Occupational Therapy Anatomy
Final Exam
Course Introduction
Occupational Therapy Anatomy provides students with a comprehensive understanding of the structure and function of the human body as it relates to the practice of occupational therapy. The course explores the anatomical foundations of the musculoskeletal, nervous, and cardiorespiratory systems, emphasizing their roles in movement and everyday activities. Students will learn to identify major anatomical landmarks, analyze body mechanics, and apply anatomical knowledge to the assessment and intervention of various physical, developmental, and occupational challenges. Through lectures, laboratory sessions, and case studies, students will deepen their ability to integrate anatomical concepts into therapeutic reasoning and client-centered intervention planning.
Recommended Textbook
Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology 6th Edition by Valerie C. Scanlon
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5039 Verified Questions
5039 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 2:Organization and General Plan of
11 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of body areas (Select all that apply)?
A)The femoral area is both dorsal and ventral.
B)The iliac area is medial to the umbilical area.
C)The most distal area of the lower limb is the femoral area.
D)The deltoid area is superior to the sacral area.
E)The axillary area is to the upper limb as the inguinal area is to the lower limb.
F)The hepatic area is superficial to the cutaneous area.
Answer: A,D,E
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of anatomy and physiology (Select all that apply)?
A)Anatomy is the study only of structures visible to the unaided eye.
B)Physiology is usually not directly related to anatomy,and must be studied separately.
C)A structure that is thick and firm probably has a supportive function.
D)The size of an organ is part of its physiology.
E)An organ's location in the body is part of its anatomy.
F)Physiology is the study of the functions of all of the parts of the body.
Answer: C,E,F
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Page 3
Chapter 2:Organization and General Plan of the Body-Part
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75 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Of skin,bone,and fat,the one that is not an organ is _____________________.
Answer: fat
Q2) The cranial cavity is formed by the ___________________.
Answer: skull
Q3) The perineal area is ______________________ to the inguinal areas.
Answer: medial
Q4) The horizontal boundary between the upper and lower abdominal quadrants is a line through the _____________________.
Answer: umbilicus
Q5) The spinal cavity is formed by the _________________. Answer: vertebrae
spine backbone
Q6) All of the chemical reactions and physical changes that take place in the body are called _______________________.
Answer: metabolism
Q7) A temporal area is on the _____________________ side of the head. Answer: lateral
Q8) The dorsal cavity is lined by membranes called the ________________. Answer: meninges Page 4
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Page 5
Chapter 2:Organization and General Plan of the Body-Part
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120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The urinary system:
A)regulates blood volume
B)removes waste products from the blood
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and regulates the pH of the blood
Answer: D
Q2) The brachial area is ___ to the axillary area and ___ to the volar area.
A)distal/proximal
B)distal/inferior
C)proximal/distal
D)proximal/superior
Answer: A
Q3) For a part of the body to have proximal and distal portions,the part must have:
A)at least five smaller parts
B)a definite origin or beginning
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and a definite middle part
Answer: B
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Chapter 3:Some Basic Chemistry-Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of elements (Select all that apply)?
A)C,H,and O stand for carbon,hydrogen,and oxygen.
B)Cu and Cl stand for copper and chlorine.
C)Fe and I stand for iron and iodine.
D)N and Na stand for nitrogen and potassium.
E)Ca and K stand for calcium and sodium.
F)Z and M stand for zinc and magnesium.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of trace elements (Select all that apply)?
A)Iron is part of the hemoglobin in RBCs.
B)Vitamin B12 contains the mineral copper.
C)The transmission of nerve impulses depends on sodium and potassium.
D)Cobalt is needed for the hormone thyroxine.
E)Phosphorus is part of DNA and RNA.
F)The mineral necessary for blood clotting is iodine.
G)The mineral that helps store oxygen in muscle cells is magnesium.
H)Sulfur is part of some proteins.
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Chapter 3:Some Basic Chemistry-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) At the end of an enzymatic reaction,the enzyme itself is
Q2) A nucleotide consists of a phosphate group,a(n)_______________________,and a(n)_____________________________.
Q3) Sodium bicarbonate is a ____________ base that will only slightly ______________ pH.
Q4) All enzymes are made of the organic molecule ______________________.
Q5) The normal pH range of blood is ________________________________.
Q6) Cholesterol is the precursor molecule from which ______________________ hormones are made.
Q7) The mineral necessary for blood clotting is ___________________________.
Q8) A solution with a pH of 2 is _________________,and has many _________________ ions.
Q9) The shape of an enzyme creates a(n)_____________________,where the substrate molecule(s)fit.
Q10) Excess glucose is stored as ______________________ in the _________________________.
Q11) The energy products of cell respiration are __________________ and _______________. Page 8
Q12) The energy storage molecule in the liver is ________________________.
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Chapter 3:Some Basic Chemistry-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) Disulfide bonds may be part of:
A)some starches
B)some proteins
C)DNA and RNA
D)true fats
Q2) On the pH scale,acids are indicated by numbers:
A)above 10
B)below 10
C)above 7
D)below 7
Q3) A synthesis reaction involves:
A)the formation of bonds
B)the breaking of bonds
C)the release of energy
D)the creation of smaller molecules
Q4) Water can absorb a great deal of heat,and this is important for:
A)sweating to lose excess body heat
B)digestion of very large meals
C)nerve impulse transmission
D)production of RBCs
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Chapter 4:Cells-Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of the processes of mitosis and meiosis (Select all that apply)?
A)In one cycle of mitosis,two cells are formed.
B)In one cycle of mitosis,one cell divides once.
C)In mitosis,the new cells have the haploid number of chromosomes.
D)In one cycle of meiosis,four cells are formed.
E)In one cycle of meiosis,two cells divide twice each.f.In meiosis,the new cells have the diploid number of chromosomes.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of the process of protein synthesis (Select all that apply)?
A)DNA has the original triplet code in its sequence of bases.
B)A tRNA molecule transfers a triplet from the DNA to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm of a cell.
C)The triplet code specifies three amino acids for each base in the DNA.
D)An mRNA molecule takes a copy of the triplet code to an amino acid.
E)The ribosomes in the cytoplasm form ionic bonds between the amino acids.
F)The DNA base sequence for one protein is called a gene.
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Chapter 4:Cells-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) In mitosis,the chromatids become separate chromosomes during
Q2) Human cells will lose water and shrivel if they are placed in a solution that is _____________________________.
Q3) Most human cells have ______________ (how many)chromosomes.
Q4) Lysosomes are cell organelles that contain ____________________ to destroy pathogens or damaged cellular parts.
Q5) The cell organelles that sweep materials across a cell surface are ______________________.
