Nursing Theory and Practice
Midterm Exam
Course Introduction
This course introduces students to the foundational concepts of nursing theory and its direct application to clinical practice. Through the exploration of key nursing models and frameworks, students will learn how theoretical knowledge informs patient care, decision-making, and the overall nursing process. Emphasis is placed on critically analyzing various theories to understand their relevance in todays diverse healthcare environments, fostering holistic, evidence-based approaches to patient management, and enhancing professional nursing practice. Practical case studies and interactive activities are incorporated to bridge the gap between theoretical understanding and real-world application in multiple healthcare settings.
Recommended Textbook
Fundamentals of Nursing 8th Edition by Taylor
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45 Chapters
1562 Verified Questions
1562 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/3964
Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Nursing
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35 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) A student wants to join a nursing program that provides flexibility in working at both staff and managerial positions. Which nursing program should the nurse suggest for this student?
A) Hospital-based diplomas
B) Baccalaureate nursing programs
C) Associate degree programs
D) Continuing nursing programs
Answer: B
Q2) Which nursing role is the nurse exhibiting when collecting data about the number of urinary tract infections on the nursing unit?
A) Advocate
B) Leader
C) Counselor
D) Researcher
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Theory, Research, and Evidence-Based Practice
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35 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following accurately describes Florence Nightingale's influence on nursing knowledge?
A) She defined nursing practice as the continuation of medical practice.
B) She differentiated between health nursing and illness nursing.
C) She established training for nurses under the direction of the medical profession.
D) She established a theoretical base for nursing that originated outside the profession.
Answer: B
Q2) A nursing instructor would like to study the effect peer tutoring has on student success. What is the independent variable?
A) Nursing student
B) Nursing education
C) Peer tutoring
D) Student success
Answer: C
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4
Chapter 3: Health, Illness, and Disparities
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34 Verified Questions
34 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A nurse is giving a talk to a local community group on the importance of proper diet and regular exercise. This is an example of which type of health promotion?
A) Primary health promotion
B) Secondary health promotion
C) Tertiary health promotion
D) Chronic health promotion
Answer: A
Q2) A client states, "I must be in poor health because I am a senior citizen. That's what my neighbor says and she is older than I am." This statement is based on which of the following factors?
A) Age
B) Gender
C) Peer influence
D) Illness factors
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Health of the Individual, Family, and Community
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Sample Questions
Q1) The community health nurse is creating a plan of care for a client with Parkinson's disease. The client's spouse has provided care to the client for the past five years and the client's care needs are increasing. What is an appropriate nursing diagnosis for the client and family?
A) Risk for Caregiver Role Strain.
B) Health Seeking Behaviors.
C) Parental Role Conflict.
D) Readiness for Enhanced Family Processes.
Q2) What is one method by which a nurse can be a role model to promote health in the community?
A) Demonstrating a healthy lifestyle
B) Becoming a member of a family
C) Meeting own basic needs
D) Exhibiting self-actualization
Q3) Which of the following is an example of a community factor that may affect health?
A) Rural setting
B) Air and water quality
C) Number of residents
D) Educational level
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Chapter 5: Cultural Diversity
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35 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A nurse in a large metropolitan city enjoys working in a health clinic that primarily serves Hispanic clients. What does this statement imply about the nurse?
A) The nurse's knowledge and skills are not adequate to care for clients with acute illnesses.
B) The nurse respects and values providing culturally competent care.
C) The nurse is attempting to overcome cultural blindness.
D) This employment makes the nurse feel superior to a minority group of people.
Q2) The nurse is obtaining a health history from a patient of Puerto Rican descent. Which of the following is most likely to be a health problem that has a cultural connection for this patient?
A) Lactose enzyme deficiency
B) Tuberculosis
C) Sickle cell anemia
D) Suicide
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Chapter 6: Values, Ethics, and Advocacy
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Sample Questions
Q1) A home health nurse who performs a careful safety assessment of the home of a frail elderly patient to prevent harm to the patient is acting in accord with which of the following, a principle of bioethics?
