q</sub>
Q4) The number of arrivals to a store follows a Poisson distribution with mean = 10/hour.What is the mean inter-arrival time?
A)6 seconds
B)6 minutes
C)10 minutes
D)10 hours
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Chapter 14: Decision Analysis
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Sample Questions
Q1) Refer to Exhibit 14.14.Why does the strategy table,examining the risk associated with PG|A)and PG|B)never show "Sell A" or "Trade B for D" as selected options?
Q2) In a graphical representation of decision trees the event nodes are represented by A)squares
B)circles
C)solid dots
D)ovals
Q3) In a graphical representation of decision trees the decision nodes are represented by A)squares
B)circles
C)solid dots
D)ovals
Q4) Refer to Exhibit 14.9.What formula should go in cell D5 and get copied to D6:D8 to implement the maximin decision rule?
Q5) Refer to Exhibit 14.9.What formula should go in cell D5 and get copied to D6:D8 to implement the maximax decision rule?
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Chapter 15: Project Management Online
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Sample Questions
Q1) Refer to Exhibit 15.6.Is it necessary to draw an arc from the node for activity F to the node for activity I?
Q2) The term "time zero" identifies
A)the start time for each activity.
B)the start time for the project.
C)midnight on each work day.
D)days with not wasted effort.
Q3) Refer to Exhibit 15.3.Draw the CPM network for this problem.Use AON notation.
Q4) Refer to Exhibit 15.5.If the following project must be completed by day 18 at minimum cost how do we change the LP model?
Q5) Refer to Exhibit 15.3.Identify each path through the network and its expected length.
Q6) An activity
A)is an effort required to complete part of the project
B)is a milestone
C)consumes no resources
D)describes precedence relationship
Q7) Refer to Exhibit 15.4.Identify each path through the network and its expected length.
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