Nutrition Science Practice
Questions
Course Introduction
Nutrition Science explores the biological and chemical foundations of human nutrition, examining how nutrients affect body function, health, and disease prevention. The course covers essential topics such as macronutrients and micronutrients, dietary guidelines, metabolism, digestion, and the relationship between diet and chronic illnesses. Students will analyze current research, evaluate nutritional claims, and discuss the impact of cultural, social, and economic factors on dietary choices, preparing them to make informed decisions about nutrition for themselves and others.
Recommended Textbook
Nutrition An Applied Approach 5th Edition by
Janice J. Thompson
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30 Chapters
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1904 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Nutrition: Linking Food and Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an example of disease that is directly caused by a nutritional deficiency?
A) pellagra
B) cancer
C) type 2 diabetes
D) heart disease
Answer: A
Q2) A hypothesis or group of related hypotheses that have been confirmed through repeated scientific experiments is known as a(n)
A) phenomenon.
B) experiment.
C) theory.
D) fact.
Answer: C
Q3) The building blocks of proteins are called
A) fatty acids.
B) amino acids.
C) saccharides.
D) nitrogen fragments.
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Designing a Healthful Diet
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Sample Questions
Q1) At the grocery store,Janice studies the labels on fortified rice milk to find one that is high in calcium.Which of the following label statements identifies the product that is highest in calcium?
A) "Calcium added!"
B) "Provides calcium!"
C) "Good source of calcium!"
D) "Excellent source of calcium!"
Answer: D
Q2) Braeden tends to eat whenever he feels bored.His boredom is an example of a(n)
A) emotional cue.
B) cultural cue.
C) biological hunger cue.
D) sensory cue.
Answer: A
Q3) The Dietary Guidelines for Americans are updated every 10 years.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter
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Sample Questions
Q1) The majority of nutrient absorption takes place in the pancreas.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) What chemical in gastric juice kills bacteria you may have consumed?
A) pepsinogen
B) gastric lipase
C) mucus
D) hydrochloric acid (HCl)
Answer: D
Q3) Most dietary fiber is absorbed in the small intestine.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) Mechanical digestion begins in the A) mouth.
B) pharynx.
C) stomach.
D) small intestine.
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Carbohydrates: Plant-Derived Energy Nutrients
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Sample Questions
Q1) Defend or refute two claims: that using alternative sweeteners helps people lose weight; and that using alternative sweeteners helps people maintain a healthful body weight.
Q2) The primary energy source used by the body during intense exercise is A) carbohydrate. B) protein.
C) fat.
D) cholesterol.
Q3) Which of the following is associated with the development of ketosis?
A) a diet that contains too much fat
B) a diet that contains insufficient fat
C) a diet that contains too much carbohydrate
D) a diet that contains insufficient carbohydrate
Q4) People should consume at least 10% of their daily Calories as added sugars.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Your friend tells you that he wants to lose weight and has chosen to go on a low-carbohydrate diet.What would you say to your friend about this decision? How does the body respond when there is an inadequate intake of dietary carbohydrate?
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Chapter 5: Fats: Essential Energy-Supplying Nutrients
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Sample Questions
Q1) Lipids that contain multiple carbon-ring structures are known as phospholipids.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Saturated fats are
A) not found in foods derived from plants.
B) found primarily in foods derived from plants.
C) found in salmon and eggs.
D) liquid at room temperature
Q3) Studies show that the use of fat replacers reduces the risk of obesity.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following is TRUE about essential fatty acids?
A) The body produces essential fatty acids.
B) We need to obtain essential fatty acids from food.
C) No vegetables contain essential fatty acids.
D) Consumption of essential fatty acids reduces the production of eicosanoids, which can promote cardiovascular disease.
Q5) Lipids can be either solid or liquid at room temperature.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Proteins: Crucial Components of All Body
Tissues
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Sample Questions
Q1) Alkalosis is a condition in which the pH of the blood becomes too basic.
A)True
B)False
Q2) All legumes are complete proteins.