A) Nonmaleficence
B) Advocacy
C) Morals
D) Values
Q2) A nurse states to the client that she will keep her free of pain. However, her family wishes to try a treatment to prolong her life that may necessitate withholding pain medication. This factor will cause an ethical dilemma for the nurse in relation to which ethical principle?
A) Fidelity
B) Veracity
C) Justice
D) Autonomy
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Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice
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Sample Questions
Q1) An on-duty nurse discovers that her colleague is pilfering medicines. According to the Nurse Practice Acts, what should the nurse do?
A) Keep silent and overlook the incident
B) Inform the local police station
C) Discuss this incident with the colleague
D) Report the incident to the supervisor
Q2) A client refuses to have a pain medication administered by injection. A nurse says, "If you don't let me give you the shot, I will get help to hold you down and give it." With what crime might the nurse be charged?
A) Assault
B) Battery
C) Negligence
D) Defamation
Q3) Which of the following is the most frequent reason for revocation or suspension of a nurse's license?
A) Fraud
B) Mental impairment
C) Alcohol or drug abuse
D) Criminal acts
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Page 9
Chapter 8: The Health Care Delivery System
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Sample Questions
Q1) One of the newest concepts in providing long-term care is called aging in place. What is the best description of this type of care?
A) Clients move to an independent living apartment or home, then have access to increasing health care services as needed, provided within the health care community where they live.
B) Clients move into the nursing home, and access more and more services as required in the same facility.
C) A long-term-care facility, associated with a hospital, that provides acute care services as needed so the client can return to long term care.
D) Clients are maintained in their own homes with home health care.
Q2) What is one of the most significant trends in health care today?
A) Increased length of hospital stays
B) Shift from hospitals to community-based care
C) Emphasis on disease management
D) Narrowing of the areas for nursing practice
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Chapter 9: Care Coordination and Continuity
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Sample Questions
Q1) A client is diagnosed with mild dementia while in the hospital. In preparing for discharge, what should the nurse should discuss with the family?
A) Possible need for home care
B) Legal responsibility for the future
C) Need for transfer to a long-term care facility
D) Lack of free resources of care
Q2) Which of the following roles of the nurse is most important in providing continuity of care to clients? Select all that apply.
A) Educator
B) Collaborator
C) Mentor
D) Advocate
E) Role model
Q3) In addition to a physician's order, what is one of the eligibility requirements for Medicare-covered home health care?
A) The client must have transportation to the physician's office.
B) The family must be willing to meet health care needs.
C) The client must be essentially homebound.
D) The client must be able to leave the home unassisted.
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Chapter 10: Blended Competencies
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Sample Questions
Q1) What nursing organization first legitimized the use of the nursing process?
A) National League for Nursing
B) American Nurses Association
C) International Council of Nursing
D) State Board of Nursing
Q2) The nurse, after gathering data, analyzes the information to derive meaning. The nurse is involved in which phase of the nursing process?
A) Planning
B) Diagnosis
C) Implementation
D) Outcome identification
Q3) Which of the following is one example of a client benefit of using the nursing process?
A) Greater personal satisfaction
B) Decreased reliance on the nursing staff
C) Continuity of care
D) Decreased incidence of medical errors
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Assessing
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Sample Questions
Q1) A nurse is preparing to conduct a health history for a client who is confined to bed. How should the nurse position herself?
A) Standing at the end of the bed
B) Standing at the side of the bed
C) Sitting at least six feet from the beside
D) sitting at a 45-degree angle to the bed
Q2) Which of the following are examples of common factors in a client that may influence assessment priorities? Select all that apply.
A) Diet and exercise program
B) Standing in the community
C) Ability to pay for services
D) Developmental stage
E) Need for nursing
Q3) Which of the following questions or statements would be appropriate in eliciting further information when conducting a health history interview?
A) "Why didn't you go to the doctor when you began to have this pain?"
B) "Are you feeling better now than you did during the night?"
C) "Tell me more about what caused your pain."
D) "If I were you, I would not wait to get medical help next time."
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Diagnosing
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the nurse accountable for, according to the state nurse practice act?
