Nursing Theory and Professional Practice
Midterm Exam
Course Introduction
This course explores the foundational theories that underpin nursing as a profession and examines their application within modern healthcare settings. Students will analyze major nursing theories, models, and concepts to understand their significance in guiding clinical practice, leadership, education, and research. Emphasis is placed on critical thinking, ethical decision-making, and the development of a professional identity. Through case studies and reflective activities, learners will connect theoretical principles to real-world nursing scenarios, emphasizing the importance of evidence-based practice, cultural competence, and lifelong learning in promoting high-quality patient care.
Recommended Textbook
Ethics and Issues in Contemporary Nursing 4th Edition by Margaret A. Burkhardt
Available Study Resources on Quizplus
20 Chapters
313 Verified Questions
313 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/1109 Page 2
Chapter 1: Social, Philosophical, and Other Historical Forces
Influencing the Development of Nursing
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
16 Verified Questions
16 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/21802
Sample Questions
Q1) Socrates can be described as (select all that apply):
A) being one of the greatest philosophers of ancient times.
B) believing a person should do what is best for him or herself.
C) proposing that one must seek knowledge and develop the inner self in order to experience a good life.
D) creating the Socratic method.
E) believing that knowledge does lead to the "good life."
Answer: A, C, D, E
Q2) Helping professionals find their origin in:
A) inhumane actions.
B) perceived social need.
C) accepted moral needs.
D) individual values.
E) All except a.
Answer: E
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 3
Chapter 2: Ethical Theory
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/21803
Sample Questions
Q1) What theory is based on the rationalist view that the rightness or wrongness of an act depends upon the nature of the act, rather than its consequence?
A) Deontology
B) Formalism
C) Kantianism
D) Act utilitarianism
Answer: A
Q2) During a hurricane, there is no electricity in a hospital where floodwater is rapidly rising. An ICU nurse manually ventilates a patient with an ambu bag for 6 hours before she makes the difficult decision to leave her patient and help the solitary remaining nurse carry 12 newborns to safety. The nurse's decision is most clearly supported by which of the following?
A) Deontology
B) Virtue ethics
C) Rationalism
D) Utilitarianism
Answer: D
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 4
Chapter 3: Ethical Principles
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/21804
Sample Questions
Q1) Often nurses and other health care providers fail to recognize violations of patient autonomy. Which of the following is an example? Select all that apply.
A) Nurses failure to recognize that individual's thought processes are the same.
B) Attentiveness to patient autonomy is sometimes neglected as the work of nursing becomes the major focus.
C) Nurses may falsely assume that patients have the same values and goals as themselves.
D) Assuming patient have more knowledge than is reasonable for them to have.
Answer: B, C, D
Q2) The ethical principle that requires nurses to uphold the profession's code of ethics, to practice within the established scope of practice, and to remain competent is which of the following?
A) Beneficence
B) Autonomy
C) Fidelity
D) Nonmaleficence
Answer: C
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 5
Chapter 4: Values Clarification
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
14 Verified Questions
14 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/21805
Sample Questions
Q1) Values of individual institutions and organized health care systems that are explicitly communicated through philosophy and policy statements are called:
A) formal values.
B) overt values.
C) institutional values.
D) covert values.
Q2) When the values of the nurse and those of the patient are different, the patient may be labeled as which of the following? Select all that apply.
A) Noncompliant
B) Difficult
C) Cooperative
D) Ignorant
E) Confident
Q3) The process of becoming more conscious of and naming what we value or consider worthy is:
A) journaling.
B) values clarification.
C) overt values.
D) values conflict.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 6
Chapter 5: Values Development
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
16 Verified Questions
16 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/21806
Sample Questions
Q1) In Kohlberg's theory of moral development, the preconventional level includes two stages. They are:
A) punishment and obedience.
B) individual instrumental purpose and exchange.
C) rights and social utility.
D) a and b.
Q2) In Fowler's Stage of Faith Development, Stage 6 is called:
A) Individuative-Reflective faith.
