Occupational Therapy for Neurological Conditions
Textbook Exam Questions
Course Introduction
This course provides an in-depth exploration of the principles and practices of occupational therapy interventions for individuals with neurological conditions. Students will learn about the impact of neurological disorders such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinsons disease on function and participation in daily life. Emphasis is placed on standardized assessments, evidence-based therapeutic techniques, client-centered goal setting, and the use of adaptive approaches and assistive technologies. Through case studies and practical applications, students will develop skills in promoting independence, enhancing quality of life, and facilitating community reintegration for clients affected by neurological challenges.
Recommended Textbook
Stroke Rehabilitation A Function Based Approach 3rd Edition by Glen Gillen
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27 Chapters
188 Verified Questions
188 Flashcards
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2
Chapter 1: Pathophysiology,Medical Management,and
Acute Rehabilitation of Stroke Survivors
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9 Verified Questions
9 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The most common source of a cardiac embolus is the:
A) left atrium.
B) left ventricle.
C) right atrium.
D) right ventricle.
Answer: A
Q2) In an acute stroke most computerized tomography (CT)scans are negative.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) A common long-term complication of stroke is:
A) osteoporosis.
B) cerebral edema.
C) pedal edema.
D) spasticity.
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Psychological Aspects of Stroke Rehabilitation
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9 Verified Questions
9 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Secondary mania may present as:
A) euphoria.
B) lability.
C) psychomotor agitation.
D) concrete thinking.
Answer: A
Q2) Medication may prevent but not treat post-stroke depression.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Research suggests a significant association between depression and mortality after stroke.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) Evidence suggests that a specific lesion location is the sole factor in the determination of specific emotional reactions.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 3: Improving Participation and Quality of Life through Occupation
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4 Verified Questions
4 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) All of the following assessments measure quality of life except:
A) SF-36.
B) Stroke Impact Scale.
C) Reintegration to Normal Living.
D) Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS).
Answer: D
Q2) Self-efficacy can also be described as:
A) self-actualization.
B) homeostasis.
C) confidence in performing a particular task.
D) self-awareness.
Answer: C
Q3) All of the following assessments measure participation except:
A) Functional Independence Measure (FIM).
B) Activity Card Sort.
C) Community Integration Questionnaire.
D) Canadian Occupational Performance Measure.
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Task-Oriented Approach to Stroke Rehabilitation
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6 Verified Questions
6 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Practicing parts of the task is superior to practicing the whole task.
A)True
B)False
Q2) An assessment that would be appropriate to use in the second step of the task-oriented evaluation framework would be:
A) Role Checklist.
B) Canadian Occupational Performance Measure.
C) Functional Independence Measure.
D) both b and c.
Q3) In general,less feedback is better than more feedback.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Summary feedback is better than immediate feedback.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The task-oriented approach begins with assessments focused on:
A) assessment of motor control.
B) activity of daily living (ADL).
C) inquiry into role performance.
D) all of the above.
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Chapter 5: Activity-Based Intervention in Stroke Rehabilitation
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9 Verified Questions
9 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Patients may use fixation patterns (limit the degrees of freedom)in which circumstance?
A) During posturally insecure situations
B) Attempting difficult self-care tasks
C) Attempting to reach overhead during the initial stages of motor recovery
D) All of the above
Q2) In terms of World Health Organization classification,the motor and cognitive residuals of stroke are considered:
A) impairments.
B) activity limitations.
C) participation restrictions.
D) societal limitations.
Q3) The knowledge and regulation of personal cognitive processes and capacities is called:
A) metacognition.
B) cognitive set.
C) temperament.
D) monitoring of self.
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Evidence-Based Review
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4 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) To use CIT,clients must possess:
A) proximal control.
B) isolated wrist/digit extension.
C) trunk stability.
D) intact sensation.
Q2) The outcomes of CIT have been measured by the:
A) Ashworth scale.
B) Motor Activity Log (MAL).
C) Fugl-Meyer Assessment.
D) Barthel Index.
Q3) Based on the available evidence,it may be concluded that:
A) task-oriented approaches are superior to traditional techniques.
B) NDT and CIT have similar outcomes.
C) NDT seems to be superior to task-oriented approaches.
D) none of the above.
Q4) Constraint induced therapy (CIT)is focused on:
A) progressive resistive exercise.
B) normalization of tone.
C) massed practice and grading of functional activities.
D) resisted diagonal patterns.
