Nutrition and Health Exam Bank
Course Introduction
This course explores the fundamental relationship between nutrition and human health, emphasizing the role of nutrients, dietary patterns, and food choices in promoting well-being and preventing disease. Students will examine the physiological processes of digestion and metabolism, analyze current dietary guidelines, and evaluate the impact of nutrition on physical, mental, and social health across the lifespan. The course also addresses contemporary issues such as obesity, malnutrition, chronic diseases, and the influence of cultural, economic, and environmental factors on nutrition and health.
Recommended Textbook
Nutrition Science and Applications 4th Edition 4th Edition by Lori A. Smolin
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23 Chapters
1441 Verified Questions 1441 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Nutrition: Food for Health
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54 Verified Questions
54 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The correct sequence of events in the scientific method is:
A)conduct the experiment,develop a hypothesis,form a theory,and make an observation.
B)develop a hypothesis,conduct the experiment,make an observation,and form a theory.
C)form a theory,conduct the experiment,develop a hypothesis,and make an observation.
D)make an observation,develop a hypothesis,conduct the experiment,and form a theory.
Answer: D
Q2) What is true regarding the differences between a hypothesis and a theory?
A)A hypothesis is an educated guess and a theory is based on scientific study and reasoning.
B)Hypotheses are not tested; theories are tested.
C)Theories are the foundations of hypotheses.
D)A hypothesis is tested using quantifiable data; theories are tested using subjective data.
Answer: A
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3
Chapter 2: Nutrition Guidelines: Applying the Science of Nutrition
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65 Verified Questions
65 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) ____________ are used when not enough information is available to establish an EAR for a particular nutrient.
A)AIs
B)DRIs
C)RDAs
D)ULs
Answer: A
Q2) The nutritional analysis of a diet that follows The MyPlate recommendations would most closely resemble which DRI group?
A)EARs
B)RDAs
C)AIs
D)ULs
Answer: B
Q3) Which is typically not found on a Nutrition Facts label?
A)Calories from fat
B)Calories per serving as compared to comparable products
C)Percent daily values for key nutrients
D)Serving size
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Digestion, Absorption, and Metabolism
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71 Verified Questions
71 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The urinary and respiratory systems help the body to remove:
A)unabsorbed food residue.
B)metabolic waste products.
C)excess calories.
D)All of these choices are correct.
Answer: B
Q2) The absorption of nutrients by simple diffusion requires:
A)a carrier molecule.
B)energy.
C)a concentration gradient.
D)All of these choices are correct
Answer: C
Q3) _________ are units of matter that cannot be further broken down by chemical means.
A)Organic compounds
B)Cells
C)Atoms
D)Solvents
Answer: C
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Carbohydrates: Sugars, Starches, and Fiber
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58 Verified Questions
58 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Aspartame:
A)is an artificial sweetener.
B)consists of two amino acids linked together.
C)is often found in soft drinks.
D)All of these choices are correct.
Q2) The organ(s)which supplies enzymes required for starch digestion include(s)the:
A)stomach.
B)gallbladder.
C)pancreas.
D)All of these choices are correct.
Q3) Discuss,compare,and contrast starch and cellulose.
Q4) Which of the following is true of colon cancer?
A)High fiber and whole grain intake may reduce the risk.
B)Changes in DNA underlie the development of colonic tumors.
C)Environmental carcinogens are thought to cause many cancers.
D)All of these statements are true.
Q5) Explain the phrase "carbohydrates spare body protein."
Q6) What would be the most efficient treatment for a diabetic experiencing low blood sugar levels?
Q7) What are dietary approaches to treat constipation?
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Chapter 5: Lipids: Triglycerides, Phospholipids, and Cholesterol
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76 Verified Questions
76 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is hydrogenation and why do food manufacturers use hydrogenated fats in food production?
Q2) Explain the steps of lipid digestion.
Q3) Which of the following profiles is associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis?
