Occupational Therapy Interventions in Pediatrics Practice Questions
Course Introduction
This course explores evidence-based occupational therapy interventions designed for pediatric populations, focusing on infants, children, and adolescents with a variety of physical, sensory, developmental, or cognitive challenges. Students will learn to assess client needs, set meaningful goals, and apply therapeutic strategies within diverse contexts such as home, school, and community settings. Emphasis is placed on family-centered care, play-based approaches, sensory integration, and collaborative practice with interdisciplinary teams. Through case studies and practical application, students will develop skills to support the participation, growth, and independence of children in daily life activities.
Recommended Textbook
Pediatric Skills for Occupational Therapy Assistants 4th Edition by Jean W. Solomon
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Chapter 1: Scope of Practice
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Q1) Akita recently attended a workshop designed for fieldwork educators.She is now compiling a student notebook for Level II fieldwork experiences.What type of scholarship is this?
A) Application
B) Integration
C) Discovery
D) Teaching
Answer: B
Q2) Which of the following is not a category in the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework (OTPF)?
A) Areas of occupation
B) Performance arenas
C) Context and environment
D) Client factors
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Family Systems
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Q1) What is the best approach if a family consistently misses therapy appointments?
A) Give up because the family does not care about the child and does not understand the value of therapy
B) Keep the therapy goals and continue to make appointments in hopes that the family will cooperate
C) Report the family to the proper authorities to be investigated for negligence
D) Reestablish the goals of therapy with family
Answer: D
Q2) Which statement best describes a family-centered approach to intervention?
A) Families are told to put their children in the hands of specialists who will design and implement therapy.
B) Families receive special training and instruction about disabilities.
C) Practitioners develop intervention plans in collaboration with families.
D) Practitioners tell families how to treat and educate their children.
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Medical Systems
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Q1) "Client presents with developmental delays in areas of postural control, bilateral hand function, and attention to task which interfere with his ability to engage in self-care, social participation, and play." In which part of the note does this statement belong?
A) S
B) O
C) A
D) P
Answer: D
Q2) Along with monitoring respiratory rate, what else is important for practitioners to note while working in a medical setting?
A) Work of child's breathing
B) Intake and outtake
C) Medications
D) Muscle tone throughout
Answer: A
Q3) OTAs play a vital role in the NICU.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 4: Educational Systems
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Q1) What is the parent's and child's right to bring legal action against a school called?
A) Due process.
B) LRE.
C) Part C of EHA.
D) Zero reject.
Q2) What type of service is the COTA providing by training the teacher to work on the handwriting skills of an 8-year-old student with coordination difficulties?
A) Direct service
B) Monitoring
C) Consultation
D) Assistance
Q3) Which strategy is recommended for working with parents?
A) Ask parents for their concerns and input about their child.
B) Do not ask for advice from them.
C) Provide parents with a long list of problems.
D) Wait until the evaluation to speak to them about their concerns.
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Chapter 5: Community Systems
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Q1) What are the goals of Healthy People 2020?
A) Document the need for OT services.
B) Develop national health priorities.
C) Increase life quality.
D) Document health disparities.
Q2) Jeannie, the Certified Occupational Therapy Assistant (COTA), is responsible for planning and implementing an after-school exercise program for children in the second and third grades.In which of the following systems is Jeannie working?
A) Family
B) Community
C) Educational
D) Medical
Q3) Which of the following accurately defines the term community?
A) One's natural environment
B) Area with geographic boundaries
C) Population with boundaries
D) A and B only
E) All of the above
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Chapter 6: Principles of Normal Development
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Q1) Which progression most closely reflects typical development?
A) Catching a large ball using both hands and body before catching with one hand away from body.
B) Picking up small pieces of cereal with the tips of the fingers before grabbing with the whole hand.
C) Skipping before hopping on both feet together.
D) Sitting before rolling over.
Q2) What is the length of the typical prenatal period?
A) 4 weeks
B) 12 weeks
C) 30 weeks
D) 40 weeks
Q3) Which statement is not a basic principle of developmental theory?
A) Development is sequential and predictable.
B) Maturation and experience affect development.
C) Development involves changes in biological, psychological, and social systems.
D) Controlled sensory input can assist a child in organizing the central nervous system.
