Nursing Theory and Practice with Older Adults
Exam Answer Key
Course Introduction
This course explores the foundational theories and evidence-based practices in nursing care for older adults, emphasizing holistic, person-centered approaches. Students will examine the physiological, psychological, and social changes associated with aging, and learn strategies to promote health, independence, and quality of life in diverse elder populations. Through case studies, clinical scenarios, and discussion of current research, the course prepares students to assess and address the complex health needs of older adults, advocate for elder rights and dignity, and collaborate effectively with families and interdisciplinary teams in a variety of care settings.
Recommended Textbook
Ebersole and Hess Gerontological Nursing and Healthy Aging in Canada 2nd Edition by Theris A.
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26 Chapters
314 Verified Questions
314 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/2017
2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Healthy Aging
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17 Verified Questions
17 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/40122
Sample Questions
Q1) In differentiating between health and wellness in health care, which of the following statements is true?
A)Health is a broad term encompassing attitudes and behaviours.
B)The concept of wellness was rarely or never considered by previous generations.
C)Wellness and self-actualization develop through learning and compromise.
D)It is impossible to have wellness when one's health is compromised.
Answer: A
Q2) Which statement describes aging in developing countries?
A)Many developing countries have historically had many members live to be centenarians.
B)The biggest problem for older persons will be lack of food.
C)Most of the world's older persons are likely to reside in developing countries.
D)Like fertility, life expectancy is increasing, although at a different rate.
Answer: C
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3
Chapter 2: Gerontological Nursing History, Education, and Roles
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10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements best identifies gerontological nursing?
A)Nurses have only recently become involved in the care of the older person.
B)Gerontological care, while important, is the smallest specialty group within the Canadian Nurses Association (CNA).
C)The purposes of gerontological nursing include promotion of health and support for maximal function.
D)Canadian Nurses Association certification is available only for gerontological nurses in research positions.
Answer: C
Q2) Which one of the following Canadian Gerontological Nursing Association Standards of Practice recognizes that certain behaviours are not necessarily related to pathology, but instead may be related to the circumstances within the physical or social environment surrounding older persons?
A)Physiological health
B)Relationship care
C)Responsive care
D)Health system
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Communicating With Older Persons
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which type of question should the nurse avoid when communicating with an older person who has aphasia?
A)The nurse should avoid questions that validate understanding.
B)The nurse should avoid questions that have open-ended answers.
C)The nurse should avoid questions that require a yes or no answer.
D)The nurse should avoid asking several questions in a series.
Answer: B
Q2) Which of the following strategies is most useful for communicating with an older person who is experiencing cognitive impairment?
A)Speak normally, because the older person can understand what you are saying.
B)Communicate infrequently with the older person, to diminish frustration.
C)Correct the older person and repeat until you are understood.
D)Use multiple ways of communicating, such as by gesture and touch, as well as speech.
Answer: D
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5
Chapter 4: Culture, Ethnicity, and Aging
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Sample Questions
Q1) A resident in a nursing home insists that a priest hear his confession.The resident is very anxious, and the nursing home does not have a Roman Catholic chaplain.Which one of the following interventions should the nurse implement?
A)A rabbi is coming to visit the home this evening.Arrange an appointment for the resident.
B)Report the resident's change in behaviour in detail so that the attending physician can prescribe medication appropriately.
C)Refer the resident to the staff psychologist to address the underlying cause of the patient's anxiety.
D)Contact a Roman Catholic church, and request that the priest visit the resident.
Q2) The nurse uses knowledge about and experience with cultures to care for older persons within the context of a culture.Which one of the following is the best method of providing culturally competent nursing care?
A)Apply assessment and cultural data.
B)Support the older person's cultural patterns.
C)Increase specific cultural knowledge.
D)Assess any strengths and weaknesses.
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Chapter 5: Nursing Documentation
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Sample Questions
Q1) The same nursing documentation record is used in every unit of a hospital.Why does a hospital use a standardized form for nursing documentation?
A)Standardized documentation helps to provide continuity of care.