A)Total blood cholesterol in adults below 120 mg/100 mL of blood
B)HDL cholesterol below 40 mg/100 mL of blood
C)LDL levels between 120 and 129 mg/100 mL of blood
D)All of these are associated with increased atherosclerosis risk.
Q4) Most fatty acids in food and in the body are bound to a molecule called:
A)cholesterol.
B)phospholipids.
C)lecithin.
D)glycerol.
Q5) Which statement is true about hamburger that is labeled 80% lean?
A)80% of the kcalories are from protein and 20% are from fat
B)This is the leanest ground beef that can be purchased.
C)20% of the weight of the meat is fat
D)80% of the kcalories are from fat
Q6) How do the structures of unsaturated and saturated fatty acids differ? Page 7
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Page 8
Chapter 6: Proteins and Amino Acids
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63 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The AMDR for protein intake is _______% of energy intake.
A)20-35
B)45-65
C)30-45
D)10-35
Q2) Protein denaturation can:
A)alter the three-dimensional shape of a protein.
B)decrease the nutritional value of a protein.
C)alter the sequence of amino acids in a protein.
D)break the peptide bonds holding a protein together.
Q3) Heating a protein causes:
A)transamination.
B)deamination.
C)denaturation.
D)all of these.
Q4) Food allergies can result when a protein in the diet:
A)is not absorbed and is eliminated in the feces.
B)is filtered out of the blood and into the urine.
C)is absorbed without being completely digested.
D)provides amino acids that are not normally found in the human body.
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Chapter 7: Energy Balance and Weight Management
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68 Verified Questions
68 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Obesity increases the risk of some cancers because:
A)the high fat foods typically consumed have abundant cancer-promoting substances.
B)adipose tissue produces hormones which promote cell proliferation.
C)high blood triglycerides commonly seen in obesity damage DNA in cells lining the major blood vessels.
D)obese individuals tend to be sedentary.
Q2) Which nutrient(s),when consumed in excess of energy needs,is/are preferentially used to produce body adipose tissue?
A)Carbohydrates
B)Proteins
C)Fats
D)Individual amino acids
Q3) Indirect calorimetry measures ________and _______ to estimate energy expenditure.
A)food consumed,heat produced
B)food consumed,water excreted
C)oxygen consumed,carbon dioxide expired
D)oxygen consumed,sweat produced
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Chapter 8: The Water-Soluble Vitamins
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61 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which disease is caused by niacin deficiency?
A)Beriberi
B)Scurvy
C)Pellagra
D)None of the above
Q2) Which statement concerning vitamins is incorrect?
A)Vitamins are organic compounds.
B)If a vitamin is not provided by the diet,the body will synthesize it.
C)The vitamin content of a food may be affected by cooking and processing.
D)Vitamins are essential for growth,reproduction and health.
Q3) Another name for vitamin B is:
A)pantothenic acid.
B)biotin.
C)pyruvate.
D)pyridoxine.
Q4) Folate deficiency symptoms are less of a problem recently because:
A)grain products are now fortified with folate.
B)green tea is more popular.
C)more people are drinking low-fat milk.
D)taking vitamin supplements is more common.
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Chapter 9: The Fat-Soluble Vitamins
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65 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Vitamin A may be lacking in diets of people in North America because:
A)vitamin A rich foods are in scarce supply.
B)people choose diets which contain low amounts of vitamin A.
C)vitamin A is found in summer fruits,and is not available during the winter.
D)information about vitamin A in foods is not available to consumers.
Q2) Which form of vitamin A is involved in vision?
A)Beta-carotene
B)Lycopene
C)Retinal
D)Retinoic acid
Q3) Since vitamin A and carotenoids are bound to proteins in foods,___________ is necessary to release them for absorption.
A)pepsin
B)bile
C)amylase
D)lactase
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Chapter 10: Water and the Electrolytes
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56 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Water is polar because:
A)it is an ion.
B)the electrons are equally shared among the O and H atoms.