Q6) The copying of the DNA genetic code by mRNA is called
Q7) Some cells of the kidney tubules reabsorb small proteins by the process of
Q8) Egg cells and sperm cells are formed by the process of
Q9) Mitochondria are cell organelles that are the site of _____________________________.
12
Q10) In the process of protein synthesis,the original genetic code is copied by a molecule called ____________________.
Q11) A solution with the same salt concentration as human cells is said to be
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Page 13
Chapter 4:Cells-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) The first step in the formation of urine by the kidneys is the process of:
A)filtration
B)osmosis
C)facilitated diffusion
D)diffusion
Q2) Human cells that seem to be unable to undergo extensive mitosis are:
A)muscle cells
B)nerve cells
C)both of these
D)neither of these
Q3) The engulfing of something by a moving cell is called:
A)pinocytosis
B)active transport
C)phagocytosis
D)facilitated diffusion
Q4) The genetic instructions for a cell's functions are contained in the:
A)RNA in the chromosomes in the nucleus
B)RNA in the enzymes in the cytoplasm
C)DNA in the enzymes in the cytoplasm
D)DNA in the chromosomes in the nucleus
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Chapter 5:Tissues and Membranes-Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of mucous membranes (Select all that apply)?
A)The urinary bladder is lined with mucous membrane.
B)The mucus produced in the upper respiratory tract helps trap bacteria.
C)Mucus is an important lubricant in the respiratory tract.
D)A mucous membrane may be a lining or a covering.
E)The organ systems with mucous membranes all open into one another.
F)The male urethra has a mucous membrane,but the female urethra has a serous membrane.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of blood and blood cells (Select all that apply)?
A)White blood cells provide immunity to certain diseases.
B)Red blood cells carry oxygen from the body tissues to the lungs.
C)Blood plasma is a solvent for nutrients.
D)Blood clotting requires platelets.
E)Blood cells are produced in the red bone marrow and the liver.
F)A hemopoietic tissue is a tissue that forms blood plasma.
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Page 15
Chapter 5:Tissues and Membranes-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) The major parts of a nerve cell are its ________________,_________________,and _____________________.
Q2) The function of red blood cells is to ____________________________.
Q3) The type of muscle tissue found in the uterus is __________________________.
Q4) The tissue that removes dust and pathogens from the trachea is ________________________.
Q5) Fibrous connective tissue is made primarily of _________________________.
Q6) The general function of white blood cells is to ______________________________.
Q7) Ligaments are made of _____________________________ tissue.
Q8) Of urethra,heart,and pharynx,the one NOT lined with mucous membrane is the ________________________.
Q9) Collagen and elastin are __________________ molecules made by cells called _______________________.
Q10) The serous membrane that covers the abdominal organs is the ________________________.
Page 16
Q11) The connective tissue membrane that covers a muscle is a(n)_____________________.
Q12) Endocrine glands secrete their products into ____________________________.
Q13) The transporting fluid of blood is called ___________________.
Q14) The specific tissue that moves the body is
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Chapter 5:Tissues and Membranes-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) The serous membrane that lines the thoracic cavity is the:
A)visceral pleura
B)visceral peritoneum
C)parietal pleura
D)parietal peritoneum
Q2) The visceral pericardium is found:
A)lining the heart
B)covering the heart
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and covering the pericardial sac
Q3) The connective tissue that stores potential energy is:
A)adipose tissue
B)areolar connective tissue
C)elastic connective tissue
D)fibrous connective tissue
Q4) The cells that destroy pathogens that have entered the body are the:
A)platelets
B)RBCs
C)chondrocytes
D)WBCs
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Chapter 6:The Integumentary System-Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of vitamin D (Select all that apply)?
A)The stimulus for cutaneous production of vitamin D is the ultraviolet rays of the sun.
B)Cutaneous vitamin D is made from phospholipids stored in the skin.
C)Vitamin D promotes the absorption of calcium by the liver.
D)Vitamin D contributes to efficient immune responses.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of the arterioles in the dermis (Select all that apply)?
A)Arterioles are able to constrict because of the smooth muscle in their walls.
B)In a cold environment,arterioles will constrict to bring heat to the surface to keep the skin warm.
C)In a warm environment,arterioles will dilate to keep blood and excess heat away from the skin surface.
D)In a stressful situation,arterioles will dilate to bring more blood with oxygen to the skin.
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19
Chapter 6:The Integumentary System-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) The arterioles in the dermis will constrict when the external environment becomes
Q2) The ends of fingers and toes are protected from mechanical injury by ________________.
Q3) Sweating promotes heat loss by means of the process of ________________________.
Q4) Sunlight on the skin stimulates production of vitamin __________________,which is important for the absorption of ________________________ from food.
Q5) The growth of bacteria on the skin is inhibited by __________________________.
Q6) The inner layer of the skin is the __________________________.
Q7) During stressful situations,blood is shunted to vital organs by _______________________ in the dermis.
Q8) The cells of the epidermis produce antimicrobial chemicals called ____________________.
Q9) The outer layer of the skin is the _____________________,which is made of ______________________________ tissue.
Q10) For the cutaneous senses of pain and heat,the receptors are _________________________. Page 20
Q11) Scratching an itch is efficient because fingers have __________________________.
Q12) The living part of a nail is the __________________.
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Page 21
Chapter 6:The Integumentary System-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) The layer of the skin that is made of stratified squamous epithelium is the:
A)dermis
B)subcutaneous layer
C)epidermis
D)None of these layers is made of this tissue.
Q2) Which statement is NOT true of human hair?
A)The hair root undergoes mitosis.
B)A hair is formed in a structure called a follicle.
C)All human hair grows continuously.
D)The hair shaft is made of keratin.
Q3) Which statement is NOT true of the cutaneous senses?
A)Most of the receptors are in the dermis of the skin.
B)Cutaneous senses provide information about changes in the external environment.
C)The receptors for pressure are encapsulated nerve endings.
D)The fingertips are very sensitive to touch because there are few receptors there.
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Chapter 7:The Skeletal System-Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of the vertebral column (Select all that apply)?
A)There are 12 thoracic vertebrae and 8 cervical vertebrae.
B)Discs of fibrous cartilage form the joints between vertebrae.
C)The sacral and lumbar vertebrae each consist of 5 fused vertebrae.
D)Within the vertebral canal is the spinal cord.
E)The spinous and transverse processes provide for muscle attachment.
F)The backbone as a whole is flexible because it has so many gliding joints.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of bone tissue (Select all that apply)?
A)Osteons are found only in spongy bone.
B)An osteon consists of one osteocyte surrounded by capillaries.