B)Standardized documentation assists in maintaining confidentiality.
C)Standardized documentation reduces the number of medication errors.
D)Standardized documentation guarantees excellence of care between units.
Q2) A 75-year-old adult has been admitted to the surgical unit.You are not assigned to admit the older person; however, you overhear two nurses standing beside the mobile computer in the hallway discussing the admission.Which one of the following outlines rules ensuring privacy for this older person?
A)The Continuing Care Reporting System (CCRS)
B)Personal Health Information Protection Act (PHIPA)
C)Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
D)The Canadian Nurses Association's Code of Ethics
Q3) Which of the following is a true statement about documentation?
A)Nurses should keep records of patients' wishes.
B)Patients do not have access to their own medical records.
C)The DARE approach is a complete record of the health status of a patient.
D)The nurse is responsible for completing all of the Minimum Data Set (MDS).
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Biological Theories and Physical Changes of Aging
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13 Verified Questions
13 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse administers an antibiotic and naproxen, an anti-inflammatory medication, to an older female adult.Which laboratory test result should the nurse monitor to gauge if this older person's kidneys are able to metabolize the medication?
A)Urine creatinine
B)Indirect bilirubin
C)Serum creatinine
D)White blood cells
Q2) An older person has been diagnosed with a nutrition imbalance.Which age-associated intestinal problem should the nurse be aware of when planning goals and interventions to improve this older person's nutritional status?
A)Older persons have less intrinsic factor secretion.
B)Older persons have short, broad, small intestinal villi.
C)Older persons have decreased gastric smooth muscle.
D)Older persons have decreased large intestinal motility.
Q3) Which change in the skin is abnormal in an older person?
A)Thinner and more fragile skin
B)A tear in the skin after being assisted with transferring from the bed
C)Mottled pigmentation and greater number of freckles
D)Loss of hair on the extremities
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Social, Psychological, Spiritual, and Cognitive Aspects of Aging
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11 Verified Questions
11 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is true about sociological theories of aging?
A)Disengagement theory, activity theory, and continuity theory are supported by data.
B)Everyone should be able to achieve the three tasks of Peck's model of integrity.
C)The exercising of rights is not a task of aging in Kelly's model.
D)A person may choose to avoid pursuing inner discovery in old age.
Q2) Which physiological change in the brain is the reason the nurse allows more time for older persons to answer questions?
A)Increased secretion of acetylcholine
B)Decreased secretion of neurotransmitters such as dopamine
C)Loss of brainstem neurons
D)Atrophy of dendrites in the cerebral cortex
Q3) The nurse provides opportunities for nursing home residents to read aloud to others.Which cognitive skill is this nursing intervention most likely to improve?
A)Verbal fluency
B)Logical analysis
C)Object naming
D)Visuospatial skills
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Nutritional Needs
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13 Verified Questions
13 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse instructs the health care aide to feed an older person.If the nurse is unable to observe feeding directly, which action should the nurse use to assess the older person's risk for aspiration immediately following feeding?
A)Note the food volume eaten by the older person.
B)Observe the older person's skin colour.
C)Inspect for pocketing.
D)Monitor the older person for bradypnea.
Q2) The health care aides working at a long-term care facility need help to properly feed residents who require assistance with feeding.Which of the following plans should the nurse implement to ensure that the residents are fed properly?
A)Instruct the health care aides to feed four people at a time.
B)Draw on the availability of family members who are able to follow instructions.
C)Ask some residents to self-feed for part of the mealtime.
D)Feed the residents at different times (e.g., feed one group lunch at 1100 hours, and feed a second group lunch at 1200 hours).
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10
Chapter 9: Hydration and Continence
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Sample Questions
Q1) An older person who is on bedrest has tachycardia and dry mucous membranes, and decreased urinary output after surgery.Which of the following situations is the nurse's priority for preventive care because of the patient's fluid volume status?
A)Bowel obstruction
B)Delirious behaviour
C)Thromboembolic events
D)Delayed wound healing
Q2) An older female adult tells the nurse practitioner that she fears her family will place her in a nursing home because she developed stress incontinence.Which recommendation should the nurse implement?