C)the electrons spend more time around the O atom than the H atoms.
D)the electrons spend more time around the H atoms than the O atom.
Q2) Which of the following acts to increase blood pressure?
A)Angiotensin II
B)Calcitonin
C)Estrogen
D)Parathyroid hormone
Q3) Nerve conduction and muscle contraction depend on which minerals?
A)Chloride & potassium
B)Phosphorous & calcium
C)Sodium & fluoride
D)Sodium & potassium
Q4) Which of the following is LEAST likely to result in an increased need for water?
A)High potassium intake
B)A low-calorie diet
C)Consuming many high protein foods
D)Lactation
13
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Chapter 11: Major Minerals and Bone Health
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81 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) How does gender affect bone mass at different stages of the life cycle?
Q2) Good sources of magnesium include all of the following EXCEPT:
A)leafy green vegetables.
B)processed foods.
C)nuts.
D)whole grains.
Q3) Which is the least plentiful source of calcium?
A)Carrots
B)Eggs
C)Sardines
D)Yogurt
Q4) Which of the following compounds has NOT been found to interfere with mineral absorption?
A)Ascorbic acid
B)Oxalates
C)Phytates
D)Tannins
Q5) How do parathyroid hormone and calcitonin maintain blood calcium levels?
Q6) What functions does phosphorus have in the body?
Q7) How do phytates,tannins and oxalates affect the absorption of minerals?
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Chapter 12: The Trace Minerals
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83 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) How can a person increase their intake of dietary iron?
Q2) What are the best food sources of zinc?
Q3) The richest source(s)of copper in the diet is (are):
A)organ meats such as liver and kidney.
B)brewer's yeast.
C)avocados.
D)chicken and turkey.
Q4) Of the following,_______ is (are)the best source of zinc.
A)apples
B)refined grains
C)chocolate
D)red meat
Q5) Which statement about zinc toxicity is FALSE?
A)It can lower HDL cholesterol.
B)It may occur from food and beverage contamination by galvanized containers.
C)Zinc toxicity interferes with the function of iron in superoxide dismutase.
D)It can decrease immune function.
Q6) What role does chromium play in the body?
Q7) For which population groups is iron deficiency most likely? Why?
Q8) How is iron transported in the blood?
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Chapter 13: Nutrition and Physical Activity
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79 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements about aerobic capacity is FALSE?
A)It relates to ATP generation by aerobic metabolism during exercise.
B)It is dependent on the ability of the cardiorespiratory system to deliver oxygen to cells.
C)Aerobic capacity is dependent on the ability of cells to use oxygen to produce energy.
D)The smaller a person's aerobic capacity,the more intense the activity that can be performed before lack of oxygen affects performance.
Q2) What types of athletes may benefit from slightly increased intake of protein?
Q3) Regarding weight loss in athletes,which is the LEAST accurate?
A)Weight loss of no more than 2 pounds a week is recommended.
B)Losing weight during the "off" season is usually better than losing weight while training and competing.
C)Fluid can be safely restricted if energy is also restricted when rapid weight loss is desired.
D)Severe calorie restriction in young female athletes can delay sexual maturation
Q4) How does exercise intensity affect the source of fuel used by the body?
Q5) What risks are associated with high intakes of amino acid supplements?
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Page 16
Chapter 14: Nutrition During Pregnancy and Lactation
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76 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The term which describes the inability of a child's growth to keep up with normal growth curves is:
A)let-down.
B)failure to thrive.
C)small-for-gestational age.
D)delay syndrome
Q2) The cell produced by the union of sperm and ovum during fertilization is called a(n):
A)embryo.
B)fetus.
C)zygote.
D)trophoblast.
Q3) How much should a baby boy weigh at 15 months of age if they are at the 50 percentile of growth as established by the CDC?
Q4) The risk of having a baby born with Down syndrome is most closely associated with:
A)alcohol consumption during pregnancy.