A) Continuing education
B) Nursing diagnoses
C) Prescribing medications
D) Mentoring other nurses
Q2) A nurse is formulating a diagnosis for a client who is reliving a brutal mugging that took place several months ago. The client is crying uncontrollably and states that he "can't live with this fear." Which of the following diagnoses for this client is correctly written?
A) Post-trauma syndrome related to being attacked
B) Psychological overreaction related to being attacked
C) Needs assistance coping with attack
D) Mental distress related to being attacked
Q3) Which of the following reflects the diagnosis phase?
A) The nurse identifies that the client does not tolerate activity.
B) The nurse performs wound care using sterile technique.
C) The nurse sets a tolerable pain rating with the client.
D) The nurse documents the client's response to pain medication.
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Chapter 13: Outcome Identification and Planning
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not appropriate in writing client-centered measurable outcomes?
A) The client or a part of the client
B) A flexible time frame
C) Observable, measurable terms
D) The action the client will perform
Q2) The nurse develops long-term and short-term outcomes for a client admitted with asthma. Which of the following is an example of a long-term goal?
A) Client returns home verbalizing an understanding of contributing factors, medications, and signs and symptoms of an asthma attack.
B) By day 3 of hospitalization, the client verbalizes knowledge of factors that exacerbate the symptoms of asthma.
C) Within one hour of a nebulizer treatment, adventitious breath sounds and cough are decreased.
D) Within 72 hours of admission, the client's respiratory rate returns to normal and retractions disappear.
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15
Chapter 14: Implementing
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse is trying to determine factors influencing a client who is not following the plan of care. Which client statement identifies a potential factor interfering with following the plan of care? Select all that apply.
A) I don't drive so I was unable to fill my prescription.
B) I consult the list of low sodium foods when preparing meals.
C) My social security check does not come until next week.
D) I dropped the strips for my finger-stick blood glucose testing in the bath water.
E) "My daughter helps me with my range of motion exercises every morning and afternoon."
Q2) The nursing student is caring for a Native American client who is admitted for deep vein thrombosis. The nursing student speaks with a nurse regarding the client's lack of eye contact with the student. The nurse responds that Native Americans view eye contact as an invasion of privacy. Which error did the nursing student make?
A) Failure to act in partnership with the client.
B) Failure to approach the client caringly.
C) Failure to seek the client's input in the plan of care.
D) Failure to provide culturally sensitive care.
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Evaluating
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse witnessed a more senior nurse make six unsuccessful attempts at starting an intravenous (IV) line on a client. The senior nurse persisted, stating, "I refuse to admit defeat." This resulted in unnecessary pain for the client. How should the first nurse best respond to this colleague's incompetent practice?
A) Report the nurse's practice and have the nurse manager address the matter.
B) Encourage the nurse to attend an in-service on IV starts.
C) Reassure the nurse that this is a difficult skill and give her feedback on her performance.
D) Document an unmet outcome in the client's plan of care.
Q2) A nurse is evaluating the outcomes of a plan of care to teach an obese client about the calorie content of foods. What type of outcome is this?
A) Psychomotor
B) Affective
C) Physiologic
D) Cognitive
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Chapter 16: Documenting, Reporting, Conferring, and Using Informatics
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Sample Questions
Q1) A nurse is documenting client information using PIE charting. Which information would the nurse expect to document?
A) Client assessment
B) Intervention carried out
C) Written plan of care
D) Multidisciplinary interventions
Q2) A student has reviewed a client's chart before beginning assigned care. Which of the following actions violates client confidentiality?
A) Writing the client's name on the student care plan
B) Providing the instructor with plans for care
C) Discussing the medications with a unit nurse
D) Providing information to the physician about laboratory data
Q3) In what type of documentation method would a nurse document narrative notes in a nursing section?
A) Problem-oriented medical record
B) Source-oriented record
C) PIE charting system
D) Focus charting
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Chapter 17: Developmental Concepts
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nursing student is visiting a middle school with an assignment to observe and visit with students while walking around with the school nurse. Then nursing student is interested to learn that some students seem to be rebelling against authority figures like teachers and parents. The nursing student recalls that, according to Erikson's theory, this is not abnormal behavior. To which stage of Erikson's theory does this behavior belong?