B) Universalizing faith.
C) Intuitive-Projective faith.
D) Synthetic-Conventional faith.
Q3) Human values development is often referred to as:
A) moral development.
B) faith development.
C) ethical values.
D) formal operations development.
Q4) Values development moves from a focus on self toward being guided in universal considerations.
A)True
B)False
Page 7
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 6: Ethics and Professional Nursing
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/21807
Sample Questions
Q1) Professions have many distinguishing attributes that have been proposed over the years, including (select all that apply):
A) expertise.
B) absence of systematic theory.
C) a scope of practice.
D) low income.
E) licensure.
F) ethical codes.
Q2) ____ refers to a person who has an obligation to accept responsibility and to account for actions.
A) Autonomy
B) Expertise
C) Authority
D) Accountability
Q3) The roles of the state boards of nursing can include:
A) overseeing schools of nursing within the states.
B) enforcing the individual state's nurse practice acts.
C) disciplining nurses.
D) all of the above.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 8
Chapter 7: Ethical Decision Making
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/21808
Sample Questions
Q1) ____________ occurs when we sense that there is a moral problem but are not sure of the morally correct action.
A) Moral distress
B) Moral uncertainty
C) Moral dilemma
D) Practical dilemma
Q2) The nurse manager asks Martha, a staff nurse, if she will work an additional 4 hours at the end of her shift. Martha's patient is unstable, and there is insufficient staff on the next shift to care for her adequately. If she works overtime, Martha will break a promise she made to take her children to the circus. This situation is an example of:
A) moral distress.
B) a moral dilemma.
C) moral reckoning.
D) a practical dilemma.
Q3) Moral integrity is defined as:
A) the likelihood that someone will make the same decision repeatedly over time.
B) soundness, reliability, wholeness, and integration of moral character.
C) self-knowledge combined with decision-making skill.
D) the ability to make cogent moral decisions.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 9
Chapter 8: Legal Issues
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
26 Verified Questions
26 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/21809
Sample Questions
Q1) Disturbing the peace, solicitation, assault, and battery are examples of:
A) misdemeanors.
B) felonies.
C) precedents.
D) rioting.
Q2) When one harms a person's reputation and good name, diminishes other's value or esteem, or arouses negative feelings toward the person in others by the communication of false, malicious, unprivileged, or harmful words, this is referred to as:
A) fraud.
B) defamation.
C) libel.
D) slander.
Q3) Serious crimes that carry significant fines and jail sentences refer to: A) legislative laws.
B) felonies.
C) misdemeanors.
D) precedents.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 10
Chapter 9: Professional Relationship Issues
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/21810
Sample Questions
Q1) A physician writes an order that the registered nurse believes will harm the patient. She views the physician as incompetent. Which of the following is the most appropriate action for the nurse?
A) She should follow the order anyway because the physician's education is superior to hers.
B) She should pursue the chain of authority. If the supervisor and others support the physician, she should follow the order.
C) After pursuing the issue with the physician and her superiors, she should disobey all orders that she believes are illegal, immoral, or incompetent.
D) If she is forced to follow the order, she should file a formal complaint against the physician.
Q2) Employer discrimination based on race, gender, ethnicity, and disabilities violates which ethical principle?
A) Justice
B) Beneficence
C) Nonmaleficence
D) Confidentiality
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
11
Chapter 10: Practice Issues Related to Technology
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/21811
Sample Questions
Q1) In assessing a patient's quality of life (QOL), the nurse needs to understand that QOL:
A) is an objective measure of comfort and factors that make life worth living.
B) is only considered good if the patient feels fulfilled and can be independent.
C) generally means the same thing to most patients, families, and nurses.
D) includes subjective ideas about conditions of life and functional ability.
Q2) Appropriate utilization of health care technology requires that health care providers, patients, and families understand its:
A) purpose, benefits, limitations.
B) cost, availability, usefulness.