C)Spongy bone is found on the surfaces of flat and irregular bones.
D)Compact bone forms the diaphyses of short bones.
E)The blood vessels in compact bone come from the periosteum.
F)Osteoblasts are the cells that reabsorb excess bone during remodeling.
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23
Chapter 7:The Skeletal System-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) The hormone in women that promotes closure of the epiphyseal discs is
Q2) Two vitamins necessary for the calcification process in growing bones are _____ and _____.
Q3) The function of synovial fluid is to _______________________________.
Q4) The hormone that increases the reabsorption of calcium from bones is _______________________.
Q5) In an embryonic long bone,the first center of ossification is in the _________________,and secondary centers are in the
Q6) The glenoid fossa and the acetabulum are both part of ________________________ joints.
Q7) Two bones that protect the eye are the __________________ and
Q8) Reabsorption of bone matrix is the function of the cells called ________________________.
Q9) The type of bone that is made of osteons is _____________________ bone.
Q11) The bone that protects the receptors for hearing is the Page 24
Q10) The ribs that articulate indirectly with the sternum are the ______________________,and there are _________ pairs.
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Page 25
Chapter 7:The Skeletal System-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) The structures that connect bone to bone are:
A)tendons
B)periosteum
C)ligaments
D)bursae
Q2) The hormones that regulate the amount of calcium in the bones and the blood are:
A)PTH and calcitonin
B)thyroxine and calcitonin
C)PTH and GH
D)GH and thyroxine
Q3) The vertebrae in the neck are called ___ and there are ___ of them.
A)cervical/seven
B)lumbar/eight
C)sacral/seven
D)cervical/eight
Q4) The purpose of fontanels in the fetal skull is to:
A)permit compression of the skull during birth
B)allow for growth of the brain after birth
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and to contain red bone marrow
26
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Chapter 8:The Muscular System-Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of the neuromuscular junction (Select all that apply)?
A)A synapse is the space between two muscle fibers.
B)Acetylcholine is released from vesicles in the sarcolemma.
C)The axon terminal is the end of a sensory neuron.
D)Acetylcholine makes the sarcolemma more permeable to calcium ions.
E)Cholinesterase is an enzyme that destroys acetylcholine so that the impulse will continue at the same strength.
F)The receptors for acetylcholine are in the sarcolemma.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of the locations and functions of muscles (Select all that apply)?
A)The masseter lowers the maxilla.
B)The gluteus maximus flexes the thigh.
C)The biceps brachii flexes the forearm.
D)The tibialis anterior extends the foot.
E)The orbicularis oris opens the mouth.
F)The external obliques help bend the vertebral column.
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Chapter 8:The Muscular System-Part B
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Q1) An antagonist to the gastrocnemius is the __________________________,because it
Q2) The iron-containing protein in muscles is _________________________,and its function is to ___________________________.
Q3) The muscle group on the medial side of the thigh that adducts the thigh is the ________________________.
Q4) The muscle on the back of the trunk that extends and adducts the arm is the
Q5) During depolarization of a muscle fiber,_________________ ions rush ____________ the cell.
Q6) The more stationary attachment of a muscle to a bone is called the ______________________.
Q7) The muscle on the ventral side of the trunk that flexes the vertebral column is the _____________________________.
Q8) The muscle in the inguinal area that flexes the thigh is the
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Q9) In the neuromuscular junction,acetylcholine is inactivated by
Chapter 8:The Muscular System-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which muscle is NOT paired with a synergist?
A)gastrocnemius and soleus
B)iliopsoas and quadriceps femoris
C)brachioradialis and biceps brachii
D)gluteus medius and adductor group
Q2) The organ system that transports oxygen to muscles is the:
A)nervous system
B)circulatory system
C)skeletal system
D)respiratory system
Q3) When lactic acid accumulates in exercising muscle cells,the result is:
A)contraction debt
B)fatigue
C)tetanus
D)spasm
Q4) The part of the brain that initiates muscle contraction is the:
A)cerebrum: frontal lobes
B)cerebellum
C)cerebrum: parietal lobes
D)cerebrum: occipital lobes
29
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Chapter 9:The Nervous System-Part A
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Q1) The part of a reflex arc that carries impulses away from the CNS is the
Q2) Ascending tracts of the spinal cord may also be called ____________________ tracts,and descending tracts may also be called ______________________ tracts.
Q3) The __________________ root of a spinal nerve contains motor neurons,and the ________________ root contains sensory neurons.
Q4) Thoracolumbar is another name for the ________________________ division of the autonomic nervous system.
Q5) The ____________________________ division of the autonomic nervous system has acetylcholine and norepinephrine as its neurotransmitters.
Q6) The part of the brain that integrates sensations to relay to the cerebrum is the ________________________.
Q7) The __________________________ division of the autonomic nervous system permits the entire body to react quickly.
Q8) The tissue fluid of the brain is _______________________________.
Q9) The _____________________ lobe of the cerebrum contains the auditory area.
Q10) A(n)____________________ of a neuron carries impulses toward the cell body.
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Chapter 9:The Nervous System-Part B
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Q1) Which of the following statements are true of stretch and flexor reflexes (Select all that apply)?
A)Stretch reflexes enable us to reach outward or upward very quickly.
B)Flexor reflexes enable us to pull away from harm.
C)Stretch reflexes are two-neuron reflexes in which a sensory neuron synapses directly with a motor neuron.
D)These are spinal cord reflexes that the brain cannot inhibit.
E)The patellar reflex is a flexor reflex that may be used clinically.
F)In a stretch reflex,a muscle that is stretched will contract.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of a reflex arc (Select all that apply)?
A)Interneurons may be present in the CNS.
B)A sensory neuron carries impulses to the CNS.
C)The stimulus for the reflex is detected by a receptor.
D)Synapses in the reflex arc are in the dorsal root ganglia.
E)The effector of the reflex is often muscle tissue.
F)The effector is activated by impulses from a motor neuron.
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Chapter 9:The Nervous System-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) The part of the brain that regulates body temperature is the:
A)cerebrum
B)hypothalamus
C)thalamus
D)medulla
Q2) The layer of the meninges that lines the skull and vertebral canal is the:
A)dura mater
B)arachnoid membrane
C)pia mater
D)choroid plexus
Q3) The part of peripheral nerve tissue that electrically insulates the neuron is the:
A)neuroglia
B)myelin sheath
C)neurolemma
D)cell body
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Chapter 10:The Senses-Part A
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Q1) Which of the following statements are true of the senses of taste and smell (Select all that apply)?
A)The cranial nerves for taste are the glossopharyngeal and hypoglossal.
B)The cranial nerves for smell are the olfactory nerves.
