Nutrition and Wellness Exam Review
Course Introduction
This course explores the fundamental concepts of nutrition and their impact on overall wellness. Students will examine the roles of macronutrients and micronutrients, dietary guidelines, and the relationship between diet, health, and disease prevention. Emphasis is placed on analyzing nutritional needs across the lifespan, making informed food choices, and understanding current topics in nutrition science. Through lectures, discussions, and practical activities, students will develop the knowledge and skills necessary to make healthy lifestyle decisions and promote personal and community wellness.
Recommended Textbook
Wardlaws Perspectives in Nutrition 9th Edition by Carol Byrd Bredbenner
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18 Chapters
1579 Verified Questions
1579 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Science of Nutrition
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90 Verified Questions
90 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A vital component of the body,acting as a solvent,lubricant,temperature regulator,and transport medium for waste material,is
A) fat.
B) carbohydrate.
C) protein.
D) water.
Answer: D
Q2) Complex carbohydrates not broken down by digestive processes are A) glycogen.
B) enzymes.
C) fiber.
D) starches.
Answer: C
Q3) Proteins can be described as A) sugars, starches, and fibers.
B) mostly fats and oils.
C) made of building blocks called amino acids.
D) inorganic molecules regulating chemical reactions and comprising part of some body structures.
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: Tools of a Healthy Diet
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Sample Questions
Q1) Food components that must be listed on the Nutrition Facts panel include
A) sugars, dietary fiber, and fluoride.
B) sugars, dietary fiber, and calcium.
C) sugars, dietary fiber, and monounsaturated fat.
D) sugars, calcium, and B-vitamins.
Answer: B
Q2) Labeling laws require that ingredients in food products be listed on the container in descending order of their A) calories.
B) nutrient density.
C) weight.
D) cost.
Answer: C
Q3) Mandatory labeling of foods is regulated by the A) USDHHS.
B) FTC.
C) FDA.
D) GAO.
Answer: C
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Page 4
Chapter 3: The Food Supply
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements about food irradiation is true?
A) Irradiated food is radioactive.
B) Irradiation can be used to destroy pathogens in foods.
C) All foods in the U.S. can be legally irradiated.
D) Labels that identify a food as irradiated are not required.
Answer: B
Q2) Coughing and sneezing on foods,or exposing them to infected cuts or sores allows __________ to contaminate the food.
A) Staphylococcus aureus
B) Vibrio cholerae
C) Clostridium botulinum
D) Hepatitis A
Answer: A
Q3) The parasite ___________ can be spread in water supplies,water parks,and community swimming pools.
A) Hepatitis A
B) Yersinia enterocolitica
C) Toxoplasma gondii
D) Cryptosporidium
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Human Digestion and Absorption
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Sample Questions
Q1) A circular muscle that can open and close and acts to regulate the flow of materials in one direction is referred to as
A) enterohepatic circulation.
B) a sphincter.
C) a pump.
D) peristalsis.
Q2) An example of a prebiotic is
A) a food that contains a naturally occurring antibiotic.
B) cheese, because of its short-chain fatty acid content.
C) any food that contains organic acids and short-chain fatty acids.
D) inulin, a poorly-digested carbohydrate found in foods such as onions, garlic, and asparagus.
Q3) Bile is formed in the ___________ and stored in the ___________.
A) stomach; pancreas
B) duodenum; kidney
C) liver; gallbladder
D) gallbladder; liver
Q4) Outline the interactions between key hormones,enzymes,and nutrient digestion.
Q5) List the major substances absorbed in the stomach,small intestine,and large intestine.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Carbohydrates
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Sample Questions
Q1) According the Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine,consumers should limit their intake of added sugars to ____________ percent of total energy.
A) 0
B) 6
C) 10
D) 25
Q2) Indigestible carbohydrates play a role in enhancing blood glucose control.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Dietary sugars and starches are called "protein sparing," which means
A) sugars and starches can substitute for dietary protein when it comes to body protein synthesis.
B) dietary protein can be used for protein synthesis and other vital processes, rather than being used as a source of energy.
C) sugars and starches are converted to fat, and then converted to glucose for use as blood sugar.
D) sugars and starches are converted by the liver to ketone bodies.
Q4) How does the body maintain normal blood glucose levels?
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Chapter 6: Lipids
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Sample Questions
Q1) Fat digestion begins in the A) intestines.
B) stomach.
C) mouth.
D) liver.
Q2) A fatty acid with 10 carbons will be absorbed via the A) lymphatic system.
B) the portal system.
C) the kidney system.
D) None of the above are correct.
Q3) Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)is associated with A) glucose metabolism.
B) omega-3 fatty acid metabolism.