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Chapter 7: Trunk Control: Supporting Functional Independence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Crossing the involved leg during lower extremity dressing predominately requires control of the back extensors to prevent posterior falls.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Reaching down to pick up an object from the floor requires which type of contraction of the extensors?
A) Concentric
B) Eccentric
C) Isometric
D) Isotonic
Q3) The section of the spine that permits the greatest range of trunk flexion is the _____ spine.
A) cervical
B) thoracic
C) lumbar
D) sacral
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9
Chapter 8: Overview of Balance Impairments: Functional Implications
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8 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Surface dependent patients are most likely to lose their balance when performing which task?
A) Carrying coffee from a linoleum floor kitchen to a carpeted den
B) Cooking in low lighting
C) Riding on an escalator
D) Walking in a crowded mall
Q2) Standing in line at the bank without support requires efficient use of which type of postural control strategy?
A) Lateral weight shift
B) Ankle strategy
C) Hip strategy
D) Stepping strategy
Q3) When the base of support is expanded in the direction of center of mass movement,what type of postural control strategy is used?
A) Stepping strategy
B) Hip strategy
C) Ankle strategy
D) None of the above
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Chapter 9: Vestibular Rehabilitation and Stroke
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Sample Questions
Q1) Surface dependent patients are most likely to lose their balance when performing which task?
A) Carrying coffee from a linoleum floor kitchen to a carpeted den
B) Cooking in low lighting
C) Riding on an escalator
D) Walking in a crowded mall
Q2) A subjective interview that is used to collect information related to balance dysfunction should include:
A) premorbid health.
B) prior functional status.
C) patient's perspective on current function.
D) all of the above.
Q3) Symptoms of cerebellar involvement include:
A) unsteady gait.
B) falls.
C) nystagmus.
D) all of the above.
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Chapter 10: Upper Extremity Function and Management
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Sample Questions
Q1) Spasticity has been directly correlated with:
A) synergy patterns.
B) soft tissue contracture.
C) edema.
D) subluxation.
Q2) A sling can reduce a subluxation.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Postural responses consistent with forward reach include:
A) anterior pelvic tilt.
B) trunk extension.
C) anterior weight shift.
D) all of the above.
Q4) A flexed elbow during an attempted overhead reach may be due to:
A) an attempt to shorten the lever arm for successful task completion.
B) soft tissue shortening.
C) triceps weakness.
D) all of the above.
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Chapter 11: Rehabilitation Technologies to Promote Upper
Limb Recovery after Stroke
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4 Verified Questions
4 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The overall goal of robotic therapy is to provide repetitive,task-specific training to help restore lost motor function.
A)True
B)False
Q2) At this point in time,robotic interventions most clearly positively impact which level of function based on the International Classification of Functioning,Disability,and Health (ICF)?
A) Impairment
B) Activity limitations
C) Participation restrictions
D) All of the above
Q3) Which device is classified as a neuroprosthesis?
A) Saeboflex
B) Autocite
C) Myomo e100
D) NESS H200 Hand Rehabilitation System
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Chapter 12: Edema Control
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4 Verified Questions
4 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In terms of volumetric evaluation,_____ mL is considered a significant change.
A) 9
B) 10
C) 11
D) 12
Q2) Edema reduction techniques should be used with swelling from cardiac problems such as chronic heart disease or congestive heart failure.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Manual Edema Mobilization (MEM)begins with:
A) pump points.
B) U strokes.
C) terminus massage.
D) diaphragmatic breathing.
Q4) Chip bags are used:
A) for compression.
B) to soften and stimulate lymphatic uptake because of the tissue pressure differentiation they cause.
C) to improve sensory awareness.
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Chapter 13: Splinting Applications
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14 Verified Questions
14 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The collateral ligaments are lengthened by:
A) digit extension.
B) digit flexion.
C) application of resting splints.
D) thumb opposition.
Q2) The most effective method to lengthen soft tissue is:
A) high load brief stretch.
B) passive range of motion (ROM).
C) low-load prolonged stretch.
D) joint mobilization.
Q3) At rest,the second metacarpal is aligned:
A) with the ulna.
B) with the radius.
C) midline between the radius and ulna.
D) with the carpal arch.
Q4) The hand-based thumb abduction splint is applied for:
A) functional activities.
B) immobilization.
C) inhibition of thumb adduction.
D) contracture prevention.
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Chapter 15: Gait Awareness
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9 Verified Questions
9 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Orthotic devices are used for:
A) stabilization.
B) correction.
C) protection.
D) all of the above.
