Nutrition and Wellness
Exam Answer Key
Course Introduction
Nutrition and Wellness explores the fundamental principles of nutrition and their vital role in promoting overall health and well-being. This course examines the science of nutrients, digestion, and metabolism, emphasizing how individual food choices impact energy, disease prevention, and long-term health. Students will analyze dietary guidelines, food labeling, and the relationship between nutrition and chronic conditions such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. The course also focuses on developing practical strategies for adopting healthier lifestyles, understanding the psychological and cultural influences on eating behaviors, and assessing the benefits of physical activity and stress management in achieving holistic wellness.
Recommended Textbook
Human Nutrition Science for Healthy Living 1st Edition by Tammy Stephenson
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Nutrition
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT a major nutrition-related goal of Healthy People 2020?
A)Reduce the proportion of adults who are obese.
B)Increase the contribution of fruits to the diets of the population aged 2 years and older.
C)Increase the contribution of whole grains to the diets of the population aged 2 years and older.
D)Provide opportunities to increase physical activity.
Answer: D
Q2) Eating diets that contain high amounts of certain kinds of fat raise the risk of developing heart disease.Thus,a diet that supplies an excessive amount of such fats is a ____ for heart disease.
A)risk factor
B)dietary modulator
C)nutritional determinant
D)hypothetical variable
Answer: A
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3
Chapter 2: Evaluating Nutrition Information
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is true?
A)The results of one study are usually enough to convince nutrition scientists to adopt new ideas about nutrition-related topics.
B)Dietary recommendations are generally based on the findings of one team of nutrition researchers.
C)It is not unusual for similar studies,especially those involving human subjects,to have different findings.
D)Since 1970,nutrition information has undergone few updates,because scientists have discovered all of the nutrients and determined their functions.
Answer: C
Q2) Pellagra is an infectious disease.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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4
Chapter 3: Basis of a Healthy Diet
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Sample Questions
Q1) A group of 50 adult male humans were in a clinical study to determine how much niacin is toxic.During the first 2 weeks of the study,members of the group consumed only a formula diet that was nutritionally complete,except it contained 24 mg niacin,which is 1.5 times the RDA for niacin (males).At that point in the study,all members reported feeling fine,and they could function normally.During the next week,they were given a formula that contained 48 mg niacin.Within a few days of consuming this formula,90% of the participants reported feeling ill,and they complained of having upset stomachs and reddened facial skin.At that point,researchers gave the subjects a formula that contain 16 mg niacin.After a week of consuming the new formula,all participants reported feeling well again.Based on this information,the researchers concluded that the______
A)human requirement for niacin is 16 mg/day
B)EER for niacin was 16 mg/day
C)UL for niacin was between 24 and 48 mg/day
D)AMDR for niacin is between 16 and 24 mg/day
Answer: C
Q2) Use of medications may increase an individual's nutrient needs.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 4: Human Digestion, Absorption, and Transport
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Sample Questions
Q1) Leonard has a disease that causes his lacteals to become blocked.Based on this information,his _____.
A)intestinal tract does not absorb much fat
B)ability to digest proteins is reduced
C)lumen does not allow chyme to enter the small intestine
D)hepatic portal vein can rupture
Q2) Dorothy is an 85-year-old woman who is having difficulty swallowing.Food seems to enter her stomach too slowly.Based on this information,Dorothy probably has a(n)_____.
A)excessive amount of secretory activity within her digestive tract
B)condition characterized by loss of peristaltic functioning
C)overgrowth of probiotics in her stomach
D)blockage caused by undigested fiber deposits in her jejunum
Q3) Which of the following statements is true?
Rev: 06_05_2015_QC_CS-17181
A)Foods that taste bitter are generally good energy sources because of their high carbohydrate contents.
B)Segmentation enables chyme to move through the esophagus.
C)The gallbladder makes bile and stores the compound in the liver.
D)Older adults generally have fewer taste buds than children.
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Chapter 5: Carbohydrates: Sugars, Starches, and Fiber
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Sample Questions
Q1) When muscle cells have more glucose than they need for energy,they may store some of the excess as _______.
A)fiber
B)certain B vitamins
C)ketone bodies
D)glycogen
Q2) Adrian's diet supplies only about 10% of his daily energy needs from carbohydrates.Therefore,most of his energy intake is provided by proteins and fats.As a result of following this diet,Adrian's cells form more _____ than normal.
A)connective tissue
B)antioxidants
C)ketone bodies
D)glycogen
Q3) Insulin _______.
A)helps glucose enter cells
B)is released during fasting periods,such as between meals
C)increases blood glucose levels after meals
D)stimulates cells to break down glycogen for energy
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Chapter 6: The Lipids: Triglycerides, phospholipids, and Sterols
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____ acid is an omega-3 fatty acid.
A)Lauric
B)Docosahexaenoic
C)Stearic
D)Linoleic
Q2) Owen usually consumes about 3000 kcal/day.On average,his fat intake is approximately 80 g/day.Based on this information,which of the following statements describes Owen's diet?