C) omega-6 fatty acid metabolism.
D) cholesterol metabolism.
Q4) Evaluate the following statement: "Heart disease is more likely due to genetics than diet."
Q5) Compare and contrast the typical American diet to the Mediterranean diet.
Q6) What is the role of bile acids in the digestion of lipids?
Q7) How do antioxidants reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease?
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Chapter 7: Protein
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Sample Questions
Q1) Define the four levels of protein organization.
Q2) Marasmus in infants commonly occurs in poverty-stricken countries. A)True
B)False
Q3) List 2 circumstances in which an individual might be in positive nitrogen balance.
Q4) A growing child who is consuming adequate protein but only 50% of his or her energy needs,will likely be in A) nitrogen equilibrium.
B) positive nitrogen balance.
C) negative nitrogen balance.
Q5) Protein quality is determined by all of the following EXCEPT
A) the food's digestibility.
B) the food's cost.
C) the food's amino acid composition.
D) the food's ability to support body growth .
Q6) Vegetarian diets are often low in dietary fiber. A)True B)False
Q7) List 3 foods that are often allergenic.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Alcohol
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Sample Questions
Q1) The problems of alcohol abuse and alcohol dependency
A) are very infrequent in the United States.
B) affect nearly 1 in 3 Americans over a lifetime.
C) are untreatable problems.
D) affect only those with other serious problems, such as poverty, unemployment, or mental health disorders.
Q2) Binge drinking is associated with vandalism and suicide.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A blood alcohol level of _____ is defined as legal intoxication in the U.S.and Canada.
A) 0.05
B) 0.08
C) 0.10
D) 0.50
Q4) Moderate alcohol consumption is most accurately defined as no more than 7 or 14 drinks per week for women and men,respectively.
A)True B)False
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Chapter 9: Energy Metabolism
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain why individuals with undiagnosed diabetes lose weight.
Q2) Under anaerobic conditions,how many net ATP are synthesized from one glucose molecule?
A) 1 ATP.
B) 2 ATP.
C) 4 ATP.
D) 2 GTP.
E) None of these choices are correct.
Q3) The conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA is irreversible.
A)True
B)False
Q4) When there is excess glucose and amino acids in the liver,and no more ATP needs to be synthesized,these energy-rich nutrients are converted to A) triglycerides.
B) pyruvate.
C) NAD<sup>+</sup>.
D) FAD.
Q5) The kidney is the major organ that regulates metabolism.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Energy Balance,weight Control, Eating Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) To calculate basal energy needs using the equations developed by the Food and Nutrition Board,one needs information about the individual's A) age.
B) weight.
C) height.
D) gender.
E) All of these choices are accurate.
Q2) Compare and contrast anorexia nervosa and bulimia.In what ways are they similar? In what ways are they different?
Q3) Eating disorders not otherwise specified
A) are not really an eating disorder but more of a perception of having one.
B) occur when a person can't decide whether to become an anorexic or bulimic.
C) refers to a broad category that includes symptoms from both anorexia and bulimia.
D) None of the answers are correct.
Q4) Name the three important components of a successful weight-management program.
Q5) Hunger signals change even while we eat.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Nutrition, exercise, and Sports
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Sample Questions
Q1) For every pound of weight lost during an athletic event,________ of water should be consumed during exercise or immediately thereafter.
A) ½ cup
B) 1 cup
C) 2 ½ cups
D) 3 cups
Q2) During exercise,athletes should be consuming massive amounts of water.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In low-intensity exercise,aerobic metabolism of glucose will result in
A) lactic acid.
B) lipogenesis.
C) carbon dioxide and water.
D) glucose, fatty acids, and amino acid skeletons.
Q4) Glycogen is the primary source of glucose for ATP production in muscles during intense activity that lasts for less than 2 minutes.
A)True
B)False
Q5) List 5 symptoms of heatstroke,and explain how it can occur.
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Chapter 12: Fat-Soluble Vitamins
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Sample Questions
Q1) When viewing items at night or in very dim light,light strikes the retina of the eyes
A) and causes the retinal to change from its cis form to its trans form.
B) and splits the rhodopsin into opsin and all-trans-retinal.
C) to trigger an electrical signal along the optic nerve.
D) All of these choices are accurate.
Q2) In the intestinal cells,
A) vitamin A, as retinal, is converted to beta-carotene.
B) carotenes are split by an intestinal enzyme to form vitamin
C) excess vitamin A is carried to the kidney for excretion.
D) All of these choices are correct.
Q3) Vitamin K adds carbon dioxide to glutamic acid to promote A) muscle contraction.
B) blood clotting.
C) glucose homeostasis.