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Chapter 7: Development of Performance Skills
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Q1) Which reflex does not disappear at 4 months?
A) Rooting reflex
B) Palmar grasp
C) Landau
D) Moro
Q2) Daniel continually drops various objects from his high chair and is fascinated by watching the objects fall.Daniel is likely at what stage of Piaget's sensorimotor period?
A) Invention of New Means through Mental Combinations
B) Tertiary Circular Reactions
C) Primary Circular Reactions
D) Secondary Circular Reactions
Q3) What age range most closely represents an infant who is able to roll from prone to supine, get into a quadruped position, has complete head control and transfers objects from hand to hand while in supine, reaches with one hand, uses radial palmar grasp, and reaches to be picked up?
A) 1-2 months
B) 6-8 months
C) 9-12 months
D) 13-18 months
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Chapter 8: Development of Occupations
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Q1) What type of social play is demonstrated when a child plays next to another child in the sandbox without interacting?
A) Solitary
B) Parallel
C) Competitive
D) Group play
Q2) Which sequence describes the progression of play according to Reilly?
A) Competency, achievement, exploratory
B) Achievement, competency, exploratory
C) Exploratory, achievement, competency
D) Exploratory, competency, achievement
Q3) What does the age at which children develop independent self-care skills depend on?
A) Family's cultural expectations
B) Opportunities for practice
C) The child's motivation to be independent
D) Both A and C
E) All of the above
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Chapter 9: Adolescent Development: Becoming an Adult
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Q1) Which fact is not true concerning American teenagers?
A) Eighteen percent of adolescents are overweight.
B) Depression is a significant health concern.
C) Seventy-five percent of teens report using marijuana.
D) Alcohol is the most widely used drug by adolescents.
Q2) Which stage of adolescent development involves the teen being engrossed with self (e.g., interested in personal appearance), decreased compliance with parents' rules, questioning of adults, and changing moods and behaviors?
A) Early adolescence
B) Middle adolescence
C) Late adolescence
D) All stages
Q3) Which statement(s) best reflects the cognitive development of adolescents?
A) Thinking becomes abstract, creative, and complex.
B) Adolescents have difficulty with problem solving.
C) Adolescents learn the consequences of their actions.
D) Both A and C are correct.
E) All of the above are correct.
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Chapter 10: The Occupational Therapy Process
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Q1) Which statement best represents a top-down approach toward intervention?
A) Haley will bring both hands together during play.
B) Haley will pick up a Cheerio with a neat pincer grasp.
C) Haley will play with a variety of toys using two hands.
D) Haley will stack four cubes using both hands.
Q2) Which frame of reference is described when the practitioner identifies the level of motor skill a child is achieving and works to help the child accomplish the next step in the sequence?
A) Biomechanical
B) Developmental
C) Motor control
D) Sensory integration
Q3) Carrie is 5 years old and unable to dress herself.Her mother must put on her clothes completely, although Carrie is able to select the clothing by nodding to make a choice.What type of performance is this?
A) Assisted performance
B) Dependent performance
C) Functional independence
D) Supervised performance
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Chapter 11: Anatomy and Physiology for the Pediatric
Practitioner
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Q1) A physiologist is a biologist who studies A) function.
B) structure.
C) evolution.
D) genetics.
Q2) Which statement describes the autonomic nervous system?
A) It consists of the brain and spinal cord.
B) It consists of a network of peripheral nerves.
C) It consists of the "fight-or-flight" and "rest-and-digest" nerves.
D) It controls movement only.
Q3) Which plane divides the body into upper and lower parts?
A) Frontal
B) Sagittal
C) Horizontal
D) Rotational
Q4) What is the primary function of most epithelial tissue?
A) Sensation
B) Covering surfaces
C) Absorption
D) Connecting surfaces
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Chapter 12: Neuroscience for the Pediatric Practitioner
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Q1) Which ascending pathway is responsible for enabling a child to feel objects within his or her hand (without using vision)?
A) Dorsal column medial lemniscus (DCML)
B) Lateral corticospinal pathway
C) Lateral spinothalamic tract
D) Vestibulospinal
Q2) What type of damage is characterized by hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, spastic paralysis or weakness as in cerebral palsy, hydrocephalus, or shaken baby syndrome?