A)True
B)False
Q3) An acid-base imbalance can result in
A) a blood pH of about 7.4.
B) an increased rate of HCL production in the stomach.
C) coma and death.
D) widespread release of antibodies into the bloodstream.
Q4) The process of transferring the amine group from one amino acid to another is called
A) gene expression.
B) alteration.
C) deamination.
D) transamination.
Q5) Protein-energy malnutrition is seen only in developing countries. A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: Nutrients Involved in Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
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Sample Questions
Q1) During pregnancy,adequate fluid intake is necessary to maintain the amniotic fluid surrounding the fetus.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Individuals taking diuretics should always increase their dietary potassium intake.
A)True
B)False
Q3) One consequence of hypernatremia is
A) swelling of tissues in the brain.
B) dangerously diluted blood sodium levels.
C) rapid drop in blood pressure.
D) movement of water into the intracellular fluid compartment.
Q4) The liquid portion of the blood is called plasma.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Two-thirds of body fluids consist of extracellular fluid.
A)True
B)False
Q6) How do electrolytes function in controlling fluid balance in the body?
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Chapter 8: Nutrients Essential to Key Body Functions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is associated with the decreased absorption and utilization of
A) glucose.
B) thiamin.
C) riboflavin.
D) protein.
Q2) Vitamin A plays an essential role in the human body in A) preventing acne.
B) acting as an antioxidant and scavenging free radicals.
C) protecting polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) from oxidation.
D) maintaining healthy vision.
Q3) Hydrogen gas (H )is an example of A) a free radical.
B) an antioxidant.
C) a molecule.
D) a compound.
Q4) Two B-vitamins contain the major mineral sulfur.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain how vitamin A affects growth,reproduction,and cell differentiation.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Nutrients Essential to Healthy Tissues
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Sample Questions
Q1) The iron-carrying protein that assists in the transport of oxygen into muscle cells is
A) myoglobin.
B) hemoglobin.
C) hematocrit.
D) hemosiderin.
Q2) The first period of rapid bone growth is
A) during fetal development.
B) from birth to age 2.
C) from age 2 through age 5.
D) during adolescence.
Q3) Which of the following is the primary dietary source of vitamin D in the United States?
A) fatty fish
B) cod liver oil
C) green leafy vegetables
D) fortified foods
Q4) Vitamin B6 deficiency can lead to microcytic anemia.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Achieving and Maintaining a Healthful Body Weight
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Sample Questions
Q1) The primary determinant of basal metabolic rate is the number of kcal we consume,on average,per day.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Body mass index (BMI)is BEST described as
A) the percentage of an individual's body weight as compared to a reference population standard.
B) an individual's lean tissue mass, squared.
C) a ratio of an individual's fat tissue to lean tissue mass, squared.
D) a ratio of an individual's body weight to height, squared.
Q3) The drifty gene theory suggests that,over time,there is random mutation in the genes that control the upper limit of body fatness.
A)True
B)False
Q4) BMI is a measurement used to determine a person's body composition.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Many popular fad diet plans do not result in long-term,healthful weight changes.Describe characteristics of a fad diet and explain why they often fail.
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Chapter 11: Nutrition and Physical Activity: Keys to Good Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) When oxygen availability is limited in the cell,pyruvic acid is converted to lactic acid.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Creatine supplementation may enhance an athlete's sprint performance in swimming,running,and cycling.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following weekly routines most closely follows the FITT principle recommendations to improve flexibility?
A) two sets of weight lifting 5-lb barbells twice a week
B) swimming 30 minutes twice a week at 64% max heart rate
C) full-range-motion yoga stretches (twice per stretch) twice a week
D) thirty-minute Pilates stretching class five mornings a week
Q4) Ephedrine is a synthetic opioid marketed to reduce pain during intensive workouts.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Discuss the health benefits of regular physical activity.
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Chapter
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Sample Questions
Q1) Microorganisms that benefit from and harm their hosts are called
A) fungi.
B) toxins.
C) parasites.
D) prions.
Q2) According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC),what ratio of Americans experience foodborne illness annually?