A)Tell her to eliminate the use of caffeinated beverages.
B)Coordinate a family conference with the older person.
C)Recommend exercises to strengthen the pelvic floor.
D)Schedule voiding for every two hours around the clock.
Q3) Which type of incontinence is characterized by a large residual urine volume?
A)Urge incontinence
B)Stress incontinence
C)Overflow incontinence
D)Functional incontinence
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Rest, Sleep, and Activity
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12 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) An older man has Alzheimer's disease, and his wife says he is up and wandering around the house at night.Which intervention should the nurse implement to increase the older man's duration of sleep?
A)Instruct the wife to increase her husband's daily physical activity.
B)Collaborate with the health care provider to administer a hypnotic.
C)Teach the wife how to apply a vest restraint during sleep.
D)Help the wife plan daily periods for napping and activity.
Q2) During the night, an older female adult complains to the nurse that she has not slept more than two hours since her admission to the hospital.Which intervention should the nurse implement to increase the duration of this woman's sleep?
A)Inquire about the sleep habits used at home.
B)Suggest that she avoid napping during the day.
C)Tell her that sleep is fragmented in older people.
D)Offer her a book or suggest she watch a movie.
Q3) Which of the following are benefits of exercise for nonambulatory older persons?
A)Muscle weakness and atrophy may be reversed.
B)Incontinence problems will be resolved.
C)Memory issues may improve.
D)Ambulation will develop.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Promoting Healthy Skin and Feet
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse cares for an older male adult who has a malignant melanoma.Which intervention should the nurse implement for this man, to prevent a recurrence or advancement of this condition in the future?
A)Place posters about sunscreen in the halls of his apartment building.
B)Promote application of sunscreen at his neighbourhood health fair.
C)Tell him to schedule all outdoor activities after 1600 hours daily.
D)Instruct him to wear sun-protective clothing and a hat at all times.
Q2) Which skin lesion on an older person should be evaluated promptly by a dermatologist?
A)A circumscribed, raised area resembling a blob of brown wax
B)A multicoloured, raised lesion with an irregular border
C)A rough, scaly, pink to reddish-brown lesion
D)A brown spot on the skin with no raised area
Q3) The nurse monitors for which of the following clinical indicators when an older person complains of pruritus?
A)Dry, flaky skin
B)Brown macule
C)Brownish skin
D)Regional edema
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Maintaining Mobility and Environmental Safety
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13 Verified Questions
13 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement is true about assistive devices to aid older persons with impaired mobility?
A)When using a walker, armless chairs provide more ease when moving from sitting to standing.
B)Assistive devices do not contribute to falls and injuries.
C)Older persons should receive assistance in learning how to use the assistive device from a specialist in occupational or physiotherapy.
D)A walker is most useful for unilateral disabilities, but not for bilateral problems.
Q2) An older male adult was oriented and responded correctly in the hospital, but he is disoriented and confused in his home after discharge.Which is the first issue the home nurse should examine to determine if an environmental issue is contributing to the patient's condition at home?
A)Complaints of shivering
B)Temperature of the household
C)Types of food preparation
D)Patient indicators of injury
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Chapter 13: Assessment Tools in Gerontological Nursing
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13 Verified Questions
13 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following should the nurse include in the psychosocial assessment of an older patient?
A)Comorbid diseases
B)Joint pain
C)Genetics
D)Family relationships
Q2) Which of the following does the nurse do when preparing to perform a skilled and detailed assessment of an older person that is not usually required when assessing a younger individual?
A)Provide for adequate privacy.
B)Allow more time for assessing.
C)Gather all needed supplies.
D)Complete the evaluation in one sitting.
Q3) Why should a new nurse use a standardized assessment tool?
A)It allows for electronic data collection and analysis.
B)It increases the likelihood of collecting the most accurate data.
C)It is a substitute for possessing refined interviewing skills.
D)It provides an automated means of choosing nursing diagnoses.