Q2) A standard ankle-foot orthosis uses how many points of pressure?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
Q3) A "hemiplegic gait" may be the result of:
A) sensory loss.
B) weakness.
C) excessive muscular activity.
D) all of the above.
Q4) During the stance phase,initial contact should be:
A) forefoot.
B) flat foot.
C) heel strike.
D) none of the above.
Page 16
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Chapter 16: Managing Visual and Visuospatial Impairments to Optimize Function
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6 Verified Questions
6 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Difficulty reading may be due to impaired:
A) saccades.
B) divergence.
C) spatial relations.
D) none of the above.
Q2) A strabismic disorder results in:
A) overreaching.
B) underreaching.
C) avoidance of near tasks.
D) all of the above.
Q3) The skill used to change the focus of the eye so objects can be seen at different distances is:
A) acuity.
B) ocular range of motion.
C) accommodation.
D) vergence.
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17
Chapter 17: How Therapists Think: Exploring Therapists
Reasoning When Working with Patients Who Have
Cognitive and Perceptual Problems Following Stroke
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7 Verified Questions
7 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) While dressing,a patient attempts to dress the therapist's arm instead of her own.This impairment is termed:
A) somatagnosia.
B) body neglect.
C) spatial relations dysfunction.
D) confusion.
Q2) A loss of access to kinesthetic memory patterns that results in clumsy manipulation patterns is:
A) ideational apraxia.
B) motor apraxia.
C) astereognosis.
D) tactile agnosia.
Q3) The term that best refers to a denial of a paretic extremity as one's own is:
A) anosognosia.
B) neglect.
C) confabulation.
D) body scheme disorder.
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Chapter 18: Impact of Neurobehavioral Deficits on Activities of Daily Living
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7 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) While dressing,a patient attempts to dress the therapist's arm instead of her own.This impairment is termed:
A) somatagnosia.
B) body neglect.
C) spatial relations dysfunction.
D) confusion.
Q2) While performing a grooming evaluation,a patient is noted to smear the toothpaste over her hands and face.This deficit is termed:
A) ideational apraxia.
B) motor apraxia.
C) somatognosia.
D) spatial relations deficit.
Q3) A loss of access to kinesthetic memory patterns that results in clumsy manipulation patterns is:
A) ideational apraxia.
B) motor apraxia.
C) astereognosis.
D) tactile agnosia.
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Chapter 19: Treatment of Cognitive-Perceptual Deficits: A
Function-Based Approach
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8 Verified Questions
8 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) If a patient performs a task that differs from a task reviewed in therapy by one characteristic (e.g.,shape),the patient has been successful in which degree of learning transfer?
A) Near
B) Far
C) Very far
D) None of the above
Q2) Tasks that involve the concepts of "in," "under," "over," and "above" are the interventions of choice for a patient presenting with:
A) neglect.
B) perseveration.
C) motor apraxia.
D) spatial relations dysfunction.
Q3) The remedial approach to treatment focuses on:
A) component skills.
B) the cause of dysfunction.
C) tabletop activities.
D) all of the above.
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Chapter 20: Managing Speech and Language Deficits after Stroke
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5 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) To enhance comprehension after stroke,the following strategy(ies)is/are recommended:
A) slow the rate of speech.
B) reduce distractions.
C) write down important words or instructions.
D) all of the above.
Q2) Broca aphasia is described by all of the following except:
A) halting and hesitant speech.
B) awkward effortful articulation.
C) self-correction of errors.
D) intact writing ability.
Q3) In the early stages,a patient with Wernicke aphasia may be unaware of his language disorder,deny that he has had a stroke,and confabulate the reason for the hospitalization.
A)True
B)False
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21
Chapter 21: Enhancing Performance of Activities of Daily Living
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Sample Questions
Q1) In Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS),terminology,pace is considered a:
A) motor skill.
B) process skill.
C) cognitive impairment.
D) both a and
Q2) Retraining handwriting after stroke would be categorized as:
A) adaptive occupation.
B) education program.
C) acquisitional occupation.
D) restorative occupation.
Q3) Using gardening as an intervention focused on improving endurance would be considered:
A) adaptive occupation.
B) education program.
C) acquisitional occupation.
D) restorative occupation.
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Chapter 23: Driving and Community Mobility as an Instrumental Activity of Daily Living
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Sample Questions
Q1) People with homonymous hemianopsia:
A) can drive without any modifications.
B) can drive with adapted hand controls.
C) can drive if their visual acuity is at least 20/40.
D) cannot drive.
