Nutrition Assessment and Intervention
Final Test Solutions
Course Introduction
Nutrition Assessment and Intervention explores the principles and methods used to evaluate the nutritional status of individuals and populations. The course covers dietary, anthropometric, biochemical, and clinical assessments, along with interpretation of data to identify nutritional risks. Students learn to design and implement effective interventions tailored to diverse needs, emphasizing evidence-based strategies for health promotion, disease prevention, and nutritional management across the lifespan. Practical skills in conducting assessments, developing care plans, and communicating recommendations are integrated through case studies and applied learning activities.
Recommended Textbook
Advanced Nutrition and Human Metaboli 7th Edition Sareen S. Gropper
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14 Chapters
1263 Verified Questions
1263 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Cell: A Microcosm of Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) Diagnostic enzymology focuses on ____.
A)enzymes that are widely distributed among many tissues
B)intracellular enzymes that express their activity in the blood abnormally due to a disease process
C)secreted enzymes such as clotting proteins in blood
D)nuclear enzymes
Answer: B
Q2) the tendency of a compound to donate and receive electrons
A)free energy
B)activation energy
C)cellular energy
D)transition state
E)standard reduction potential
Answer: E
Q3) Transcription-level control mechanisms ____.
A)determine the path by which mRNA can be translated into a polypeptide
B)determine whether a particular mRNA is actually translated
C)determine if a particular gene can be transcribed
D)are driven by the interaction of tRNA and mRNA
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: The Digestive System: Mechanism for Nourishing the Body
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which structure helps to prevent the migration of bacteria from the large intestine back into the small intestine?
A)the cecum
B)the appendix
C)the ileocecal valve
D)the ileum
Answer: C
Q2) Which substance is enterohepatically circulated?
A)pancreatic enzymes
B)bile
C)glucose
D)CCK
Answer: B
Q3) Short-chain fatty acids secreted by intestinal bacteria improve colonic and splanchnic blood flow.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 3: Carbohydrates
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Sample Questions
Q1) The poison,sodium cyanide,inhibits the enzyme cytochrome c oxidase.Why is ingestion of this poison usually fatal?
A)It blocks the production of ATP in the cells.
B)It causes cells to rupture.
C)It changes membrane permeability allowing important molecules to leave the cell.
D)It causes changes in the acetyl-coenzyme A molecule.
Answer: A
Q2) Cellulose is a polymer of glucose where the monomers are connected by -linkages. Humans cannot digest this substance because ____.
A)they only produce -amylase
B)they produce insufficient quantities of -amylase
C)cellulose is resistant to the human form of -amylase
D)the -linkages are too strong to be hydrolyzed
Answer: A
Q3) Glucose phosphorylation in the liver is catalyzed by glucokinase.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 4: Fiber
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which type of food does not contain cellulose purified from wood?
A)canned green beans
B)cake mixes
C)sandwich spreads
D)fruit juice mixes
Q2) Which component of the cell wall contributes to the fiber content of foods?
A)waxes
B)cutin
C)bran layer
D)suberin
Q3) Flavonoids that are helpful during perimenopause are ____.
A)flavonols
B)flavones
C)isoflavones
D)anthocyanins
Q4) An individual who consumes large amounts of strawberries and carrots might develop diarrhea.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Discuss the benefits of fermentable fibers in terms of their prebiotic function.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Lipids
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which apolipoprotein is key to the delivery of triacylglycerol to tissues?
A)apoC-2
B)apoA-1
C)apoE
D)apoB-100
Q2) Ketones are produced from ____.
A)cholesterol
B)hormones
C)amino groups
D)acetyl-CoA
Q3) Unlike long-chain fatty acids,short-chain fatty acids from the diet leave the enterocyte via the portal vein and go directly to the liver.
A)True
B)False
Q4) One of the primary functions of a phospholipid is possible because of its structure,which allows it to be both hydrophobic and hydrophilic.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe fat metabolism in the adipose cell following a meal.
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Chapter 6: Protein
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Sample Questions
Q1) A variety of transporters exist on cell membranes to handle all of the different types of amino acids.
A)True
B)False
Q2) hormones
A)chemical messengers secreted by endocrine tissue and transported to target organs where they regulate metabolic processes
B)combine with nutrients and regulate their circulation and their flow into and out of cells
C)bind to antigens and inactivate them or cause them to be destroyed
D)catalysts that change the rate of reactions occurring in the body
E)fibrous and contractile proteins found in bone,teeth,skin,muscles,blood vessels,and hair
Q3) When the body is "insulted," what is one way systems react to protect it?
A)aldosterone and ADH help to retain fluid
B)digestion slows down
C)glycogenolysis decreases
D)muscle proteolysis slows down
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Chapter 7: Integration and Regulation of Metabolism and the Impact of Exercise
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which amino acid is considered purely ketogenic?
A)methionine
B)histidine
C)tryptophan
D)leucine
Q2) Fatty acids with an even number of carbons are degraded exclusively into ____.
A)glucose
B)fructose
C)acetyl-CoA
D)triacylglycerols
Q3) Most regulatory enzymes act in a bidirectional manner.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The metabolic effects of glucagon occur in an effort to allow ATP production in the absence of dietary carbohydrate.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle)is used to produce ATP.It includes several intermediates that enter into anabolic pathways.List three of these intermediates and briefly describe their functions.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Energy Expenditure, Body Composition, and Healthy Weight
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Sample Questions
Q1) Statistically,what percentage of individuals with anorexia nervosa recover completely?