A)Owen's fat intake is too high.
B)Owen's fat intake meets the RDA for lipids.
C)Owen's fat intake is within the AMDR.
D)Owen's fat intake is not high enough to support good health.
Q3) Choline is used by nerve cells to form the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following foods contains cholesterol?
A)Green beans
B)Roast pork
C)Ripe banana
D)White potato
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Chapter 7: Proteins: Amino Acids
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following foods is a high-protein snack that can replace a snack that contains animal protein?
A)Slice of American cheese
B)Vegetable salad with greens and baby carrots
C)Peanut butter on crackers
D)½ cup of apple and watermelon chunks
Q2) Consuming a high-protein diet may lead to high urine urea nitrogen.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Jacob is a healthy,active 14-year-old boy.Recently,he began to experience a growth spurt.Based on this information,his body is in ____ nitrogen balance.
A)positive
B)negative
C)activated
D)inverted
Q4) High-protein diets are associated with high urinary losses of calcium.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Metabolism
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ketoacidosis is a condition that occurs when the blood's pH drops due to ________________.(Check all that apply)
____excess of acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate
____uncontrolled blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes mellitus
____excessive fat catabolism
_____absence of ketogenesis
Q2) ________ is a component of the coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.
A)Thiamin
B)Niacin
C)Riboflavin
D)Vitamin B-6
Q3) Which of the following compounds can be used for energy? (Check all that apply. )
Q4) Consuming excessive amounts of carbohydrates can lead to increased accumulation of body fat.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Which of the following compounds can human cells metabolize for energy? (Check all that apply. )
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Chapter 9: Vitamin Overview and Fat-Soluble Vitamins
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Sample Questions
Q1) Vitamins A,D,E,and K all have hydrocarbon chains that make them soluble in fats.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following cooking methods can result in major losses of water-soluble vitamins?
A)Stir-frying in a small amount of oil
B)Boiling in a saucepan of water
C)Steaming in a vegetable steamer
D)Microwaving in little or no water
Q3) ____________ is a condition associated with vitamin D deficiency in adults that is characterized by softening of the bones.
A)Rickets
B)Osteoporosis
C)Osteomalacia
D)Melanin
Q4) _____ are water-soluble vitamins.
A)Vitamins K,D,and E
B)Vitamins B-12,B-6,and E
C)Pantothenic acid,vitamin A,and choline
D)Niacin,riboflavin,and thiamin
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Chapter 10: Water-Soluble Vitamins
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Sample Questions
Q1) Folate metabolism is dependent on vitamin B-12.
A)True
B)False
Q2) _____ results from lack of intrinsic factor.
A)Pellagra
B)Cystic fibrosis
C)Osteomalacia
D)Pernicious anemia
Q3) Jamal wants to lower his risk of cancer.He should _____.
A)reduce his coffee intake
B)reduce his fiber intake
C)drink less water
D)avoid drinking alcohol
Q4) Which vitamin is needed to make coenzyme A?
A)Vitamin B-6
B)Vitamin A
C)Pantothenic acid
D)Biotin
Q5) Which of the following foods are rich sources of pantothenic acid? (Check all that apply. )
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Chapter 11: Water and Major Minerals
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Sample Questions
Q1) All of the following minerals play a role in bone health EXCEPT ____________.
A)zinc
B)sodium
C)magnesium
D)iron
Q2) Iron is the only mineral added to processed grain products during enrichment.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following groups of people has the highest risk of magnesium deficiency?
A)Teenage boys
B)Vegetarians
C)Alcoholic men
D)Female athletes
Q4) Potassium is involved in all of the following body functions EXCEPT ____________.
A)contraction and relaxation of muscles
B)transmission of nerve impulses
C)cellular metabolism
D)fluid balance
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Chapter 12: Trace Minerals
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Sample Questions
Q1) Christine loves to eat Brazil nuts and canned oysters.These food items are rich sources of _____.
A)vitamin C
B)magnesium
C)selenium
D)folate
Q2) Which of the following minerals enhances insulin action?
A)Selenium
B)Chromium
C)Fluoride
D)Aluminum
Q3) Which of the following minerals is associated with a reduced risk of dental caries?
A)Arsenic
B)Fluoride
C)Selenium
D)Iodine
Q4) Chromium deficiency can lead to impaired glucose tolerance.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Obesity, energy Balance, and Weight Management
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Sample Questions
Q1) Chester's BMI is 35.3.According to his food records,he consumes an average of 3600 kcal/day.He would like to lose 10 pounds in 1 year by reducing his daily caloric intake.Based on this information,Chester should consume _____ kcal/day.
A)3400
B)3000
C)1100
D)2600
Q2) The _____ gland produces the primary hormone that controls the metabolic rate.
A)salivary
B)adrenal
C)hypothalamus
D)thyroid
Q3) Which of the following persons is in a state of negative energy balance?