Q2) It is all right to allow individuals to drive post-stroke:
A) if you have only done a clinical assessment and found no cognitive or perceptual deficit.
B) even if they have a visual field cut.
C) only when they have passed both a clinical assessment and an actual driving test.
D) if they have normal visual acuity but delayed reaction time.
Q3) A stereoscopic vision tester tests all of the following except:
A) color vision.
B) depth perception.
C) road sign recognition.
D) field of vision.
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23
Chapter 24: Dysphagia Management
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Sample Questions
Q1) During the swallow,the vocal cords should:
A) close off the airway to protect it.
B) open to allow the food into the esophagus.
C) abduct.
D) only open when the person begins talking.
Q2) If individuals have dysphagia,they:
A) cannot ever eat because they will aspirate.
B) can eat or drink anything and should be suctioned if they cough.
C) should be fed only with a syringe while they are lying down.
D) should eat foods prepared at consistencies they can swallow without aspirating the food.
Q3) If patients have a gag reflex:
A) they will not aspirate.
B) they may still aspirate.
C) their wet-hoarse vocal quality will be due to something other than aspiration.
D) they will gag on everything they try to eat.
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24
Chapter 25: Sexual Function and Intimacy
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Sample Questions
Q1) A female patient offhandedly says she does not want to have sex with her husband anymore.During further discussion,she tells you that since her stroke vaginal dryness has made sex painful.You have just completed PLISSIT training.You should:
A) listen to her concern, ask if she would like further information, and then provide information concerning commercially available vaginal lubricants.
B) tell her to "grin and bear it." Vaginal dryness is a side effect of the stroke and nothing will change the situation.
C) discuss the topic further with the patient. If she seems depressed as well, mention it to her doctor.
D) both a and c.
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25
Chapter 26: Seating and Wheeled Mobility Prescription
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Sample Questions
Q1) If a therapist can correct an observed malalignment with his or her hands and it stays in position,the deformity is considered:
A) flexible.
B) fixed.
C) bony.
D) soft tissue.
Q2) When the anterior superior iliac spine is level with or slightly below the posterior superior iliac spine,the pelvis is in what kind of tilt?
A) Anterior
B) Posterior
C) Neutral
D) Lateral
Q3) The trunk malalignment consistent with a posterior pelvic tilt is:
A) hyperlordosis.
B) scoliosis.
C) kyphosis.
D) both a and b.
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26
Chapter 27: Home Evaluation and Modifications
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Sample Questions
Q1) Turning 360 degrees in a wheelchair requires a _____-inch space.
A) 45 × 45
B) 60 × 60
C) 70 × 70
D) 120 × 120
Q2) A patient who has left hemiparesis and ambulates with a walker,using a left ankle-foot orthosis,will go home and use his own double bed.He can only transfer from the left side of the bed.Which of the following would you do?
A) Suggest he rearrange the room so he can transfer from the right (uninvolved side).
B) Suggest he get a hospital bed and turn it so he can enter from the right side.
C) Suggest he sleep in the living room, because it is closer to the bathroom.
D) Suggest he move to a nursing home.
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Chapter
the Environment with One-Handed Techniques
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Sample Questions
Q1) To thread a needle using only one hand:
A) put the needle in your mouth and watch yourself in a mirror to find the eye of the needle.
B) put the needle over the edge of a table leaving the eye of the needle free and thread through the eye from top to bottom.
C) put the needle in a pincushion to stabilize it and use the intact hand to thread the needle.
D) hold the needle with the intact hand and try to hook into the thread from the spool.
Q2) To improve accessibility in a bedroom,two simple solutions are:
A) replace the bed with a hospital bed and place wall-to-wall carpeting in the room.
B) raise the leg height of the bed with wood blocks and remove all scatter rugs.
C) replace the bed with a hospital bed and dispose of the bedroom furniture.
D) recommend that the bedroom is completely remodeled and new accessible furniture replace the items normally found in the room.
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Chapter 29: Leisure Participation after Stroke
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is(are)true regarding leisure participation after stroke?
A) Limitations to participation included physical impairments, cognitive impairments, transportation issues, and cost.
B) Most of the subjects reported a change in activity and interest patterns after stroke.
C) Further research is needed to confirm the finding that specialized occupational therapy can be effective in raising leisure activity and to show whether this translates into improved psychological well-being.
D) All of the above are true.
Q2) Potential tools used to address leisure participation include:
A) Canadian Occupational Performance Measure.
B) Activity Card Sort.
C) Nottingham Leisure Questionnaire.
D) all of the above.
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