C)The receptors for taste and smell are chemoreceptors.
D)Each olfactory receptor can detect many different vapors.
E)The sensory areas for taste and smell are in the frontal lobes.
F)The sense of smell is largely dependent on the sense of taste.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of the cutaneous senses (Select all that apply)?
A)Most of the receptors are in the epidermis.
B)The receptors for pain,touch,and temperature are encapsulated nerve endings.
C)The sensitivity of an area of skin depends on how close the receptors are to the surface.
D)Irritating substances in the skin can trigger itch or pain sensations.
E)Adaptation occurs with the senses of touch and pressure.
F)Contrast is an important aspect of cutaneous temperature sense.
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Chapter 10:The Senses-Part B
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Q1) The first part of the ear that vibrates in response to sound waves is the
Q2) The effect of a previous sensation on a current sensation is called ___________________.
Q3) The ______________________ help the eyelids keep dust out of the eye.
Q4) Dilation of the pupils is brought about by _____________________ nerve impulses.
Q5) The utricle and saccule have receptors called _____________________,which are embedded in a gel with crystals called ______________________.
Q6) Arterial pressoreceptors detect changes in ___________________________.
Q7) The sensory areas for the cutaneous senses are in the ____________________ lobes.
Q8) The part of the eye that contracts to change the shape of the lens is the ____________________________.
Q9) The receptors that detect motion are located in the ______________________ of the inner ear.
Q10) Muscle sense depends on the brain creating a(n)__________________________ of the body.
Q11) Tears contain _________________________ to inhibit the growth of bacteria. Page 34
Q12) The size of the pupil of the eye is regulated by the _____________________.
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Chapter 10:The Senses-Part C
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Q1) Which part of the eye is NOT paired with its correct function?
A)aqueous humor - nourishes the lens and cornea
B)extrinsic muscles - move the eyeball
C)iris - changes the shape of the lens
D)conjunctiva - lines the eyelids
Q2) The carotid sinus contains ___,and the aortic body contains ___.
A)proprioceptors/mechanoreceptors
B)proprioceptors/chemoreceptors
C)pressoreceptors/mechanoreceptors
D)pressoreceptors/chemoreceptors
Q3) The part of the eye that forms the optic nerve is the:
A)rods
B)cones
C)bipolar neurons
D)ganglion neurons
Q4) The chemoreceptors for the sense of smell detect:
A)chemicals dissolved in saliva
B)chemicals dissolved in blood plasma
C)vaporized chemicals in the nasal cavities
D)vaporized chemicals outside the body
Page 36
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Chapter 11:The Endocrine System-Part A
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13 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of thyroxine (and T?)and growth hormone (GH)(Select all that apply)?
A)Thyroxine contains iodine and GH contains iron.
B)Thyroxine increases the use of all food types for energy.
C)GH increases the use of amino acids to produce energy.
D)Both hormones increase the rate of mitosis in growing tissues.
E)Both hormones increase the rate of protein synthesis in cells.
F)Thyroxine is secreted throughout life,but GH is secreted only when the body is growing in height.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of cortisol (Select all that apply)?
A)It is secreted by the adrenal medulla.
B)It limits the damage that the process of inflammation can cause.
C)Hunger or physical injury will increase secretion of cortisol.
D)It stimulates conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver.
E)It stimulates protein synthesis in muscles for "fight or flight."
F)It helps raise blood pressure and lower heart rate.
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Chapter 11:The Endocrine System-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) The hormone that initiates the development of egg cells in the ovary is _______________,which is produced by the _________________________ gland.
Q2) The hormone that raises the blood calcium level is _____________________,and the hormone that lowers the blood calcium level is ____________________________.
Q3) The direct stimulus for secretion of ADH is ___________________________.
Q4) Cortisol is secreted by the adrenal ____________________,which is the _______________ portion of this gland.
Q5) In men,the two hormones secreted by the testes are ________________________ and _________________________.
Q6) The direct stimulus for secretion of PTH is _____________________________.
Q7) Insulin enables cells to take in amino acids and use them for ________________________.
Q8) The mineral iodine is necessary for the synthesis of the hormone ____________________.
Q9) The hormones directly necessary for the development of egg cells in the ovary are ____________________ and __________________.
Q10) The direct stimulus for secretion of calcitonin is _________________________. Page 38
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Chapter 11:The Endocrine System-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) In men,the hormone ___ initiates sperm production in the testes,and ___ stimulates secretion of testosterone.
A)testosterone/LH
B)LH/FSH
C)testosterone/FSH
D)FSH/LH
Q2) A negative feedback mechanism:
A)always involves three or more hormones
B)contains its own brake or shutoff mechanism
C)requires an external brake to slow it
D)always involves the hypothalamus
Q3) Which endocrine disorder is NOT paired with its proper description?
A)Cushing's syndrome - bones and skin become fragile
B)myxedema - muscular weakness,slow heart rate,weight gain
C)giantism - excessive growth of long bones
D)Addison's disease - high blood pressure and hyperglycemia
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Chapter 12:Blood-Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of blood viscosity and pH (Select all that apply)?
A)Plasma proteins decrease blood viscosity,so that blood flows smoothly.
B)The normal pH range of blood is 7.35 to 7.45.
C)Blood viscosity contributes to normal blood pressure.
D)Oxygen has a greater effect on blood pH than does carbon dioxide.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of hemostasis (Select all that apply)?
A)Platelets will stick to any rough surface.
B)The greater the damage,the faster chemical clotting will begin.
C)Platelet plugs are not useful in capillaries.
D)Vascular spasm is not possible in capillaries because they do not have endothelium.
E)Vascular spasm constricts a damaged artery and makes the break smaller.
F)When a large vessel ruptures,vascular spasm must occur before chemical clotting can be useful.
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Chapter 12:Blood-Part B
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Q1) In RBC formation,iron and protein are necessary nutrients because they become part of __________________________.
Q2) In the process of chemical clotting,the result of the third stage is ______________________.
Q3) A type O person has ______________________________________ on the RBCs and ____________________________________________ in the plasma.
Q4) The most numerous WBCs are the ________________________,and the second most numerous are the __________________________.
Q5) Rh antibodies are formed only when an Rh ___________ person is exposed to Rh ________ blood.
Q6) For breaks in large arteries,blood loss may be stopped only if _______________________ occurs first.
Q7) As a consequence of a mismatched blood transfusion,the most serious damage occurs in the ________________________ because of the circulating ______________________________.
Q8) The albumin in blood plasma is produced by the ________________ and is important to maintain normal ________________________.
Q9) The term for a low platelet count is _________________________.