A) one in six
B) one in ten
C) one in fourteen
D) nearly one in twenty
Q3) Which human organ system is MOST affected by toxic levels of mercury?
A) nervous
B) renal
C) cardiovascular
D) digestive
Q4) Refrigerating or freezing foods will kill most or all bacteria present in the food.
A)True
B)False
Page 14
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Challenge of Good Food
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Sample Questions
Q1) The International Micronutrient Initiative works primarily to A) vaccinate children against certain infectious diseases.
B) deliver mosquito nets to families in malaria-prone regions.
C) promote children's intake of vitamin A, folic acid, iron, zinc, and iodine.
D) provide emergency food assistance during famines and other acute food shortages.
Q2) In the U.S.,the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP,commonly called "food stamps")ensures that everyone has enough to eat.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Choosing organic,locally grown,or less-processed foods at your grocery store
A) discourages the proliferation of small family farms.
B) supports the production and sale of such foods.
C) discourages the profitability of such foods.
D) supports fair trade.
Q4) The content of the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans was influenced by lobbyists for the U.S.food industry.
A)True
B)False
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Nutrition Through the Lifecycle: Pregnancy and the
First Year of Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) Small fruits such as grapes and raisins are appropriate "sweets" for older infants.
A)True
B)False
Q2) At what point during pregnancy is adequate folate MOST important?
A) during the first four days after conception
B) during the first four weeks after conception
C) during the second trimester
D) during the third trimester
Q3) Which of the following foods is LEAST likely to be contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes?
A) bologna
B) smoked salmon
C) a hard-boiled egg
D) raw sprouts
Q4) Well-planned vegetarian diets are appropriate for pregnant women.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Identify and describe the main components of a healthy diet for pregnant women.
Q6) Explain why breast milk is ideally suited for infant nourishment.
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Chapter 15: Nutrition Through the Lifecycle: Childhood to
Late Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) In older adults,which of the following is a mineral important to a healthy immune system and wound healing?
A) calcium
B) vitamin C
C) vitamin A
D) zinc
Q2) Toddlers need a higher amount of protein per kg body weight than older children.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Parents often do need to force their children to eat healthful foods.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Gerontologists coined the term "nine Ds" for the factors that most commonly contribute to age-related dementia.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The energy needs of older adults are higher than those of younger adults.
A)True
B)False
Page 17
Q6) Compare the benefits and risks of feeding a vegan diet to a young child.
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Chapter 16: New Frontiers in Nutrition and Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) Taking a broad-spectrum antibiotic to fight an infection also helps to boost the healthful bacteria in our microbiome.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Probiotics contribute to human health by improving the balance of healthful bacteria in the GI tract.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Epigenetic factors may help to explain why everyone following the exact same weight-loss diet and exercise program will lose the same amount of weight.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Prebiotics are generally found in easily digestible,high-protein foods such as meat and poultry.
A)True B)False
Q5) Yogurt you purchase from a local dairy farm is a processed food. A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: Healthful Eating Patterns
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements describes the Mediterranean-style diet?
A) Red meat is consumed only monthly.
B) Cheese is consumed only weekly.
C) Beans and other legumes are consumed every 2 to 3 days.
D) The major fat used for cooking and flavor is butter.
Q2) According to the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans,which of the following is a component of a healthful eating pattern?
A) alcohol
B) sodium
C) sugars
D) oils
Q3) The 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend that,in addition to following a healthful eating pattern,Americans
A) sleep at least 9 hours a night.
B) take a daily multivitamin/mineral supplement.
C) engage in at least 150 minutes per week of moderate physical activity.
D) meditate for at least 20 minutes a day at least five days a week.
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Chapter 18: Disorders Related to Specific Foods
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Q1) Which of the following typically occurs when people who are lactose intolerant consume dairy foods?
A) headache
B) joint pain
C) constipation
D) intestinal gas
Q2) Undiagnosed celiac disease increases the risk for
A) obesity.
B) type 2 diabetes.
C) high blood pressure.
D) intestinal cancer.