A) Identity versus role confusion
B) Industry versus inferiority
C) Initiative versus guilt
D) Autonomy versus shame
Q2) Then nurse is caring for single, professional woman age 29 years, who was admitted with a severe gall bladder attack. The nurse visits with her and performs an assessment. The client is not married and fears a committed relationship because of a bad experience some years ago. The nurse knows that, according to Erikson's developmental theory, Judith is in danger of which of the following?
A) Isolation
B) Inferiority
C) Role confusion
D) Stagnation
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Page 19
Chapter 18: Conception Through Young Adult
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Sample Questions
Q1) A nurse is teaching a group of parents about the dangers of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). The nurse recommends that parents place their children on a firm surface laying on their:
A) left side.
B) right side.
C) abdomen.
D) back.
Q2) A student nurse reading a client's chart notes that the physician has documented an adolescent as prepubescent. What does the term prepubescent mean?
A) Adult secondary sex characteristics are present
B) Ova and sperm are produced by the reproductive organs
C) Reproductive organs do not yet produce ova and sperm
D) Active sexual behavior has been initiated
Q3) Which of the following would be an appropriate topic for a nurse to present at an elementary school PTA meeting?
A) Prevention of congenital anomalies
B) Dangers of smoking and drinking during pregnancy
C) Importance of bonding and attachment
D) Commonality of communicable diseases
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Page 20
Chapter 19: The Aging Adult
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dementia is a disorder that progresses over several years, with increasing confusion, forgetting family, and disorientation in familiar surroundings. A common problem with dementia patients is sundowning syndrome, which is described as ...
A) a behavior change at sunset as the client becomes more fatigued, listless, and disoriented.
B) occasional onset of marked confusion, wandering and feeling lost during the afternoon, before sunset.
C) habitual agitation, restlessness, and confusion that occurs after dark.
D) increasing sleeplessness at night because the patient cat-naps during the day.
Q2) The nurse is assigned to a 52-year-old male patient. He is talkative and usually friendly when the nurse enters his room. Today, however, he is standing at the mirror and says: I lost my job because the company downsized, there isn't anything I can do. As his caregiver, the nurse recognizes this expression of concern is related to which of the following?
A) He assumes the termination is his fault.
B) Dissatisfaction with changes in his appearance and energy levels.
C) His career goals and retirement plans are compromised.
D) He is in an androgenic crisis.
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Chapter 20: Communicator
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Sample Questions
Q1) The family of a client in a burn unit asks the nurse for information. The nurse sits with the family and discusses their concerns. What type of communication is this?
A) Intrapersonal
B) Interpersonal
C) Organizational
D) Focused
Q2) Which of the following should the nurse first consider when attempting to become culturally competent?
A) Personal cultural beliefs and prejudices
B) Understanding the client's response
C) Avoiding labeling clients
D) Treating the client with dignity
Q3) A nurse uses the SBAR method to hand off the communication to the health care team. Which of the following might be listed under the "B" of the acronym?
A) Vital signs
B) Mental status
C) Client request
D) Further testing
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22
Chapter 21: Teacher and Counselor
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Sample Questions
Q1) A male client age 42 years recovering from a MI is having difficulty following the care plan to stop smoking and exercise. What is the nurse's best response to this client?
A) Praise him for trying.
B) Tell him that he will have another MI and it will be his own fault.
C) Tell him that his cigarettes will be taken away if he smokes again.
D) Ignore the behavior and recommend a behavior modification program.
Q2) A nurse notices that a toddler is constantly snatching toys from the hands of other preschool children at the health care facility, placing the toddler and other children at risk for injury. Which of the following would be a most effective method for teaching the toddler not to snatch toys?
A) Ask the children to play another game.
B) Tell the toddler that God punishes children who snatch.
C) Give the toddler another toy with which to play.
D) Enlist the aid of the toddler's parents in education.
Q3) What word or phrase best describes an effective counselor?