A)about 40-50%
B)about 20-30%
C)about 15-25%
D)about 10-15%
Q2) Receptors for which hormone are located in the hypothalamus,skeletal muscle,liver,and smooth muscle?
A)adiponectin
B)cholecystokinin
C)pancreatic polypeptide
D)GLP-1
Q3) Where is ghrelin produced?
A)white adipose tissue
B)pancreas
C)intestine
D)stomach and duodenum
Q4) The density of body fat is about 0.9g/mL.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Water-Soluble Vitamins
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Sample Questions
Q1) Folate is vitally important for dividing cells during growth and cancer because of its essential role in the synthesis of ____.
A)lipid bilayers
B)mitochondria
C)lysosomes and peroxisomes
D)purines and pyrimidines
Q2) High circulating levels of homocysteine (i.e.,hyperhomocysteinemia)have been implicated in a number of pathologies including cardiovascular disease.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Decarboxylation of pyruvate is achieved by the interaction of pantothenic acid with thiamin,riboflavin,and ____.
A)ascorbic acid
B)vitamin B<sub>12</sub>
C)folate
D)niacin
Q4) Discuss niacin equivalents and how they are calculated based on protein intake.
Q5) Describe the process by which vitamin B<sub>12</sub> is digested and absorbed.
Q6) What is the significance of vitamin C to carnitine and fat metabolism?
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Fat-Soluble Vitamins
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Sample Questions
Q1) Nausea,vomiting,double or blurred vision,headaches,vertigo,and muscle incoordination are some of the symptoms of ____.
A)hypervitaminosis A
B)hypervitaminosis D
C)hypervitaminosis K
D)hypovitaminosis A
Q2) Because -carotene can be converted into retinol,plant sources are referred to as preformed vitamin A.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The overall efficiency of the formation of retinal from beta-carotene is estimated at approximately what percentage?
A)20%
B)35%
C)50%
D)65%
Q4) Describe how vitamin A affects bone growth.
Q5) What is singlet molecular oxygen,how does it form and why is it dangerous? How does vitamin E protect against singlet molecular oxygen?
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Chapter 11: Major Minerals
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Sample Questions
Q1) Magnesium is absorbed in the small intestine through diffusion and ____.
A)carrier-mediated active transport
B)osmosis
C)facilitated diffusion
D)peristalsis
Q2) Vitamin D,fructose,and oligosaccharides may increase magnesium absorption.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Major calcium loss from the body occurs via feces and urine.Which other process is associated with large losses of calcium?
A)hyperventilation
B)extreme sweating
C)letting hair grow very long
D)allowing nails to grow very long
Q4) Explain the rationale for a common treatment of hyperphosphatemia associated with chronic kidney failure.
Q5) How does phosphate regulate acid-base balance?
Q6) Thyroid hormone increases serum calcium concentrations.
A)True
B)False
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Water and Electrolytes
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Sample Questions
Q1) Acid-base balance refers to ____.
A)the ratio of acidic and basic foods consumed each day
B)the concentration of the bicarbonate ion in the red blood cells
C)the control of the hydrogen ion concentration in body fluids
D)homeostasis
Q2) Which of the following is NOT one of the principal regulatory mechanisms for guarding against fluctuation in pH?
A)temperature variation
B)buffer systems
C)respiratory center
D)renal regulation
Q3) Dietary intake of which mineral correlates positively with blood pressure?
A)magnesium
B)calcium
C)potassium
D)sodium
Q4) Stimulation of reabsorption of water in the kidneys is mediated by angiotensin I.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Essential Trace and Ultratrace Minerals
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Sample Questions
Q1) Peroxynitrite is synthesized by activated white blood cells from which radicals?
A)superoxide
B)glutathione
C)nitrogen monoxide
D)iodothyronine
Q2) Which mineral is thought to potentiate the action of insulin?
A)chromium
B)manganese
C)copper
D)cobalt
Q3) manganese
A)superoxide dismutase and brain and CNS function
B)myeloperoxidase and amino acid metabolism
C)carbonic anhydrase and sexual maturation
D)dopamine monooxygenase and synthesis of neurotransmitters
E)glutathione peroxidase and protection from oxidant damage
Q4) Iron regulatory protein (IRE-BP)is activated (i.e.,to bind IREs)by iron.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain the influences of zinc on carbohydrate metabolism,BMR,and taste.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Nonessential Trace and Ultratrace Minerals
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Sample Questions
Q1) Arsenic's toxicity is directly related to its interaction with which part of proteins?
A)amino groups
B)carboxyl groups
C)sulfhydryl groups
D)side chains on amino acids
Q2) A derivative of which element is approved for treatment of promyelocytic leukemia?
A)boron
B)cobalt
C)nickel
D)arsenic
Q3) What is different about cobalt as an ultratrace mineral as compared to the other ultratrace minerals in regard to human nutrition?
Q4) silicon
A)decreased collagen,long bone,and skull abnormalities
B)paired fertility,reduced survival,growth,and development
C)impaired growth and reproduction
D)impaired bone health,cognitive/brain function,and immune response
E)depressed reproduction and growth; impaired hematopoiesis
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