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Chapter 14: Safe Medication Use for Older Persons
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10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In speaking with an older person, which question is likely to elicit the most accurate information about the individual's adherence to the medication plan?
A)"You take digoxin (Lanoxin) at the correct time, don't you?"
B)"Why didn't you take all of your digoxin (Lanoxin) last month?"
C)"How many doses of digoxin (Lanoxin) do you think you missed?"
D)"You have never missed a dose of digoxin (Lanoxin), have you?"
Q2) Which pharmacokinetic parameter is affected most by decreased intestinal motility related to the aging process?
A)Absorption
B)Distribution
C)Metabolism
D)Excretion
Q3) Which of the following medications correctly matches the older-person condition given, according to current medical knowledge?
A)Alprazolam (Xanax) for depression at bedtime
B)Buspirone (BuSpar) for chronic anxiety states
C)Amitriptyline (Elavil) for depression in the morning
D)Haloperidol (Haldol) long-term for psychotic behavior
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Living With Chronic Illness
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10 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which one of the following descriptors represents a phase of the chronic illness trajectory (CIT)?
A)Caring
B)Stable
C)Bargaining
D)Rehabilitation
Q2) An older female adult has gastritis, occasional migraine headaches, and severe osteoporosis in the long bones, with impaired mobility and chronic pain.In the trajectory phase, what health teaching should the nurse offer to the older person?
A)Regular exercise (at least 30 minutes daily) will increase bone density.
B)Daily intake of vitamin C 500 mg will reverse osteoporosis over time.
C)Rest periods of one to two hours throughout the day will prevent osteoporotic pain in long bones.
D)Taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs) every two hours will reduce pain.
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Chapter 16: Pain and Comfort
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse uses comfort measures to enhance an older person's pharmacological pain management.Which should the nurse use to identify relationships between comfort measures, pharmacotherapy, and the older person's pain level?
A)Older person's self-report
B)Older person's pain diary
C)Visual Analogue Scale
D)Pain medication frequency
Q2) The older person is at higher risk for acute psychological pain compared to a younger adult because of which of the following statements about older persons?
A)Older persons have less tolerance for pain.
B)Older persons possess fewer assets.
C)Older persons experience more loss.
D)Older persons live with impairments.
Q3) Compared with acute pain, which of the following statements is true of persistent pain?
A)It leads to markedly altered vital signs.
B)It is usually described as a burning pain.
C)It is generally gone within four months.
D)It can bring about changes in lifestyle.
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Page 18
Chapter 17: Diabetes Mellitus
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Sample Questions
Q1) An older male adult comes to a primary care setting, and his reason for seeking health care is to get a prescription for sildenafil (Viagra).Which laboratory report can help to explain why this individual needs sildenafil?
A)Serum potassium 4.5 mEq/L
B)Prothrombin time 13 seconds
C)Hemoglobin 140-180 g/L (14.0-18.0 g/dL)
D)Glycosylated hemoglobin (Hgb A1c) over 8%
Q2) Which of the following laboratory results is a goal for reducing a person's risk for diabetes and heart disease?
A)Triglycerides over 1.69 mmol/L (150 mg/dL)
B)Cholesterol over 5.18 mmol/L (200 mg/dL)
C)High-density lipoprotein under 1.03 mmol/L (40 mg/dL)
D)Fasting blood glucose under 7.0 mmol/L (126 mg/dL)
Q3) Which of the following is a true statement about diabetes mellitus?
A)Type 2 diabetes results from a failure of the pancreas to produce insulin.
B)Diabetes is diagnosed after two fasting plasma glucose readings over 4.4-6.1 mmol/L (82-110 mg/dL).
C)Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is another name for type 1 diabetes.
D)The incidence of diabetes mellitus does not increase with age.
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Page 19
Chapter 18: Bone and Joint Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement about joints in older persons is true?
A)Osteoarthritis is an inflammatory joint disorder.
B)Surgical joint replacement can cure osteoarthritis.
C)Joint damage in osteoarthritis is reversed with medication.
D)Very old persons should avoid joint replacement surgery.
