Nursing Theory and Professional Practice
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Course Introduction
This course explores foundational and contemporary nursing theories that shape the discipline and practice of nursing. Students will examine major theoretical frameworks, their application in various healthcare settings, and their influence on patient care, decision-making, and the advancement of the nursing profession. Emphasis is placed on the development of professional identity, ethical practice, critical thinking, and the integration of evidence-based care. Through case studies and reflective learning, students will analyze the role of theory in guiding practice and professional behavior within diverse healthcare environments.
Recommended Textbook
Ethics and Issues in Contemporary Nursing 2nd Canadian Edition by Margaret A. Burkhardt
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19 Chapters
286 Verified Questions
286 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Social, Philosophical, and Other Historical Forces
Influencing the Development of Nursing
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16 Verified Questions
16 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) After the First and Second World Wars, the Canadian Red Cross Society and nursing groups noted an important trend in health care that is still articulated in the Lalonde and Romanow report. What is that trend?
A) the formation of nursing groups such as the CNA and professional organizations
B) the political and economic action taken to correct the wrongs suffered by the military
C) the establishment of governments' social and political responsibility in health care
D) the need for strong, well-established public health programs, health education, immunization, hygiene, and care of those living in poverty
Answer: D
Q2) For which of the following is empathy a motive?
A) meeting the needs of others
B) moral reasoning and action
C) becoming a nurse
D) determining right from wrong
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Ethical Theory
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16 Verified Questions
16 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the Kantian maxim requiring that one treat others always as ends and never as a means?
A) the categorical imperative
B) the practical imperative
C) deontology
D) utilitarianism
Answer: B
Q2) Which concept was first noted in the writings of Socrates?
A) virtue ethics
B) utilitarianism
C) deontology
D) rationalism
Answer: A
Q3) What focal virtue is best exemplified by soundness, reliability, and wholeness of moral character?
A) discernment
B) conscientiousness
C) trustworthiness
D) integrity
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: Ethical Principles
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which ethical principle requires nurses to uphold the profession's code of ethics, to practise within the established scope of practice, and to remain competent?
A) beneficence
B) autonomy
C) fidelity
D) non-maleficence
Answer: C
Q2) Which ethical principle implies that others are worthy of high regard?
A) beneficence
B) respect for autonomy
C) respect for persons
D) distributive justice
Answer: C
Q3) What does the principle of beneficence require the nurse to do?
A) to separate personal from professional life
B) to prevent harm or evil and do good
C) to make moral decisions that are motivated by what will benefit the patient
D) to morally regulate the conduct of others
Answer: B
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Values Clarification
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What should nurses be aware of when working with patients regarding health care decisions?
A) personal and patient values
B) moral development and perceptions
C) conflicting values and priorities
D) institutional values and influence
Q2) What is the correct terminology for the process of becoming more conscious of and expressing what we value or consider worthy?
A) journalling
B) values clarification
C) overt values
D) values conflict
Q3) A nurse used to love her job but now frequently exhibits anger, dissatisfaction, frustration, and poor work performance. What may she be experiencing?
A) moral awareness
B) moral thought
C) moral distress
D) moral values
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6
Chapter 5: Values Development
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14 Verified Questions
14 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Kohlberg and Gilligan, which of the following is the final stage in an adult's values development?
A) universal consideration
B) renewed perspective
C) perceived authority
D) general consensus
Q2) What are the key factors associated with Kohlberg's theory of moral development?
A) relationships and logic
B) responsibility and caring
C) personal liberty and rights
D) reciprocity and equality
Q3) What are two of the stages at the post-conventional level in Kohlberg's theory of moral development?
A) prior rights and social contract
B) individual instrumental purpose and exchange
C) punishment and obedience
D) universal moral principles
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Chapter 6: Ethical Decision Making
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A couple are pregnant with their second child and, during a routine ultrasound, the physician discovers that the fetus is anencephalic. The life expectancy of an anencephalic baby is only a few weeks after birth. The couple struggle with the choice of whether to terminate the pregnancy at this time or to carry to term. The couple decide to terminate the pregnancy. What stage of the ethical decision making process is this?
A) determining desired outcomes
B) evaluating outcomes of action
C) identifying options
D) acting on the choice
Q2) Michael, an ICU nurse, worked with the team as they followed the physician's order to discontinue life support on a patient diagnosed with persistent vegetative state. Michael believes that life is sacred and that he has a duty to do whatever it takes to preserve life. Nevertheless, he remained silent as the decision was made, and he assisted his coworkers when they unplugged the respirator. In this situation, what is Michael likely to experience?
A) moral uncertainty
B) moral distress
C) moral outrage
D) moral perplexity
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Legal Issues
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26 Verified Questions
26 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In Canada, what federal privacy law imposes obligations on how federal government departments collect, manage, use, and share personal information?