Q3) Celiac disease is the same as gluten sensitivity.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In the United States,how many foods account for over 90 percent of all documented food allergies?
A) 3
B) 8
C) 20
D) 160
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Chapter 19: Diabetes
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Sample Questions
Q1) People with diabetes have a high rate of toe,foot,and lower-leg amputations because of
A) low levels of blood glucose and high levels of circulating insulin.
B) ketosis and ketoacidosis.
C) neuropathy and reduced circulation.
D) insulin sensitivity and reactivity.
Q2) Diabetes is more common in Caucasians than in other ethnic groups.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In obese people,lipid deposits in muscle,liver,and pancreatic beta cells increases their sensitivity to insulin.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following is a symptom of type 2 diabetes?
A) pain or burning on urination
B) oily skin
C) tingling in the hands or feet
D) loss of appetite
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Chapter 20: Cardiovascular Disease
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Sample Questions
Q1) Drugs called statins treat cardiovascular disease by
A) increasing the reabsorption of bile in the GI tract.
B) decreasing the kidneys' excretion of water an sodium.
C) constricting blood vessel walls to reduce the work of the heart.
D) blocking an enzyme needed for cholesterol synthesis.
Q2) One out of every ten deaths from coronary heart disease is due to smoking or exposure to secondhand smoke.
A)True
B)False
Q3) High-density lipoproteins contain a higher percentage of protein than do low-density lipoproteins.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A nonspecific marker of inflammation associated with cardiovascular disease is
A) C-reactive protein (CRP).
B) LDL-cholesterol.
C) hypertension.
D) HDL-cholesterol.
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Chapter 21: Vitamins and Minerals: Micronutrients With
Macro Powers
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Sample Questions
Q1) The letters used to identify the fat-soluble vitamins indicate the A) compound from which the vitamins are synthesized.
B) order of importance that the vitamins play in the body.
C) abbreviation of the vitamins' chemical name.
D) chronological order in which the vitamins were discovered.
Q2) The minerals in dietary supplements are synthesized in a laboratory.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Fat-soluble vitamins need to be consumed more frequently than water-soluble vitamins.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following is a trace mineral?
A) iron
B) sodium
C) sulfur
D) calcium
Q5) Protein is more efficiently absorbed by the body than iron.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 22: Alcohol
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Sample Questions
Q1) Women who are breastfeeding should abstain from alcohol as it easily passes into the breast milk at levels equal to blood alcohol concentrations.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)is a serious condition that is associated with physical birth defects and mental retardation.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The antioxidant found in red wine that may confer health benefits is
A) resveratrol.
B) selenium.
C) lutein.
D) retinol.
Q4) Which of the following is NOT a risk associated with alcohol use disorders?
A) malnutrition
B) increased risk of chronic disease
C) increased risk of traumatic injury
D) increased brain function
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Chapter 23: Cancer
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT a major type of cancer treatment?
A) chemotherapy
B) immunotherapy
C) radiation
D) surgery
Q2) All cancers caused by tobacco use
A) are fatal.
B) involve the lungs or other organs or tissues of the respiratory system.
C) are preventable.
D) quickly metastasize.
Q3) Which of the following events occurs during the stage of cancer known as promotion?
A) Tumors grow their own blood vessels.
B) Tumors disrupt normal body functions at site of growth.
C) Mutated cells divide.
D) DNA mutations occur.
Q4) Once the DNA of the cell is mutated and the altered cells begin to grow,the development of cancer is inevitable.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 24: Osteoporosis
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Sample Questions
Q1) As adults age,bone density declines.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In which phase of a woman's life cycle is bone loss the greatest?
A) puberty
B) pregnancy
C) lactation
D) menopause
Q3) What is the primary reason osteoporosis incidence in the United States is expected to increase in the next two decades?
A) inadequate preventive measures
B) increased diagnosis
C) increased longevity of the population
D) decline in milk consumption
Q4) Two common sites of fracture in an individual suffering from osteoporosis are the
A) hip and spine.
B) wrist and hand.