A) Autonomic nervous system
B) Central nervous system
C) Motor system
D) Peripheral nervous system
Q3) Which statement reflects the dynamic and ever-changing nature of the brain?
A) Cell migration
B) Neuroplasticity
C) Physiology
D) Proliferation
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Chapter 13: Pediatric Health Conditions
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Q1) Bob, a 5-year-old boy, is unable to dress himself and cannot write his name or count to 10.Bob has a longish face with a high forehead and prominent jaw; he has lax joints and stands with flat feet.Which genetic disorder is suspected?
A) Cri du chat syndrome
B) Down syndrome
C) Fragile X syndrome
D) Prader-Willi syndrome
Q2) Why is it important for a COTA to understand the problems commonly associated with a specific diagnosis?
A) To know what to expect when seeing the child for the first time.
B) To prepare for the initial evaluation.
C) To be a more valuable member of the treatment team.
D) All of the above.
Q3) What are common signs of arthrogryposis?
A) Absence of muscle tissue and stiffness of all or most of the extremity joints.
B) Arthritis, spinal stiffness, and visual problems.
C) Developmental delays resulting from intellectual disabilities.
D) All of the above.
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Chapter 14: Childhood and Adolescent Psychosocial and Mental
Health Disorders
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Q1) Susie is a 14-year-old who is hospitalized with major depressive disorder.One of your OT goals is to improve her use of leisure time.Which of the following leisure activities would be best for Susie if she has been experiencing isolation and withdrawal recently?
A) Playing checkers with another client.
B) Playing solitaire.
C) Reading a book.
D) Watching TV in her private hospital room.
Q2) Gerald, a 5-year-old kindergartner, is reluctant to go to sleep without his parents nearby.He clings to his parents each morning when being dropped off at school and spends the first 30 minutes in tears, even after the second month of school.What do these symptoms represent?
A) Normal reactions to new situations
B) Phobic anxiety disorder
C) Separation anxiety
D) Generalized anxiety disorder
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Chapter 15: Childhood and Adolescent Obesity
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Q1) What is the problem with sedentary activities (e.g., playing computer games) in regard to obesity?
A) They require a low expenditure of energy.
B) They displace high-energy activities.
C) They place visual strain on the eyes.
D) Children eat while they play.
Q2) What is the recommended physical activity level for children?
A) Vigorous activity for 1 hour daily.
B) Moderate activity for 30 minutes daily.
C) Quiet activity all day long.
D) Outdoor play for at least 20 minutes daily.
Q3) What is the category for a body mass index (BMI) value that falls in the 96th percentile?
A) Healthy weight
B) Overweight
C) Obese
D) Morbidly obese
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Chapter 16: Intellectual Disabilities
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Q1) Joey is 18 years old and intellectually disabled.He completed the seventh grade and is going to start vocational training in the fall.In which category of intellectual disability does Joey fit?
A) Mild
B) Moderate
C) Severe
D) Profound
Q2) What must be included for a child to be diagnosed with an intellectual disability?
A) Below-average intellectual functioning
B) Motor delays
C) Deficit in two or more skill areas
D) Both A and C
E) All of the above
Q3) Which statement is true regarding children with intellectual disabilities?
A) Those with similar IQs will function alike.
B) There are individual differences between children with the same IQs.
C) There is little variation between classifications.
D) They will always fully depend on a caregiver.
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Chapter 17: Cerebral Palsy
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Q1) What is the role of orthoses for children who have cerebral palsy?
A) Improve range of motion
B) Improve overall function
C) Decrease muscle tone
D) Decrease pain
Q2) What is one of the problems seen most frequently in children with cerebral palsy?
A) Early integration of the primitive reflexes
B) Absent or impaired righting and equilibrium responses
C) Wide ranges of movement patterns
D) Excessive muscle strength
Q3) Stacey has increased muscle tone affecting only the lower half of her body.What type of cerebral palsy describes this pattern?
A) Diplegia
B) Hemiplegia
C) Monoplegia
D) Quadriplegia
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Chapter 18: Positioning and Handling: A Neurodevelopmental Approach
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Q1) Which statement correctly describes positioning?
A) Children should assume a variety of positions.
B) The ideal functional position is sitting.
C) Positioning does not improve social interactions.
D) Only children younger than 1 year sit on the floor.