B)impaired folate status.
C)maternal age at time of conception.
D)inadequate (low)weight gain during pregnancy.
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Chapter 15: Nutrition From Infancy to Adolescence
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70 Verified Questions
70 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the growth patterns during infancy,childhood and adolescence for both males and females.
Q2) Issues faced by obese children include all of the following EXCEPT:
A)shorter terminal height.
B)diabetes.
C)discrimination.
D)hypertension.
Q3) ___________________ should not be served to children less than a year old because it/they may contain spores of Clostridium botulinum?
A)Eggs
B)Fresh fruits such as cherries and apricots
C)Whole cow's milk
D)Honey
Q4) Iron requirements increase during adolescence because of the:
A)expansion of blood volume and increase in muscle mass.
B)increases in length and mass of major bones in the legs and arms.
C)development of the immune system.
D)decreased ability to store iron.
Q5) Differentiate between a food intolerance and a food allergy.
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Chapter 16: Nutrition and Aging: The Adult Years
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which disease or debilitating condition occurring in the elderly is LEAST likely to be related to nutrition?
A)Dementia
B)Diabetes
C)Heart disease
D)Osteoporosis
Q2) Compare the nutritional needs of older adults with younger adults and identify those nutrients that may need to be supplemented in the diets of older adults.
Q3) How is compression of morbidity affected by lifestyle choices?
Q4) A decrease in the hormone melatonin is most likely to result in:
A)a decline in the sense of taste.
B)decreased appetite.
C)disrupted sleep patterns.
D)hair loss.
Q5) The maximum age to which a human can live is defined as:
A)life expectancy.
B)life span.
C)life tendency.
D)compression of morbidity.
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Chapter 17: Food Safety
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following organisms invades the stomach and intestinal tract,and can be acquired from eating raw fish?
A)Giardia lamblia
B)Cryptosporidium parvum
C)Trichinella spiralis
D)Anisakis simplex
Q2) Fresh pasta is packaged in a sealed container and sold in the refrigerated section of the grocery store.There is a "sell by" date on the container and the directions indicate that the product should be kept refrigerated until used.How is the pasta probably preserved?
A)Aseptic packaging
B)Fermentive consolidation
C)Irradiation
D)Modified atmosphere packaging
Q3) A "use by" date indicates:
A)the last day that a product can be safely consumed.
B)the last day the product is likely to be at peak flavor,freshness and texture.
C)the last day that a store can sell a product.
D)the date by which significant deterioration has already occurred.
Q4) What areas of food safety does the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)oversee?
Page 20
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Chapter 18: World Hunger and Malnutrition
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Sample Questions
Q1) Deficiency of which nutrient is NOT a world health problem?
A)Iodine
B)Iron
C)Sodium
D)Vitamin A
Q2) Which country has the higher infant mortality rate?
A)El Salvador
B)Cuba
C)Sierra Leone
D)India
Q3) Nutritional deficiencies are recognized as a deterrent to world health.Identify several nutrients that are in short supply globally that contribute to poor health outcomes? Why is it so important to work to eliminate poverty as a long-term goal for the prevention of hunger?
Q4) Identify three population groups in the U.S.which are most affected by hunger.
Q5) What is the difference between subsistence crops and cash crops?
Q6) How are overpopulation and under-nutrition related?
Q7) Why are there two major types of malnutrition? What occurs when a population is undergoing "nutrition transition"?
Page 21
Q8) What causes stunting?
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Chapter 19: Focus on Alcohol
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Sample Questions
Q1) Peak blood concentrations of alcohol are achieved _____ after ingestion.
A)15 minutes
B)30 minutes
C)1 hour
D)1 1/2 hours
Q2) Joe's uncle Mike has been a heavy drinker for years.He has just been diagnosed with cirrhosis of the liver.Describe the damage that has occurred to Uncle Mike's liver and how it worsened over the years to become cirrhosis.
Q3) Moderate drinking is ___ drink(s)a day for women.