Q2) The nurse prepares an older male person who has osteoarthritis (OA) for discharge.Which instruction does the nurse include in patient teaching to maintain safety for this man?
A)Take ibuprofen (Motrin) rather than opioid analgesics.
B)Increase rest periods to slow disease progression.
C)Report joint instability to the health care provider.
D)Avoid stretching the affected joint during exercise.
Q3) An older female adult seeks advice from the nurse about preventing further bone loss after being diagnosed with osteopenia.To achieve the woman's goal, which teaching should the nurse provide to enhance the activity of osteoblasts?
A)Limit sodium intake.
B)Refrain from alcohol use.
C)Eat high-fibre foods.
D)Exercise with weights.
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Page 20
Chapter 19: Visual and Auditory Changes
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Sample Questions
Q1) The children of an older male adult feel that his vision may be impaired and they are worried about him driving a car.Which sign/behaviour has research shown to indicate that there may be vision problems in this patient?
A)This older person has complained of squinting and a greater sensitivity to light.
B)This older person recently began taking a prescription medication for high blood pressure.
C)This older person has decreased his socialization with his bridge group.
D)This older person has shown decreased interest in making meals.
Q2) Which disease creates pressure within the eye and potential optic nerve damage in the older person?
A)Glaucoma
B)Presbyopia
C)Cataract
D)Macular degeneration
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21
Chapter 20: Cardio-Vascular and Respiratory Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) The exercise tolerance of an older person is impaired after a myocardial infarction (MI) because of a low ejection fraction.Which of the following primary interventions should the nurse use to assist this individual to restore baseline functional status?
A)Provide a well-balanced diet.
B)Assist with range of motion.
C)Instruct the older person to sit up in a chair four times daily.
D)Keep O2 saturation above 95%.
Q2) The Public Health Agency of Canada and the Canadian Lung Association recommend that every older person who will be entering a long-term care (LTC) facility as a resident will become part of communal living and must therefore undergo annual testing for tuberculosis (TB).Which of the following statements about TB in older persons is TRUE?
A)The principal threat from TB is its highly contagious nature.
B)The tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) test is a conclusive test for TB.
C)Antimicrobial drugs have made TB a thing of the past.
D)Older persons who contracted TB in their youth may suffer reactivation of TB.
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Chapter 21: Cognitive Impairment and Neurological Disorders
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Q1) An older male adult comes to the emergency department after falling at home.He reports that he cannot walk without losing his balance, and his speech is somewhat slurred.Which one of the following steps should the nurse implement for this patient?
A)Arrange to transfer him to radiology immediately.
B)Determine symptom onset or when he fell at home.
C)Organize the tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) infusion.
D)Perform a comprehensive neurological assessment.
Q2) Which of the following is a beneficial approach to hygienic care for an older person with dementia?
A)Schedule the older person's full shower at 0700 hours for three mornings every week.
B)Have a team give the older person a bath together, with each member washing a different body area.
C)Wash the older person's perineal region first, to remove potentially infectious material.
D)Explain each step as you go, and keep the older-person patient covered as much as possible while bathing.
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Page 23
Chapter 22: Economic and Legal Issues
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Q1) A health care provider asks the nurse about an older male adult's power of attorney because consent is needed for a medically necessary invasive procedure; the patient has end-stage disease, is intubated, and is on mechanical ventilation.Which one of the following steps should the nurse implement?
A)Refer to the patient's advance directive for a name.
B)Assist with obtaining informed consent from the patient.
C)Use an oral test to measure the patient's cognitive function.
D)Apply the Confusion Assessment Method for critical care.
Q2) The National Advisory Committee on Aging (NACA) has raised an important issue of "under-subscription," that is, people who are eligible for the GIS, the Allowance, Old Age Security (OAS), or the Allowance for the Survivor, but who do not receive it because they have not applied or reapplied for the benefits.Which of the following groups constitutes the majority of those who do not subscribe or apply for OAS benefits?