D) red blood cell formation.
Q4) Natural vitamins are usually superior to synthetic vitamins.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Why do some scientists suggest that the DRI and UL for vitamin D be increased?
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Chapter 13: Water-Soluble Vitamins
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Sample Questions
Q1) The form of folate that is best absorbed is the
A) monoglutamate form found in supplements and fortified foods.
B) polyglutamate form found naturally in foods.
C) reduced form found mainly in animal foods.
D) oxidized form found mainly in plant foods.
E) None of these answers, as all forms are absorbed equally well.
Q2) Ingestion of vitamin C during meals can modestly improve absorption of
A) beta-carotene
B) nonheme iron
C) vitamin B-12
D) folate
Q3) Intrinsic factor is produced by the
A) beta-cells of the pancreas.
B) salivary glands.
C) parietal cells of the stomach.
D) enterocytes of the small intestine.
Q4) Large doses of riboflavin are nontoxic.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe the symptoms of thiamin deficiency.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Water and Major Minerals
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following situations is/are life threatening?
A) hypokalemia
B) hyperkalemia
C) hypokalemia and hyperkalemia
D) neither hypokalemia nor hyperkalemia
Q2) The organs that are most likely to be damaged because of hypertension are the
A) liver, pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, and lungs.
B) heart, brain, kidney, and eye.
C) liver, heart, pancreas, and kidney.
D) brain, eye, heart, lungs.
Q3) Which of the following major minerals does NOT have a DRI?
A) sulfur
B) calcium
C) phosphorus
D) magnesium
Q4) Aldosterone increases
A) potassium retention by the kidneys.
B) water excretion by the kidneys.
C) sodium retention by the kidneys.
D) sodium absorption by the intestinal villi.
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Chapter 15: Trace Minerals
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Sample Questions
Q1) Adequate selenium intake may lower risk of prostate,lung,and other cancers.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Fluoridated water typically contains about
A) 1.0 mg/8 ounces.
B) 0.2 mg/8 ounces.
C) 20 mg/8 ounces.
D) 0.5 mg/8 ounces.
Q3) Most of the iron in the body is found as a part of
A) ferritin.
B) albumin.
C) hemosiderin.
D) hemoglobin.
Q4) Athletes commonly believe that the trace mineral ________ helps improve muscle mass and strength despite lack of research evidence.
A) chromium
B) zinc
C) manganese
D) selenium
Q5) List 2 food sources for manganese.
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Nutritional Aspects of Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
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Sample Questions
Q1) For the pregnant woman,the RDA for protein increases by ___ over prepregnancy needs.
A) 10%
B) 15%
C) 20%
D) 50%
Q2) Women who begin pregnancy underweight have an increased risk for
A) low blood pressure.
B) gestational diabetes.
C) ketosis.
D) poor nutrient stores.
Q3) The flavors of some foods in a mother's diet may pass into her breast milk.
A)True
B)False
Q4) To minimize nausea during pregnancy,pregnant women should A) wear strong perfume.
B) drink a large glass of cool water before getting out of bed in the morning.
C) breathe warm, moist air.
D) None of these responses are accurate.
Page 18
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Chapter 17: Nutrition During the Growing Years
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Sample Questions
Q1) Introducing solid foods to an infant's diet before the infant needs them can
A) strain the young infant's organs.
B) help the child sleep through the night.
C) help the child walk at a younger age.
D) help the child achieve optimal height.
Q2) For normal-weight children,reduced-fat milk should be introduced into a child's diet
A) after 5 years of age.
B) after 4 years of age.
C) after 2 years of age.
D) after 6 months of age.
Q3) What is the recommended treatment for childhood obesity?
A) Increase physical activity.
B) Decrease intake of high-fat, high-energy foods.
C) Modify problem behaviors, such as snacking while watching TV.
D) All of these choices are correct.
Q4) Solid foods should be fed to infants only from a spoon.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Why should leftover formula always be discarded?
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Chapter 18: Nutrition Throughout Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Age-related degenerative changes can be minimized,prevented,or reversed by
A) exercising regularly.
B) getting enough sleep.
C) avoiding excessive exposure to sunlight.
D) eating nutritiously.
E) All of these responses are correct.
Q2) A common cause of iron deficiency anemia in adulthood is A) bleeding ulcers.
B) use of aspirin.
C) bleeding hemorrhoids.
D) All of these responses are correct.
Q3) Which is true about herbs?
A) There is little regulation regarding herbal supplements in the U.S.
B) There have been no cases of adverse effects of using herbal supplements.
C) Herbal supplements are more effective than medicines.
D) Herbal supplements are as rigorously tested as medicines in the U.S.
E) All of these responses are true.
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