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Chapter 12:Blood-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) The vitamin necessary for the synthesis of prothrombin is ___,and any excess may be stored in the ___.
A)K/liver
B)C/red bone marrow
C)C/liver
D)K/red bone marrow
Q2) Old RBCs are phagocytized by macrophages in all of these organs except the:
A)red bone marrow
B)liver
C)spleen
D)lymph nodes
Q3) In emergencies,the universal donor may be considered to be:
A)type O negative
B)type O positive
C)type AB negative
D)type AB positive
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Chapter 13:The Heart-Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of the reflex arc for heart rate and blood pressure (Select all that apply)?
A)A drop in blood pressure is the stimulus to increase heart rate.
B)The receptors for this reflex are pressoreceptors located in the femoral artery.
C)The CNS center for this reflex is in the spinal cord.
D)The effector of this reflex is the myocardium.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of coronary circulation (Select all that apply)?
A)The coronary arteries are branches of the ascending aorta.
B)The blood in the coronary arteries is high in oxygen.
C)Blockage of a coronary vessel may cause ischemia and necrosis of cardiac muscle.
D)The coronary veins merge into the coronary sinus,which empties blood into the left atrium.
Q3)
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Chapter 13:The Heart-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) The aortic sinus is strategically located to detect changes as soon as the blood leaves the __________________________.
Q2) The layer of the heart wall that pumps blood is the ____________________________.
Q3) The sequence of events in one heartbeat is called the ___________________________.
Q4) The term for relaxation of the chambers of the heart is ____________________________.
Q5) The heart is directly superior to the ________________________ and is medial to the _______________________.
Q6) The aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves prevent backflow of blood from the ___________________ to the ____________________ when the ____________________ relax.
Q7) The carotid sinus is strategically located to detect changes as the blood is on its way to the ___________________________.
Q8) The heart is located in an area called the ___________________________,and is protected by the
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Q9) The myocardium forms the ______________________________ of the heart.
Chapter 13:The Heart-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) The function of the endocardium is to:
A)pump blood
B)prevent friction
C)prevent abnormal clotting
D)prevent excessive contraction
Q2) A basketball player has a resting cardiac output of 5500 mL and a stroke volume of 100 mL.What is the pulse?
A)55 bpm
B)60 bpm
C)65 bpm
D)45 bpm
Q3) If stroke volume is 70 mL and pulse is 74 bpm,what is cardiac output?
A)5000 mL
B)5180 mL
C)5260 mL
D)5280 mL
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Chapter 14:The Vascular System-Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of venous return (Select all that apply)?
A)Starling's law of the heart depends upon venous return.
B)Venous return is the volume of blood the veins return to the heart.
C)Ordinary walking increases venous return because it increases the skeletal muscle pump.
D)Breathing faster and deeper will increase venous return.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of the body's responses to a small loss of blood (Select all that apply)?
A)Heart rate will increase.
B)Vasoconstriction will take place.
C)Filtration in the kidneys will increase.
D)Breathing will decrease to conserve energy.
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Chapter 14:The Vascular System-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) The function of valves in veins is to __________________________.
Q2) If venous return decreases,cardiac output will ________________________.
Q3) The nerves to the smooth muscle of all arteries and veins are ________________________ nerves.
Q4) The flow of venous return is kept to one direction only by the ____________________ in the veins.
Q5) The _____________________ of the brain regulates the diameter of arteries and veins,and has a _______________________ area and a ______________________ area.
Q6) The blood pressure in pulmonary circulation is always __________________,to prevent filtration and accumulation of fluid in the ____________________.
Q7) One purpose of portal circulation is to enable the liver to receive the iron of ___________________ destroyed in the spleen and ____________________ any excess.
Q8) In capillaries,colloid osmotic pressure is created by the presence of __________________ in the blood.
Q9) During exercise,blood flow to the heart will _______________________,and blood flow to the skeletal muscles will ________________________.
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Chapter 14:The Vascular System-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) The effect of the hormone ADH on blood pressure is to:
A)raise it by increasing blood volume
B)lower it by decreasing blood volume
C)lower it by causing vasoconstriction
D)raise it by causing vasodilation
Q2) The intercostal arteries are branches of the:
A)aortic arch
B)abdominal aorta
C)ascending aorta
D)thoracic aorta
Q3) During exercise,blood flow to the skin will:
A)increase
B)decrease
C)remain the same
D)be unpredictable
Q4) The formation of angiotensin II will:
A)decrease venous return
B)increase urinary output
C)lower blood pressure
D)raise blood pressure
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of foreign antigens and immunity (Select all that apply)?
A)An antigen will be recognized as foreign if it is different from our "self" antigens.
B)Bacteria and viruses are foreign antigens,but a person's own cancer cells are not considered foreign.
C)Innate immunity does not have memory for foreign antigens,but adaptive immunity does have memory.
D)Innate immunity stimulates antibody production only against viruses.
E)Adaptive immunity becomes more efficient with repeated exposures to an antigen,but innate immunity does not.
F)The responses of innate immunity are always the same,but the adaptive immune response is different for each pathogen.
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Chapter 15:The Lymphatic System and Immunity-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) Lymphocytes are activated and proliferate within _____________________________.
Q2) In innate immunity,the effect of histamine on arterioles is to cause _____________________.
Q3) The vessel that empties lymph into the left subclavian vein is the _______________________.
Q4) The component of immunity that does not create memory is ____________________ immunity.
Q5) In innate immunity,the chemical that inhibits the reproduction of viruses within cells is _____________________________.
Q6) During the first exposure to a pathogen such as the chickenpox virus,antibodies are produced at a(n)_____________________ rate of speed and in __________________ amounts.
Q7) The ______________________ and ____________________ are blood cells that are destroyed by the spleen.
Q8) In adaptive immunity,when antibodies bond to viruses,they change the shape of the viruses,which is called _____________________________.
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Q9) The _____________________ lymph nodes destroy pathogens in the lymph returning from the arms.
Chapter 15:The Lymphatic System and Immunity-Part C
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121 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7810
Sample Questions
Q1) Blood is prevented from flowing into the lymphatic vessels by:
A)flaps in the subclavian veins
B)flaps in the jugular veins
C)anastomoses from the subclavian to the jugular veins
D)anastomoses from the jugular to the subclavian veins
Q2) Which statement is NOT true of innate immunity?
A)It does not create memory for a pathogen.
B)Its antibody production is usually slow.
C)Its responses are always the same.
D)It involves inflammation.
Q3) The antibodies produced first after a vaccination would be ___,followed by production of ___.
A)IgM/IgG
B)IgA/IgG
C)IgG/IgM
D)IgG/IgA
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Chapter 16:The Respiratory System-Part A
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10 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of the chemical regulation of respiration (Select all that apply)?