A)Canadians who do not speak English or French, or who have low literacy
B)Canadians who live in remote regions
C)Canadians who are homeless
D)Canadians who are older women
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Chapter 23: Relationships, Roles, and Transitions
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Q1) As older persons' health begins to deteriorate, caregiving often becomes the responsibility of their middle-aged children.Of the following people, who is the most likely to provide care for an aging parent?
A)A middle-aged son who is married and works full time from his home office
B)A middle-aged daughter-in-law who is a stay-at-home mother
C)A middle-aged daughter who is married and works part-time
D)A middle-aged son who is married and works part-time
Q2) The children of an older female adult ask the nurse for advice about helping their mother heal after her husband's death.Which strategy should the nurse share with the family?
A)Appoint one family member to take the mother on outings.
B)Coordinate family expressions of care and concern.
C)Have each child plan a long trip with their mother's assistance.
D)Take the mother to community events to meet other people.
Q3) Which statement is true about the relationships of older persons?
A)Loneliness is evidence of self-centredness and unwillingness to love.
B)A person may be lonely even when surrounded by other people.
C)Hostile behaviour indicates that a person prefers to be left alone.
D)A pet cannot substitute for human attention.
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Page 25
Chapter 24: Mental Health and Wellness in Later Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements about psychotic behaviour in older persons is true?
A)Usually, hallucinations in older patients are the result of psychological conflicts.
B)Illusion, delusion, and hallucination are different terms for the same phenomenon.
C)An older person with psychotic behaviour should be assessed for a variety of causes.
D)Regardless of the cause, dissimilar hallucinations are treated with similar therapies.
Q2) An older male adult who had radical surgery for oral cancer is refusing to see visitors and is losing weight, despite aggressive nutrition therapy.The nurse assesses this older person and recognizes that he is not coping well and appears to be grieving.What is the most important patient outcome, in light of this nursing assessment?
A)The patient discusses how his coping mechanisms are overwhelmed.
B)The patient performs self-feedings through gastrostomy tube daily.
C)The patient uses nonverbal forms of communication effectively.
D)The patient exhibits self-confidence in regaining a sense of control.
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Chapter 25: Loss, Death, and Palliative Care
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Sample Questions
Q1) Jean Smithers, 80 years of age, is grieving the loss of her husband, Adam, who died last month at the age of 82.They had been life partners for 60 years.She cries all the time and complains of feeling distracted and restless.She says that deciding what to wear seems too complex a task and she is "at loose ends." What type of grief is Jean Smithers experiencing?
A)Anticipatory grief
B)Persistent grief
C)Acute grief
D)Disenfranchised grief
Q2) Mrs.Palmer, 75 years of age, was admitted to hospital one week ago with end-stage cancer of the breast.This morning, when the nurse assesses Mrs.Palmer, a significant decline in all of her systems is apparent.Mr.Palmer, who is sitting beside her bed, looks at the nurse and states, "I miss her so much, how will I go on without her?" How should the nurse respond?
A)"Mr.Palmer, you look very tired.Why don't you go home and get some rest?"
B)"Mr.Palmer, would you like me to bring you some breakfast?"
C)"Mr.Palmer, I would really like to hear about your life together."
D)"Mr.Palmer, would you like me to call someone to be here with you?"
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Page 27
Chapter 26: Care Across the Continuum
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11 Verified Questions
11 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/40147
Sample Questions
Q1) A family is touring selected long-term care homes in preparation for their mother's future.Which qualities of a nursing home should the family include if they decide on a person-centred nursing home?
A)Staff members cover all nursing units.
B)Residents choose stimulating activities.
C)Group activities are scheduled on the hour.
D)There is a hospital environment that assures families of excellent care.
Q2) A resident of a long-term care facility in Ontario has been asking to have the drain in the bathroom sink repaired for two months.The nurse responds by saying that when they move to the new building, the sinks will work very well.Which right of a resident of a long-term care facility has the nurse violated?
A)The right to be free of all forms of abuse
B)The right to be transferred for appropriate reasons
C)The right to voice concerns or recommend changes in policies and services and have them remedied
D)The right to information about conditions and treatments
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
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