Q2) Arthur is a 4-year-old with Down syndrome who is beginning to work on bilateral midline hand skills.His low muscle tone causes him to fatigue quickly when working against gravity.What is a good positioning choice to help Arthur's fine motor play?
A) Long-sitting on the floor.
B) Placement in a supine stander, reclined 30-40 degrees.
C) Seated in a chair with good support to the trunk.
D) Sitting independently on a bench.
Q3) What is the first event that must happen for a child to move?
A) Flexion
B) Extension
C) Rotation
D) Weight shift
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Chapter 19: Activities of Daily Living and Sleeprest
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Q1) Suck-swallow-breathe synchrony is not necessary for which of the following?
A) Eating without gasping
B) Smiling and frowning
C) Sleeping without drooling
D) Talking and singing
Q2) Which strategy to help with dressing is not appropriate for a child with sensory processing issues?
A) Allow the child to pick his clothing.
B) Cut out tags completely.
C) Use detergent with a strong fragrance.
D) Wash new clothing before the child wears it.
Q3) The activities of obtaining and using supplies and washing, drying, combing, and trimming one's hair fall in what category?
A) Grooming
B) Personal device care
C) Personal hygiene or grooming
D) Toileting hygiene
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Chapter 20: Instrumental Activities of Daily Living
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Q1) The occupational therapy (OT) practitioner works closely with a teen, and they set realistic goals for an upcoming project.The practitioner helps the teen manage her time and asks the teen to assess how she is progressing at each session.What intervention strategy is the practitioner using?
A) Deficit-specific training
B) Meta-cognitive training
C) Social skill training
D) Task-specific training
Q2) What guidelines must an OT practitioner follow when securing a wheelchair to a vehicle (e.g., school bus)?
A) National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
B) AOTA
C) Car seat manufacturers
D) American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
Q3) How is a single walking device positioned?
A) Placed on the strong hand.
B) Placed on the weak hand.
C) Placed on the preferred hand.
D) Always placed on the right.
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Chapter 21: Play and Playfulness
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Q1) Which characteristic of an OT practitioner promotes play in children?
A) Be serious.
B) Keep activities the same from session to session.
C) Insist that children use toys only in standard ways.
D) Try out silly things and have fun.
Q2) Which rule is the most important to ensure safety in a therapy session?
A) Cover electrical outlets.
B) Cut all hanging cords.
C) Inspect toys and equipment regularly.
D) Watch children at all times.
Q3) Which trait is not a characteristic of play?
A) Active involvement of the player
B) Child-centered activity
C) Extrinsically motivated
D) Spontaneous
Q4) Which characteristic does not promote play and playfulness in children?
A) Positive reinforcement
B) Patience
C) Rigidity with rules
D) Sense of humor
Page 23
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Chapter 22: Functional Task at School: Handwriting
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Q1) Raysor has difficulty writing.He hesitates when trying to continuously form letters.He does not understand where to begin writing on his paper.He sometimes begins at the bottom of the letter and sometimes at the top, despite frequent repetitions of the letter.What type of problem does Raysor show?
A) Poor midline crossing
B) Poor motor planning
C) Poor visual acuity
D) Tactile defensiveness
Q2) Which statement is true of repetitive rote writing of spelling words for children with handwriting difficulties?
A) This will help the child learn the words.
B) This does not improve the child's knowledge.
C) This will help the child's handwriting.
D) This is an excellent OT intervention.
Q3) How does using raised-lined paper help children in their handwriting?
A) Provides visual cue to stay within the lines.
B) Provides tactile sensation cue to stop.
C) Allows child to write larger.
D) Keeps child's hand stabilized.
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Page 24
Chapter 23: Therapeutic Media: Activity With Purpose
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Q1) What is it called when Harry, a COTA, shows 7-year-old Raymond a way to put on his coat using only one hand?
A) Adapting activity
B) Analyzing activity
C) Grading activity
D) Evaluating activity
Q2) Which statement best describes making the activity of carving a pumpkin more challenging for a group of teenagers?
A) Allow them to work in pairs.
B) Allow them to light the candles.
C) Have them use an extremely dull knife.
D) Provide samples of intricate stencils for them to trace and cut.
Q3) According to the OTPF, which factor is considered an occupational performance context?
A) Activity demands
B) Habits
C) Motor
D) Personal
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25
Chapter 24: Motor Control and Motor Learning
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Q1) What type of practice is most effective for transfer of learning?