A) the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act
B) the Health Information Act
C) the Privacy Act
D) the Health Information Protection Act
Q2) Which of the following terms is best defined as "acting in a heinous, reckless, or extreme way, and bringing about mental or psychological pain"?
A) defamation of character
B) intentional infliction of emotional distress
C) invasion of privacy
D) false imprisonment
Q3) In a jurisdiction where there is no specific legislation regarding consent, what elements are usually noted when defining a valid consent?
A) There must be urgency in the decision-making process.
B) There must be efficiency in the decision-making process.
C) The patient must have capacity to consent.
D) The patient must articulate a moral agency.
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9
Chapter 8: Professional Issues
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which documents, developed within the profession as a guide for providing nursing care, can also be used as a consistent baseline to measure the practice of individual nurses?
A) external standards of nursing practice
B) internal standards of nursing practice
C) codes of nursing ethics
D) scope of practice statutes
Q2) Which of the following is a mechanism of accountability that has been developed by the profession of nursing?
A) a collective professional autonomy
B) making decisions regarding disciplinary action
C) educational requirements for practice
D) adjudicating risks
Q3) Which of the following is universally accepted as one criterion of a profession that is profoundly important to nursing?
A) codes of nursing ethics
B) standards of nursing practice
C) scope of practice statutes
D) nursing theories and practice
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Professional Relationship Issues
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13 Verified Questions
13 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is characteristic of workplace incivility?
A) acknowledgement of diverse opinions
B) recognizing adversity
C) maintaining moral integrity
D) demeaning treatment of patients
Q2) A physician writes an order that the registered nurse believes will harm the patient. The nurse believes the physician to be incompetent. What is the most appropriate action for the nurse?
A) The nurse should follow the order since the physician's education is superior.
B) The nurse should pursue the chain of authority. If the supervisor and others support the physician, the nurse should follow the order.
C) After pursuing the issue with the physician and supervisors, the nurse should disobey all orders that are believed to be illegal, immoral, or incompetent.
D) If the nurse is forced to follow the order, the nurse should file a formal complaint against the physician.
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11
Chapter 10: Practice Issues Related to End-Of-Life Care
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14 Verified Questions
14 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/21683
Sample Questions
Q1) According to Taylor (1950), how might the subject of medical futility be approached?
A) whether the intervention is prolonging living or prolonging dying
B) as non-beneficial, with involvement of parties regarding what is benefit or burden
C) as treatment valued by the patient but not medically indicated
D) that only the perspective of the physician determines what is a futile measure
Q2) Which of the following is synonymous with palliative care?
A) support of patients who face illness that is not responsive to curative treatment
B) aggressive treatment of chronic health problems to support symptom relief
C) short-term treatment for an episode of illness in an urgent manner
D) delivery of co-ordinated and continuous services for an acute disease or illness
Q3) What is the legal indication associated with a do not resuscitate (DNR) order?
A) Medical therapies and interventions are to be avoided.
B) Life-sustaining interventions are to be discontinued.
C) Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is to be avoided.
D) Palliative care is to be discontinued or avoided.
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Chapter 11: Practice Issues Related to Patient
Self-Determination
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the definition of competence?
A) a legal action physicians can impose on patients who are elderly and confused
B) the ability of a patient to understand medical options and treatment
C) a legal ruling regarding a person's ability to make meaningful life decisions
D) the ability of a patient to communicate about current events
Q2) A nurse is injured with a percutaneous exposure of blood while on duty. The nurse wishes to have the patient tested for HIV; however, the patient refuses. Which of the following statements best summarizes testing issues related to HIV?
A) The nurse's right to have the testing completed supersedes any patient's objections.
B) It is illegal to perform testing without the patient's consent.
C) It is mandatory for all patients to be HIV tested and therefore the nurse would have results available.
D) The nurse needs to advise the patient of the potential risks of refusing to have the testing completed.
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13
Chapter 12: Scholarship Issues
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following examples would be considered a vulnerable population needing special consideration in research protocols?
A) 17-year-old male high school students
B) 21-year-old female university students
C) 65-year-old males with heart disease
D) 41-year-old incarcerated females
Q2) Which document provides guidelines on research involving Aboriginal persons, and the use of vulnerable populations in general?
A) Tri Council Policy Statement
B) CNA Code of Ethics
C) Nuremberg Code
D) Declaration of Helsinki
Q3) A nurse researcher decides to discontinue a research project because the findings indicate that the risks of the study outweigh the benefits. Which principle is the nurse researcher applying?
A) beneficence
B) justice
C) trustworthiness
D) confidentiality
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Page 14
Chapter 13: The Future of Canadian Health Care: Challenges and Priorities
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Sample Questions
Q1) Large immigrant populations may live in overcrowded situations and, in some cases, may be unable to access health care. In addition to financial constraints, what is another issue that immigrant populations might face with regard to health care?