A)The strongest stimulus to increase breathing is a decrease in CO2 in the body fluids.
B)The carotid bodies and jugular body contain receptors that detect decreased oxygen.
C)Central chemoreceptors that are very sensitive to decreased CO2 are located in the cerebrum.
D)Severe hypoxia will stimulate an increase in breathing rate and depth.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of the upper respiratory tract (Select all that apply)?
A)The stratified squamous epithelium of the nasal mucosa is a good barrier to pathogens.
B)The nasopharynx and oropharynx are air passages only.
C)The tonsils are the lymphatic tissue of the pharynx.
D)The nasal mucosa warms and moistens inhaled air.
E)The conchae increase the surface area of the nasopharynx.
F)The laryngopharynx opens into the larynx and the esophagus.
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Chapter 16:The Respiratory System-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) The tissue that keeps the larynx and trachea open is
Q2) Normal exhalation is a passive process and depends on the _____________________ tissue of the lungs.
Q3) A forced exhalation requires the _____________________________ muscles,which pull the ribs ______________________.
Q4) The partial pressure of a gas in air or a body fluid is a measure of the _____________________ of the gas.
Q5) For most people,the speech areas are in the ____________________________ of the cerebrum.
Q6) In external respiration,the PO? in the alveoli is ________________,and the PO? in the surrounding blood is ________________.
Q7) The general cause of respiratory alkalosis is a(n)______________________ in breathing rate that results in __________________ CO<sub>2</sub> in the body.
Q8) Two functions of the nasal mucosa are to ___________________ the incoming air and add ___________________________.
Q9) During breathing,the pleural membranes are kept together by the presence of ___________________.
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Chapter 16:The Respiratory System-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) Nerve impulses that stimulate contraction of the respiratory muscles come from the:
A)apneustic center in the pons
B)expiration center in the medulla
C)pneumotaxic center in the pons
D)inspiration center in the medulla
Q2) Normal exhalation is usually ___ because of the ___.
A)passive/elasticity of the lungs
B)active/smooth muscle of the lungs
C)passive/expiration center in the pons
D)active/expiration center in the medulla
Q3) The function of hemoglobin is to:
A)carry most oxygen and most carbon dioxide
B)carry most oxygen
C)carry most carbon dioxide bonded to iron
D)carry some oxygen and most carbon dioxide
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Chapter 17:The Digestive System-Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of the locations of the digestive organs (Select all that apply)?
A)The liver is just below the diaphragm,primarily in the upper right quadrant.
B)The parotid salivary glands are below the floor of the mouth.
C)The stomach is posterior to the spleen and inferior to the pancreas.
D)The gallbladder is on the upper surface of the right lobe of the liver.
E)The oropharynx is between the mouth and the esophagus,and is covered by the epiglottis during swallowing.
F)The large intestine turns at the spleen on the right side and at the liver on the left side.
G)The pancreas extends from the lesser curvature of the stomach to the spleen.
H)The ileum is the most superior part of the small intestine,and the duodenum is the most inferior.
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Chapter 17:The Digestive System-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) Two clotting factors produced by the liver are ____________________________ and ________________________.
Q2) During swallowing,the opening from the pharynx to the larynx is covered by the __________________________.
Q3) The digestive processes take place within organs that are part of the portion of the digestive system called the ___________________________.
Q4) In the villi of the small intestine,water is absorbed by the process of ___________________ following the absorption of
Q5) The root of a tooth is made of _______________________,and is anchored in its socket by the _______________________ membrane.
Q6) The enteroendocrine cells of the alimentary tube are located in the ___________________ (layer).
Q7) The function of amylase in saliva is to digest _______________ to _________________.
Q8) The portion of the digestive system that extends from the mouth to the anus is the ___________________________________.
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Q9) The end products of carbohydrate digestion are
Chapter 17:The Digestive System-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) An important vitamin that is produced by the normal flora of the colon is vitamin ___,needed for ___.
A)D/calcium metabolism
B)K/blood clotting
C)D/bone growth
D)K/RBC production
Q2) The function of the parietal cells of the gastric mucosa is to secrete:
A)pepsinogen
B)hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen
C)pepsin and intrinsic factor
D)hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor
Q3) The salivary glands located at the posterior corners of the lower jaw are the:
A)subpharyngeal glands
B)sublingual glands
C)submandibular glands
D)parotid glands
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Chapter 18:Body Temperature and Metabolism-Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of the stages of cell respiration (Select all that apply)?
A)Glycolysis takes place in the mitochondria.
B)The enzymes for the Krebs citric acid cycle are in the cytoplasm of the cell.
C)The cytochromes of the electron transport system are in the mitochondria.
D)Oxygen is required for the Krebs cycle,but not for glycolysis.
E)Oxygen is required for the electron transport chain,but not for the Krebs cycle.
F)Oxygen is required for the Krebs cycle but not for the electron transport chain or for glycolysis.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of heat loss (Select all that apply)?
A)The process of sweating brings about heat loss by way of diffusion.
B)Most heat that is lost from the body is lost through the skin.
C)Blood is warmed by passage through active organs,and carries heat to cooler body areas.
D)Small amounts of body heat are lost with exhalations.
E)A breeze cools the skin surface by the process of radiation.
F)If the environmental temperature is 80oF and the humidity is 90%,sweating will be the most efficient mechanism of heat loss.
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Chapter 18:Body Temperature and Metabolism-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) A gram of fat yields ________ calories,a gram of protein yields __________ calories,and a gram of carbohydrates yields ___________ calories.
Q2) In cell respiration,the minerals __________________ and ___________________ are part of some cytochromes.
Q3) Loss of body heat from the respiratory tract occurs because of ______________________ of ______________________ in air that is exhaled.
Q4) A substance that causes a fever does so by activating the ______________________ responses that are regulated by the
Q5) Vasodilation in the dermis is not an effective heat loss mechanism when the environmental temperature is ________________________________.
Q6) In cell respiration,oxygen is not required for the stage of ___________________________.
Q7) The collective term for all of the reactions within the body is ________________________.
Q8) In synthesis reactions,fatty acids are used to synthesize ___________________________ for storage or ___________________________ for cell membranes.
Page 60
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Chapter 18:Body Temperature and Metabolism-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement is NOT true of the use of food molecules in cell respiration?
A)Glycerol is changed to pyruvic acid and enters the Krebs cycle.
B)Fatty acids are changed to acetyl groups to enter the Krebs cycle.
C)Amino acids and fatty acids may be changed to ketones.
D)Glucose may be changed to ketones.