A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
Q4) What are the effects of moderate alcohol intake on the risk of heart disease?
Q5) The metabolism of alcohol by ADH results in all of the following except A)the production of acetyl CoA.
B)a build up of NADH.
C)the speeding up of the citric acid cycle.
D)The synthesis of fatty acids and their accumulation in the liver.
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Chapter 20: Focus on Eating Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements about binge eating disorder is untrue?
A)It is more common in men than bulimia nervosa or anorexia.
B)It is more common in the overweight.
C)It is not associated with compensatory behaviors.
D)Binging must occur daily to fit the definition.
Q2) Which statement about men and eating disorders is untrue?
A)One reason men have a lower incidence of eating disorders than women is the pressure for men to be thin is less intense.
B)Men begin to "feel fat" at a lower BMI than women.
C)Men are more at risk if they were very thin as children.
D)Advertisements aimed at men set an ideal body standard that is impossible for most young men to achieve.
Q3) Which statement about Bulimia nervosa is untrue?
A)It involves binge eating where large amounts of high Kcalorie foods are consumed
B)The individual purges to get rid of excess Kcalories.
C)The individual gets a feeling of elation and power after a food binge.
D)This disorder is often characterized by feelings of guilt and depression.
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Page 23
Chapter 21: Focus on Phytochemicals
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Sample Questions
Q1) The action of carotenoids is best described as:
A)carcinogen
B)anti-oxidant
C)decreasing cholesterol absorption
D)decreasing blood sugar
Q2) Including flaxseed in the diets of laying hens
A)increases omega-3 fats in the eggs.
B)provides an egg that is low in cholesterol.
C)increases the indoles in the eggs.
D)increases the flavonoids in the eggs.
Q3) Which statement about phytoestrogens is incorrect?
A)Phytoestrogens are modified by bacteria in the mouth.
B)Phytoestrogens are found in flaxseed,soybeans and barley.
C)Phytoestrogens may protect against some types of cancer..
D)Phytoestrogens may protect against osteoporosis.
Q4) Phytoestrogens include
A)isoflavones and alliums
B)indoles and lignins.
C)alliums and indoles.
D)isoflavones and indoles.
Page 24
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Chapter 22: Focus on Nonvitaminnonmineral Supplements
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement about the regulation of dietary supplements is true?
A)These products require FDA review,just like drugs.
B)The FDA has the right to remove supplements from the market if there is a suspicion that it might not be safe.
C)Supplements containing ingredients not sold in the US before October 15,1994 must provide the FDA with safety data.
D)Since supplements are natural,they are safe for humans.
Q2) The dietary supplement labels contain all of the following except:
A)the recommended serving size
B)the name and quantity of each ingredient
C)the Daily Value for those ingredients that have one
D)the safety guarantee
Q3) Which of the following statements about melatonin is untrue?
A)It is broken down in the gut before it can reach its target.
B)Melatonin is made from the amino acid tryptophan.
C)Melatonin influences sleep cycles in humans.
D)Melatonin is a hormone.
Q4) Why do phytochemical supplements not provide all the health benefits of phytochemical containing foods?
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Chapter 23: Focus on Biotechnology
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Sample Questions
Q1) The following statements about selective breeding and genetic modification are true except
A)both are intended to improve traits.
B)both may result in food that is more nutritious.
C)both are limited to whether two organisms are capable of cross-breeding.
D)both may result in plants that can resist disease.
Q2) Soybeans have been modified to contain ________ to help reduce the risk of heart disease.
A)less cholesterol
B)more folate
C)more monounsaturated fats
D)more polyunsaturated fats
Q3) A set of techniques used to manipulate DNA for the purpose of changing the characteristics of an organism is
A)cloning.
B)biotechnology.
C)nuclear transfer.
D)Gene doping.
Q4) How can vitamin A deficiency be reduced through genetic engineering of staple foods like rice?
Page 26
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