A) burdening the health care system with longer wait times
B) language and cultural barriers to health care
C) burdening primary health care, and spending more on prescription drugs
D) lack of health care providers and facilities
Q2) Accessibility is one of the five key features of the Canada Health Act. Which of the following is NOT directly addressed in the Act?
A) reasonable access for citizens without financial barriers
B) extra billing and user fees for citizens
C) geographical accessibility
D) providing equitable care for all citizens
Q3) Which of the following is an example of provincial or territorial responsibility for health care?
A) deciding upon the principles for health care
B) delivering direct health care services to veterans
C) providing health-related functions such as health protection programs
D) evaluating physician and hospital care
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Health Policy Issues
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14 Verified Questions
14 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A student nurse speaks to a senator about hospitals, saying they need to set unit-by-unit staffing levels based upon patient acuity and individual hospital unit characteristics in order to promote better patient outcomes. What is this an example of?
A) lobbying
B) statutes
C) policy modification
D) regulations
Q2) What is the term for issues that are created, affected, or regulated by any of the government branches?
A) political issues
B) partisan issues
C) health policy issues
D) regulatory issues
Q3) Which of the following is a health policy issue of concern to the profession of nursing?
A) setting up quarantine stations
B) changing the age of consent
C) trusting and sustainable relationships
D) monitoring entry to practice
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Economic Issues
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an example of the element of privatization in Canadian health care?
A) a national "drug agency" to oversee and monitor pharmaceutical activity
B) laundry services outsourced to private companies
C) integration between "pharmacare" and medicare
D) national platform for home care
Q2) What is one of the ethical problems associated with the traditional fee-for-service system that medicine is predominantly driven by?
A) overutilization
B) privatization
C) privileges
D) opportunities
Q3) How does the Canada Health Act describe Canadian health care?
A) as a constitutional right
B) as facilitating reasonable access to health services
C) as the protection of basic needs, including a right to the protection of health
D) as treating health care as a commodity, not a right
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Chapter 16: Social Issues
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14 Verified Questions
14 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following social determinants is extremely important for nurses to consider in the holistic care of any patient?
A) healthy relationships
B) chronic medical conditions
C) unhealthy diet
D) level of education
Q2) Which ethical principle would lead to refusing to discharge an abused child to her home when there is a possibility of further injury?
A) non-maleficence
B) justice
C) beneficence
D) autonomy
Q3) Which population shows an increased incidence of conditions associated with poor nutrition, inadequate exercise, and illnesses from environmental factors?
A) children living in poverty
B) adults living in poverty
C) elder population living in poverty
D) abused women living in poverty
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18
Chapter 17: Issues of Gender and Culture
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17 Verified Questions
17 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What does Achterberg cite in her article Woman as Healer as one of the many issues that challenge nurses?
A) nursing gaining professional status
B) the masculinisation of medicine
C) maligning the caring role in society
D) oppression of women
Q2) Which of the following demonstrates a nurse's understanding that good communication is key to providing culturally congruent care?
A) The nurse determines the patient's understanding of the nurse's written and spoken language.
B) The nurse considers a family member to be the best interpreter when the language is different.
C) The nurse understands that his/her own values and beliefs and those of the clients are congruent.
D) The nurse discovers that expectations and patient perspectives are related to acquiring a positive attitude.
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19
Chapter 18: Rural and Aboriginal Nursing in Canada
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12 Verified Questions
12 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a factor that impacts the health and well-being of Aboriginal persons?
A) social inclusion
B) civil war
C) population growth
D) physical environment
Q2) What is the percent of Canadians defined as living in a rural environment?
A) between 10 and 20 percent
B) between 20 and 30 percent
C) between 30 and 40 percent
D) between 40 and 50 percent
Q3) A nurse works in a small outpost hospital in Inuvik. The nurse attends a local hockey game at the arena and is asked the following question by a resident of the town: "When I saw you last week about the pain in my stomach and was given the medication it helped for a bit. Today it's the same but different, what do you think I should do?" What concept is this scenario an example of?
A) being professional
B) meeting obligations
C) avoiding boundaries
D) being enmeshed
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Chapter 19: Empowerment for Nurses
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16 Verified Questions
16 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A patient tells you that he cannot lose weight because his job keeps him on the road so he cannot exercise, and his wife fixes too many high-calorie meals. What is he demonstrating?
A) internal locus of control
B) external locus of control
C) negative locus of control
D) positive locus of control
Q2) Which of the following is a potential barrier to patient empowerment?
A) comfort with change
B) sufficient knowledge
C) social labelling
D) available resources
Q3) Which of the following might hinder nursing empowerment?
A) taking action to address system issues
B) eliminating divergent and conflicting views
C) collaborating and sharing in decision making
D) participating in forming institutional policies
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