Q2) In the cell respiration of glucose,pyruvic acid is formed during which stage?
A)glycolysis
B)the Krebs cycle
C)the cytochrome transport system
D)all three stages
Q3) The term for synthesis reactions in the body is:
A)anabolism
B)metabolism
C)catabolism
D)metabolic rate
Q4) All of these may cause fevers except:
A)cells of the stratum corneum
B)bacteria
C)chemicals released by damaged cells
D)viruses
61
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Chapter 19:The Urinary System-Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of the kidneys and acid-base balance (Select all that apply)?
A)If body fluids become too acidic,the kidneys will secrete H+ ions into the renal filtrate.
B)Kidney cells can obtain H+ ions from the reaction of CO2 and H2O to form carbonic acid.
C)The bicarbonate buffer system is a mechanism for the kidneys to get rid of excess H+ ions and thereby lower the pH of body fluids.
D)The kidneys help maintain the normal pH range of blood of 7.30 to 7.40.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of the blood vessels of the kidney (Select all that apply)?
A)Peritubular capillaries surround the renal corpuscle.
B)The renal artery is a direct branch of the abdominal aorta.
C)Blood pressure in the glomeruli is lower than in other capillaries,which is necessary to prevent rupture.
D)The afferent arteriole has a smaller diameter than does the efferent arteriole.
E)The "work" of the kidneys takes place in the two sets of capillaries.
F)The renal vein takes blood to the inferior mesenteric vein.
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Chapter 19:The Urinary System-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) A renal corpuscle and a renal tubule are the two major parts of a(n)_______________________.
Q2) The renal vein carries blood to the ________________________________.
Q3) When the kidneys excrete hydrogen ions to regulate pH,the ions that are returned to the blood are _________________________ and _______________________.
Q4) In the kidneys,the hormone that increases the excretion of sodium ions and water is _______________________.
Q5) In the kidneys,the hormone that increases the reabsorption of sodium ions and water is ___________________________.
Q6) The ____________________________ is usually contracted to prevent outflow of urine.
Q7) The two major parts of a nephron are the ______________________ and ____________________________.
Q8) In the kidney,calyces are part of the __________________________.
Q9) In the kidneys,the effect of ADH is to ______________________________.
Page 63
Q10) The cavity on the medial side of a kidney is formed by the expansion of the ______________ within the kidney and is called the ______________________.
Q11) Normal urinary output per 24 hours is _________ to _________ liters.
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Chapter 19:The Urinary System-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) When the kidneys excrete hydrogen ions to regulate pH,the ions that are returned to the blood are:
A)sodium and potassium ions
B)sodium and bicarbonate ions
C)potassium and bicarbonate ions
D)sodium,potassium,and bicarbonate ions
Q2) The capillaries of the kidneys that receive useful materials that are reabsorbed are the:
A)afferent capillaries
B)glomeruli
C)peritubular capillaries
D)periglomerular capillaries
Q3) Which statement is NOT true of the internal structure of the kidney?
A)Collecting tubules are found in the renal pyramids.
B)The renal pelvis is at the hilus of the kidney.
C)Proximal convoluted tubules are found in the renal cortex.
D)Distal convoluted tubules are found in the renal medulla.
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Chapter 20:Fluid Electrolyte and Acid Base Balance-Part
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of water intake and output (Select all that apply)?
A)Most water intake is in the form of water and other beverages.
B)Most water output is in the form of urine.
C)Metabolic water provides 25% of the total water intake because cell respiration is a constant process.
D)Most foods do not provide water.
E)Water loss by way of sweating may vary greatly from day to day.
F)Water loss by way of breathing is the water vapor in exhaled air.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of water and water compartments (Select all that apply)?
A)Interstitial fluid is another name for intracellular fluid.
B)Water moves into and out of cells mainly by osmosis.
C)Lymph was previously tissue fluid and will become plasma.
D)Tissue fluid is formed from plasma by the process of filtration.
E)Cerebrospinal fluid is the tissue fluid of the CNS and is formed by active transport.
F)The largest water compartment is plasma,and the smallest is tissue fluid.
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Chapter 20:Fluid Electrolyte and Acid Base Balance-Part B
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Q1) The second largest source of daily water intake for a person comes from
Q2) The pH-regulating mechanism that works most slowly is the
Q3) The specialized fluid _________________________ is the tissue fluid of the eye.
Q4) If the osmolarity of a solution increases,this means that the relative amount of water has _________________________.
Q5) The specialized fluid _________________________ prevents friction in joints.
Q6) The electrolyte that is essential for blood clotting is ________________________.
Q7) In plasma and tissue fluid,____________________ are significant organic anions.
Q8) The pH-regulating mechanism that has the least capacity to buffer an ongoing pH imbalance is the ____________________________.
Q9) If the osmolarity of a solution increases,this means that the relative amount of _______________________ has decreased.
Q11) The phosphate buffer system is important for pH regulation by the Page 67
Q10) Tissue fluid becomes intracellular fluid by the process of ________________________.
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Chapter 20:Fluid Electrolyte and Acid Base Balance-Part
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Q1) Which statement is NOT true of ions and solutions?
A)Chloride is a cation.
B)In osmosis,water follows salt.
C)Osmosis is the diffusion of water.
D)Sulfate and phosphate are anions.
Q2) When an amino acid's amine group picks up an excess hydrogen ion in a body fluid,it is acting as:
A)an acid
B)a base
C)both of these
D)neither of these,because there is no effect on pH
Q3) Most of the water lost from the body is in the form of:
A)feces
B)urine
C)sweat
D)exhaled water vapor
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Chapter 21:The Reproductive Systems-Part A
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Q1) Which of the following statements are true of sperm (Select all that apply)?
A)The chromosomes are with the mitochondria because they require ATP in order to divide.
B)The flagellum provides for movement,and is most efficient in a moderately acidic environment.
C)The acrosome contains enzymes to digest the membrane of an ovum.
D)Millions of sperm are contained in 1 mL of semen.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of the reproductive hormones (Select all that apply)?
A)In men,LH stimulates meiosis in the testes.
B)In women,LH stimulates the release of a mature ovum from an ovarian follicle.
C)In women,both FSH and estrogen contribute to the growth and maturation of an ovarian follicle.
D)In both men and women,inhibin directly inhibits the secretion of testosterone and estrogen,respectively.
E)In women,the secretion of progesterone is stimulated by FSh.
F)In men,both FSH and testosterone contribute to the growth and maturation of sperm.
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Page 70
Chapter 21:The Reproductive Systems-Part B
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Q1) An erection occurs when the arteries to the penis _____________________,and the cavernous tissue __________________.