C) outcomes, benefits, cost.
D) risks, availability, purpose.
Q3) Since a prime nursing focus is to relieve suffering, nurses must understand that health care technologies:
A) are good because they always support a patient's health and well-being.
B) may cause conflict between doing good and avoiding harm to patients.
C) are necessary interventions even if they cause patients to suffer.
D) may cause nurses to do harmful things to patients against their wishes.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 12
Chapter 11: Practice Issues Related to Patient Self
Determination
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/21812
Sample Questions
Q1) Having the freedom to make choices about issues that affect our own lives and to make decisions about personal goals is called:
A) paternalism.
B) informed consent.
C) autonomy.
D) competence.
Q2) A nurse is caring for a patient with cancer, who describes using an herbal preparation and guided imagery as part of her treatment. Considerations related to patient self-determination would direct the nurse to:
A) honor the patient's right to use therapies other than conventional medicine to address her health care needs.
B) tell the patient that she should stop these therapies because they have no research to support them.
C) inform the patient that she has a right to do what she wants, but that it's crazy to mix different traditions.
D) encourage the patient to share the herbal preparation with other patients to see if it might help them as well.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 13
Chapter 12: Scholarship Issues
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
16 Verified Questions
16 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/21813
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true regarding factors to consider in the fair treatment of participants? Select all that apply.
A) Selecting participants on the basis of research needs
B) Equitably distributing the risk and benefits of the research among study participants
C) Treating persons who decline to participate or withdraw from the study with prejudice
D) Debriefing as needed to clarify issues
E) Treating participants with respect
Q2) Which of the following documents was developed to set forth principles for the ethical conduct of research in response to human rights violations during World War II?
A) Belmont Report
B) ANA Code of Ethics
C) Nuremberg Code
D) Declaration of Helsinki
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
14
Chapter 13: Global Consciousness in the Twenty First Century
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/21814
Sample Questions
Q1) All of the following are true about alternative traditions of health care except:
A) they provide comprehensive approaches to health promotion and disease prevention.
B) they generally address mental, physical, spiritual, and ecological health factors.
C) they are used by a limited number of people in developing countries around the world.
D) they may be supported and encouraged by governments and leaders in some countries.
Q2) Florence Nightingale is known for which of the following? Select all that apply.
A) She promoted holistic health.
B) She directed nurses to assure patients had clean water, sanitation, clean air, and good ventilation.
C) She was a pioneer in using evaluative statistics to monitor various factors influencing health.
D) She crafted the standards of Western secular nursing education and practice.
E) She was the first occupational health nurse.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
15
Chapter 14: Health Policy Issues
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/21815
Sample Questions
Q1) Issues that are created, affected, or regulated by any of the government branches are:
A) political issues
B) partisan issues
C) health policy issues
D) regulatory issues
Q2) Which of the following is both a moral and political issue?
A) Abortion
B) Stem cell research
C) Physician-assisted suicide
D) All but b above
E) All of the above
Q3) Which of the following is a health policy issue of concern to the profession of nursing?
A) Abortion
B) Third-party reimbursement
C) Air pollution control
D) Gun control
E) All of the above
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 16
Chapter 15: Economic Issues
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/21816
Sample Questions
Q1) The traditional health care system in the United States is:
A) managed care.
B) fee-for-service.
C) universal health insurance.
D) single payer systems.
Q2) Managed care gives rise to ethical problems associated with balancing utilitarian views of cost-effective care with a respect for persons and the traditional view of a duty to care. Which of the following statements are considerations for managed care organizations? Select all that apply.
A) Relationships are not critical in the delivery of health services.
B) Health plans, purchasers, clinicians, and the public share responsibility for the appropriate stewardship of health care resources.
C) Patients do not need to be well informed about the financial benefit issues that affect the provision of care.
D) All parties should foster an ethical environment for the delivery of effective and efficient quality health care.