A)A 23-year-old man who lifts weights every other day and has a BMI of 24
B)A 29-year old woman who has maintained her weight for 6 months
C)A 5-year-old girl who is healthy and physically active
D)A 22-year-old man who consumes 1900 kcal/day and is losing weight
Q4) Gastric bypass surgery can increase a person's risk of osteoporosis.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Eating Disorders and Disordered Eating
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Sample Questions
Q1) Unlike people with bulimia nervosa,people with binge-eating disorder can be normal weight,overweight,or obese.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Risk factors for eating disorders include _____.
A)having a history of frequent attempts to lose weight
B)pursuing a college degree
C)training to become a master chef
D)being a physically active adolescent male
Q3) Andrea,a 22-year old college student,has been rushed to the hospital after collapsing at the gym.After performing some clinical tests,the doctor determines Andrea's BMI is 16.8;she is dehydrated;and she has very low bone mineral density.Based on this information,Andrea probably has ____.
A)binge-eating disorder
B)menarche
C)muscle dysmorphia
D)anorexia nervosa
Q4) Both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa lead to electrolyte imbalances.
A)True
B)False
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Nutrition for Fitness and Sport
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Sample Questions
Q1) Juliana is a resistance athlete who weighs 175 lb.According to the joint recommendations of an expert group that included the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics,her minimal intake of protein should be approximately _____ g daily.
A)130
B)46
C)96
D)210
Q2) Matthew is a healthy 35-year-old man.According to guidelines promoted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,he should perform _____ minutes of vigorous-intensity physical activity each week.
A)200
B)75
C)100
D)150
Q3) Low blood levels of vitamin D may lead to reduced reaction time,poor balance,and an increased risk of falling.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: Pregnancy and Lactation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Pregnant women are advised to drink _____.
A)no more than 2 cups of coffee per day
B)no more than 3 cups of coffee per day
C)no more than 1.5 cups of coffee per day
D)no coffee,during the first trimester
Q2) During her 7th month of pregnancy,Sari developed a life-threatening complication of pregnancy that is characterized by hypertension and convulsions.Based on this information,Sari developed _____.
A)endocarditis
B)eclampsia
C)endometriosis
D)echolalia
Q3) _____ is a common condition that occurs in healthy pregnant women.
A)Gestational diabetes
B)Gestational hypertension
C)Physiological anemia
D)Pre-eclampsia
Q4) The placenta prevents arsenic from entering the embryo/fetus.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: Infants, Children, and Adolescents
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT an environmental factor associated with childhood obesity?
A)Inheriting genes that "program" for obesity
B)Excess exposure to video games
C)Empty calorie snacks available in after-school programs
D)Lack of opportunities to be physically active daily
Q2) Body length increases by ____________ inches per year in preschool-age children.
A)2.5-3
B)3-5
C)1-2.5
D)about 4
Q3) Infants _____ have a high risk of obesity.
A)who obtain regular physical activity
B)with birth weights between 6.0 and 8.0 pounds
C)that are given vitamin C supplements
D)whose mothers are obese
Q4) Infants fed infant formula are more likely than breastfed infants to develop iron deficiency between 6 and 12 months of age.
A)True
B)False
19
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Chapter 18: Nutrition for Older Adults
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most older adults can tolerate taking several prescribed and over-the-counter medications without experiencing negative health effects.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Elizabeth is 90 years of age.Compared to when she was 30 years of age,her _____ now.
A)stomach secretes more intrinsic factor
B)cells require more energy
C)skin is more elastic
D)arteries are less flexible
Q3) Reduced _____ is a normal physiological change associated with aging.
A)bruising
B)vulnerability to cancer
C)heartburn
D)thirst sensation
Q4) Zinc deficiency is one of the most common causes of taste disorders among older adults.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 19: Food and Water Safety
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Sample Questions
Q1) Potentially hazardous foods are warm,moist,and protein-rich,and they have a neutral or slightly acidic pH.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The _____ prohibits food manufacturers from adding a new compound to food that causes cancer.
A)Pure Food and Drug Act
B)First Amendment of the U.S.Constitution
C)Delaney Clause of the Food Additives Amendment
D)Cancer Prevention Act
Q3) The safety standards established for bottled water are more stringent than the safety standards established for tap water.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A food-borne illness is a sickness caused by pathogens or their toxins in food.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 20: Global Nutrition
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following factors does not contribute to undernutrition?
A)Diseases
B)Genetic predisposition
C)War
D)Lack of sanitary conditions
Q2) Cretinism is due to maternal _____.
A)iodine deficiency
B)copper toxicity
C)zinc deficiency
D)iron toxicity
Q3) The United States government provides food assistance programs to any family regardless of their size or income.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Unlike sustainable agriculture,conventional agriculture requires a lot of pesticides and water,increases global warming,and has more damages and impact on the environment and ecosystems.
A)True
B)False
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