Q2) The corpus luteum in an ovary produces the hormones ______________________ and ________________________ when stimulated by ___________________.
Q3) In the ovary,the hormone that initiates development of an ovum is ____________________.
Q4) A developing ovarian follicle produces the hormone _________________ when stimulated by ___________________.
Q5) In spermatogenesis,the hormones that are directly necessary for normal sperm production are _____________________ and _____________________.
Q6) Human milk contains the carbohydrate ___________________ as a nutrient.
Q7) The part of the endometrium that is not lost in menstruation is the ________________________.
Q8) The perineum is the area between the ______________________ anteriorly and the ____________________ posteriorly.
Q9) The interstitial cells of the testes produce ___________________________.
Q10) The exit of the uterus,for menstrual flow,is the ______________________.
Q11) The labia majora and minora cover the ______________________________. Page 71
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Chapter 21:The Reproductive Systems-Part C
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Q1) An erection occurs when the arteries to the penis ___,and the cavernous tissue ___.
A)dilate/empties of blood
B)constrict/fills with blood
C)dilate/fills with blood
D)constrict/empties of blood
Q2) Maturation of sperm takes place in the:
A)spermatic cord
B)interstitial cells
C)seminiferous tubules
D)epididymis
Q3) In the menstrual cycle,as secretion of progesterone decreases:
A)the myometrium will not contract
B)the cervix of the uterus dilates
C)the endometrium continues to grow
D)the endometrium begins to slough off
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Chapter 22:Human Development and Genetics-Part A
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Q1) Which of the following statements are true of genetics (Select all that apply)?
A)Genotype is the assortment of alleles (genes)that are actually present in a person.
B)The same phenotype may be possible with two different genotypes.
C)The same genotype may be possible with two different phenotypes.
D)In a homozygous pair of alleles,both are the same.
E)In a heterozygous pair of alleles,both are either maternal or paternal.
F)The homozygous phenotype for a trait is always different from the heterozygous phenotype.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of multiple allele inheritance (Select all that apply)?
A)More than two alleles for the trait exist,but an individual will have only two of them.
B)At least one of the alleles will be dominant over another.
C)A child may have a phenotype that is different from that of both parents.
D)A child may have a genotype that is different from that of both parents.
E)The human ABO blood group has three alleles and four possible blood types.
F)In the ABO group,the recessive phenotype is the most frequent in the human population.
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74
Chapter 22:Human Development and Genetics-Part B
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Q1) The amnion is the embryonic membrane that contains ______________________ to provide a(n)________________________ for the fetus.
Q2) Homologous chromosomes are a pair of chromosomes that may also be called ______________________ and ___________________.
Q3) During an average gestation period,the period of embryonic growth lasts __________ weeks and the period of fetal growth lasts _____________ weeks.
Q4) In the embryo,the liver and lungs are derived from the _______________________.
Q5) For the ABO blood types in people,the ____________ allele is recessive and the ____________ alleles are co-dominant.
Q6) A trait that is ____________________ requires two genes for its expression,and a trait that is _______________________ requires only one gene for its expression.
Q7) Genetics problem: Dad is red-green color blind and Mom is not a carrier.The percent chance that a son will NOT be color blind is ______________,and that a daughter will NOT be a carrier is _____________.
Q8) Fertilization of an ovum usually takes place in the ______________________________.
Q9) The sex chromosomes in women are called _______________.
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Chapter 22:Human Development and Genetics-Part C
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Q1) Which statement is NOT true of the events surrounding fertilization?
A)The sperm and egg each contribute 23 chromosomes.
B)Fertilization usually takes place in the fallopian tube.
C)The zygote begins to divide by meiosis to produce two cells,then four cells,and so on.
D)The hollow sphere of cells that is formed is called a blastocyst.
Q2) Mom and Dad both have type A blood.Their first child has type O blood.What does this tell us about Mom and Dad?
A)One of them must have an O gene.
B)Both of them must have an O gene.
C)One of them must be heterozygous type A.
D)Both of them must be homozygous type A.
Q3) The stem cells of a blastocyst are found in the:
A)inner cell mass
B)outer cell mass
C)trophoblast
D)All of these are stem cells.
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Chapter 1:An Introduction to Microbiology and Human
Disease-Part A
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Q1) The part of the small intestine with the largest resident flora is the:
A)duodenum
B)jejunum
C)ileum
D)cecum
Q2) A disease that may be spread directly or indirectly from host to host is called:
A)communicable
B)contagious
C)noncommunicable
D)none of these
Q3) Which statement is NOT true of bacterial cell structure?
A)The cell membrane is either gram positive or gram negative.
B)Bacteria with flagella are able to move.
C)Spores enable bacteria to survive drying.
D)Capsules inhibit phagocytosis by host WBCs.
Q4) The way a pathogen leaves a host is called the:
A)portal of exit
B)transfer site
C)portal of embarkation
D)deaccess site
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Chapter 1:An Introduction to Microbiology and Human
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Q1) The measles virus is host specific,which means that it affects only _______________ and not ___________________________.
Q2) The colon flora are beneficial to us because they produce ______________________.
Q3) With respect to bacteria,diplo means __________________,staphylo means _____________,and strepto means _______________________.
Q4) An infection that has spread throughout the body by way of the blood or lymph is called __________________________.
Q5) In women only,the acidic pH created by the normal flora of the _________________ inhibits the growth of pathogens.
Q6) A(n)_______________________ disease is one with more than the usual number of cases in a population.
Q7) The process of chlorination is used to destroy microorganisms in _____________________.
Q8) Bacteria usually reproduce by the process of _________________________.
Q10) Viruses cause disease by _____________________. Page 78
Q9) The flaking of the stratum corneum continuously removes potential pathogens from the __________________________.
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Chapter 1:An Introduction to Microbiology and Human
Disease-Part C
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Q1) Which of the following statements are true of viruses (Select all that apply)?
A)A virus has either DNA or RNA surrounding its protein core.
B)To reproduce,a virus must be within a living cell.
C)Viruses spread from person to person only by direct contact.
D)Viruses cause disease by killing the cells they reproduce within.
E)The enzymes secreted by viruses are needed for them to obtain food.
F)Some viruses require insect vectors to spread from host to host.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of yeasts and molds (Select all that apply)?
A)A superficial mycosis affects the skin or mucous membranes.
B)Yeasts in small numbers may be part of the resident flora of the skin or oral cavity.
C)The molds that form mycelia are not considered part of resident flora.
D)People with compromised immune systems are more susceptible to systemic mycoses.
E)Several systemic mycoses are lung infections following the inhalation of spores.
F)Molds are true pathogens in that they always cause disease whenever they are present.
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