A) Blocked
B) Distributive
C) Variable
D) Repetitive
Q2) What term is used to describe the intrinsic processes that go hand in hand with children experiencing and participating in meaningful activities that lead to long-lasting changes in motor performance?
A) Bilateral motor control
B) In-hand manipulation
C) Implement usage
D) Motor learning
Q3) Karen provides her client, Bill, with 1-minute rests between 5-minute of repetitive skill practice.What kind of practice is this?
A) Continual
B) Distributed
C) Blocked
D) Variable
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Chapter 25: Sensory Processingintegration and Occupation
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Q1) A student observes the session.She decides to instruct Stewart on the techniques of playing soccer.She provides Stewart with verbal and demonstrative instructions on the skills needed for soccer.They go outside and play a game of soccer.According to OT theory, what is true of this session?
A) Stewart will benefit from this carefully planned session.
B) Practicing a skill is not a principle used by occupational therapists.
C) The student has not fully analyzed the occupations of the child.
D) This is a typical sensory integrative session.
Q2) Which statement best describes the focus of sensory processing intervention?
A) Desensitization of sensory input for tolerance
B) Improved balance and equilibrium
C) Organization of multiple sources of sensory input
D) Organization of tactile input for fine motor skills
Q3) COTAs can become certified in the administration and interpretation of the Sensory Integration and Praxis Tests (SIPT).
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 26: Applying the Model of Human Occupation to
Pediatric Practice
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Q1) The Model of Human Occupation (MOHO) uses what term to define the common and typical way of doing specific occupations?
A) Habituation
B) Occupational forms
C) Performance capacity
D) Roles
Q2) When a child identifies a set of related actions and attitudes that define a familiar status, this is what within the conceptual area of habituation?
A) Habits
B) Social groups
C) Personal causation
D) Roles
Q3) What is the MOHO concept that is influenced by a child's interests and beliefs about her ability to perform an occupation?
A) Habituation
B) Performance capacity
C) Volition
D) Environment
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Chapter 27: Assistive Technology
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Q1) Which of the following adjectives does not accurately describe low technology?
A) Inexpensive
B) Inaccessible
C) Accessible
D) Simple
Q2) From where would someone seek AT funding for an 8-year-old to perform successfully in school?
A) Medicare
B) Vocational rehabilitation program
C) Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA)
D) Birth to three program
Q3) Which statement is true concerning assistive technology (AT)?
A) AT refers to aids and devices that help rehabilitate an individual.
B) AT helps a person to be more functional.
C) AT is always commercially manufactured.
D) AT helps persons with only certain diagnoses.
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Chapter 28: Orthoses, Orthotic Fabrication, and Elastic
Therapeutic Taping for the Pediatric Population
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Q1) Which skill represents appropriate hand use for a 5-month-old child?
A) Hand crosses the midline while supine.
B) Active forearm supination while prone.
C) Two-handed approach to objects with a unilateral grasp.
D) Roll from supine to prone.
Q2) What is the primary goal of Kinesio taping?
A) To help the body in self-healing.
B) To provide stability to muscles.
C) To correct misaligned joints.
D) To normalize muscle tone.
Q3) What is not considered an outcome of Kinesio taping?
A) Control edema
B) Facilitate or inhibit movement
C) Immobilize joints
D) Provide support
Q4) Which type of orthosis is used to apply adjustable static force?
A) Static orthosis
B) Dynamic orthosis
C) Static progressive orthosis
D) Resting hand orthosis
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Chapter 29: Animal-Assisted Activities and Therapy
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Q1) Which factor is most important for the occupational therapy (OT) practitioner to consider when using an animal as an occupation for children?
A) Family and child's pets
B) Parental income and educational level
C) Practitioner's comfort with animals
D) Transportability of pet
Q2) The parent of a 3-year-old boy does not like her child digging through the dirt.What is the best response to the parent's concern?
A) Continue the activity if it is good for the child.
B) Modify the activity in collaboration with the parent.
C) Provide the activity in the home program.
D) Stop the activity and never bring it up again.
Q3) "Henry will ride a horse for 10 minutes on trails" is an example of what?
A) Occupation of childhood
B) Means to improve balance
C) Physical therapy
D) Recreational therapy
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