E) Patients should be well informed about care and treatment options.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
17
Chapter 16: Social Issues
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/21817
Sample Questions
Q1) The elderly are a growing population worldwide. Which of the following statements are true regarding this population? Select all that apply.
A) In developed countries, those aged 80 and above are the fastest growing population.
B) The incidence of elderly abuse is decreasing worldwide.
C) Many elderly, especially from minority populations, live without pensions and on incomes below the poverty level.
D) Chronic illness, pain, cognitive problems, and disabilities increase in frequency in the elderly.
E) Few elderly are socially isolated or susceptible to economic hardship.
Q2) When considering health care options for patients, nurses need to be aware that federal programs for the indigent cover what percentage of individuals living on incomes below the poverty line?
A) 25 percent
B) 50 percent
C) 75 percent
D) 100 percent
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 18
Chapter 17: Gender Issues
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/21818
Sample Questions
Q1) In the Civil Rights Act of 1964, gender discrimination:
A) is addressed only in relation to race and ethnicity.
B) is allowed if gender is a bona fide occupational qualification reasonably necessary to the normal operation of that particular business of enterprise.
C) is never allowed, even if gender is arguably necessary to the normal operation of that particular business of enterprise.
D) exempts labor and delivery rooms from gender discrimination law and upholds a hospital's ban on employing nurses who are men in these areas.
Q2) A female nurse manager is overly friendly to a young male colleague. She makes sexually explicit remarks and often corners him in the medication room, standing uncomfortably close. This behavior is consistent with which of the following?
A) Sexual assault
B) Sexual deviancy
C) Sexual harassment
D) Hostile work environment
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 19
Chapter 18: Transcultural and Spiritual Issues
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/21819
Sample Questions
Q1) When addressing values such as autonomy, beneficence, and the right to self-determination with patients, nurses need to understand that:
A) all cultures consider these values to be very important in health decisions.
B) the cultural perspective of all people involved must be considered.
C) cultural sensitivity means the family must be included in the discussion.
D) these values are understood pretty much the same in most cultures.
Q2) Transcultural issues and conflicts are more likely to arise when nurses:
A) are aware of their own bias and judgments of others.
B) judge another's behavior by their own cultural values.
C) understand their own cultural beliefs and values.
D) avoid judging others based on preconceived ideas.
Q3) All of the following are important for nurses in providing spiritual care except:
A) understanding that all spirituality is part of every patient encounter.
B) sharing the same religious beliefs and values as the patient.
C) creating an environment open to many beliefs and expressions.
D) appreciating that religious perspective may influence health choices.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 20
Chapter 19: Empowerment for Nurses
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/21820
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following might hinder nursing empowerment?
A) Taking action to address system issues
B) Eliminating divergent and conflicting views
C) Collaborating and sharing in decision making
D) Participating in forming institutional policies
Q2) Nursing empowerment that derives from the perspective of power with or power to:
A) is given to or delegated to the nurse.
B) is a directive process regarding change.
C) is more focused on outcome than process.
D) is based on mutual love and respect.
Q3) Power over implies all of the following except:
A) controlling knowledge and people.
B) sharing responsibility with others.
C) protecting limited resources.
D) separating leaders and followers.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 20: Facilitating Patient Enpowerment
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/21821
Sample Questions
Q1) To enable patient empowerment, nurses need to recognize that:
A) health professionals know what is best for patients.
B) patients need help in making health care decisions.
C) patients are responsible for their own health.
D) health professionals give power to patients.
Q2) A patient who tells you that he cannot lose weight because his job keeps him on the road so he cannot exercise and his wife fixes too many high-calorie meals demonstrates:
A) internal locus of control.
B) external locus of control.
C) negative locus of control.
D) positive locus of control.
Q3) Nursing attitudes that enable patient empowerment include all of the following except:
A) viewing nurse as partner, facilitator, resource for patients.
B) directing patients to decisions that support good health outcomes.
C) maintaining mutual trust and respect regardless of decisions.
D) being aware of personal values and beliefs related to power.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 22