C) clavicle and scapula.
D) sternum and ribs.
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Chapter 25: Obesity
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Q1) As compared to people of normal body weight,mortality rates for people who are obese are increased by as much as
A) 25 percent
B) 50 percent
C) 75 percent
D) 100 percent
Q2) Weight-loss supplements containing mahuang are
A) derived from the exoskeleton of crustaceans.
B) sedating.
C) associated with rapid heart rate and sudden death.
D) safe and effective.
Q3) Arthur is 65 years old,and his BMI classifies him as obese.Which of the following is he LEAST likely to be at risk for?
A) depression
B) sleep apnea
C) osteoporosis
D) Alzheimer's disease
Q4) Inflammation is one of the nine cardiometabolic risk factors.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 26: Disorders Related to Body Image, Eating, and Exercise
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Q1) Social physique anxiety has been found to increase the risk for exercise addiction.
A)True
B)False
Q2) David typically eats healthfully,but after breaking up with his girlfriend,he went home and ate an entire bag of corn chips and a carton of ice cream.Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A) David has bulimia nervosa.
B) David has binge-eating disorder.
C) David's behavior is an example of binge eating.
D) David's behavior is an example of purging.
Q3) Which of the following BEST explains why individuals with the female athlete triad have an increased risk for fractures?
A) decreased estrogen production leads to loss of bone mass
B) frequent electrolyte imbalance leads to seizures and falls
C) depressed levels of cortisol disrupt calcium regulation
D) abnormal thyroid levels reduce bone-mineral building
Q4) Many people with bulimia nervosa maintain a normal weight.
A)True
B)False
Page 29
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Chapter 27: The Safety and Effectiveness of Dietary Supplements
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Q1) The population MOST likely to benefit from taking a single-nutrient beta-carotene supplement is smokers.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The FDA must find a supplement unsafe before it can remove the supplement from the market.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A dietary supplement can be removed from the market for which of the following reasons?
A) if it has not been approved by the FDA
B) if it contains tissues from animal organs or glands
C) if it does not meet federal guidelines on purity, quality, safety, and composition
D) if the manufacturer cannot substantiate all label claims
Q4) There are currently no federal guidelines or practices to ensure the purity,quality,safety,and composition of dietary supplements.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 28: Malnutrition
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Sample Questions
Q1) The stress hormone cortisol suppresses appetite.
A)True
B)False
Q2) About what percentage of deaths of children from birth to age 5 are due to malnutrition?
A) 15%
B) 25%
C) 35%
D) 45%
Q3) Areas or regions where people lack access to fresh,healthful,and affordable food are called
A) food oases.
B) food deserts.
C) deprivation zones.
D) obesity zones.
Q4) A lower-than-expected body weight for height is known as stunted growth.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 29: The Fetal Environment
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Q1) Adults who were exposed in utero,in infancy,and in early childhood to the Leningrad famine had far poorer health,on average,than adults who were exposed to the Netherlands famine.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Low vitamin D status in pregnant women increases the risk of low bone density in their children.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The process by which a fetus's metabolism,hormone production,and other physiological processes shift in response to inadequate energy intake during pregnancy is called fetal
A) adaptation.
B) accommodation.
C) compromise.
D) modification.
Q4) Research suggests that there are lifelong consequences to any type of nutrient imbalance during pregnancy.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 30: Searching for the Fountain of Youth
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Q1) Calorie restriction is defined as consuming 1,000 or fewer Calories per day.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Intermittent fasting (IF)involves
A) reducing one's average energy intake.
B) avoiding all empty-Calorie foods every other day.
C) consuming no Calories at least one day of each week.
D) altering one's pattern of food intake.
Q3) An evaluation of the impact of Calorie restriction on health indicates that it is the energy content of the diet and NOT the nutrient content that is critical to prolong life.
A)True
B)False
Q4) To gain up to 5 years of healthy living,people following Calorie restriction must A) begin in early childhood.
B) practice it at least every other day.
C) restrict their energy intake by at least 20%.
D) consume a vegan diet.
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