A) Technically skilled
B) Knowledgeable
C) Practical
D) Caring
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Page 23
Chapter 22: Nurse Leader, Manager, and Care Coordinator
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Sample Questions
Q1) A nurse working on leadership skills should keep in mind which of the following accurate statements regarding leaders?
A) People are born leaders.
B) Leadership should be approached quickly.
C) Leaders develop leadership skills in undefined situations.
D) All nurse leaders began as inexperienced nurses.
Q2) In general, how do most people view change?
A) By how it affects the cohesiveness of the group
B) By how much it will cost in time and resources
C) By how they are affected personally
D) By how it will affect others on the staff
Q3) A nurse manager makes all of the decisions for staff activities. What type of leadership is demonstrated by this action?
A) Democratic
B) Self-governance
C) Laissez-faire
D) Autocratic
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Chapter 23: Asepsis and Infection Control
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Sample Questions
Q1) A nurse has completed morning care for a client. There is no visible soiling on her hands. What type of technique is recommended by the CDC for hand hygiene?
A) Do not wash hands, apply clean gloves.
B) Wash hands with soap and water.
C) Clean hands with an alcohol-based handrub.
D) Wash hands with soap and water, follow with handrub.
Q2) Which of the following questions asked by the nurse when taking a client's health history would collect data about infection control?
A) Tell me what you eat in each 24-hour period.
B) Do you sleep well and wake up feeling healthy?
C) What were the causes of death for your family members?
D) When did you complete your immunizations?
Q3) Which of the following most accurately defines an infection?
A) An illness resulting from living in an unclean environment
B) The result of lack of knowledge about food preparation
C) A disease resulting from pathogens in or on the body
D) An acute or chronic illness resulting from traumatic injury
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Chapter 24: Vital Signs
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Sample Questions
Q1) A home health care nurse notices that his assigned client uses a mercury thermometer. He asks the nurse what to do if it breaks. Which of the following is not correct?
A) "Just flush the glass and mercury down the toilet."
B) "Do not vacuum the area where it breaks."
C) "Open the windows and close off the room for an hour."
D) "Throw away any clothing exposed to the mercury."
Q2) What site for taking body temperature with a glass thermometer is contraindicated in clients who are unconscious?
A) Rectal
B) Tympanic
C) Oral
D) Axillary
Q3) The nurse at the beginning of the shift plans to see which client first, based on the following vital signs?
A) The client age 2 years whose respiratory rate is 16 breaths/minute
B) The newborn whose axillary temperature is 98.2 ºF (36.8 ºC)
C) The client age 7 years whose pulse is 120 beats/minute
D) The client age 10 years whose blood pressure is 102/62 mmHg
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Page 26
Chapter 25: Health Assessment
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Sample Questions
Q1) While assessing breath sounds, a nurse hears crackles. What causes these abnormal sounds?
A) Air in the lungs
B) A narrowing of the upper airway
C) Narrowed small air passages
D) Moisture in air passages
Q2) When conducting a physical assessment, what should the nurse assess and document about size and shape of body parts?
A) Actual measurements in centimeters
B) Symmetry (comparison of bilateral body parts)
C) Indications of general health status
D) Vital signs of all extremities (arms and legs)
Q3) A nurse assesses a client's eyes by testing the cardinal fields of vision for coordination and alignment. What eye characteristic is being assessed by this process?
A) Visual acuity
B) Extraocular movements
C) Peripheral vision
D) Existence of cataracts
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Chapter 26: Safety, Security, and Emergency Preparedness
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Q1) A nurse is admitting a client to a geriatric medicine unit following the client's recent diagnosis of acute renal failure. Which of the following nursing actions is most likely to reduce the client's chance of experiencing a fall while on the unit?
A) Orient the client to the room and environment thoroughly upon admission.
B) Provide the client with a bedpan to reduce the need to transfer to a commode or washroom.
C) Administer pain medications sparingly in order to minimize cognitive or musculoskeletal side effects.
D) Place the client in a shared room with a client who is stable and oriented.
Q2) An adolescent has recently had a ring inserted into her navel. Which of the following is the greatest risk facing the adolescent as a result of this activity?
A) A scar over the navel
B) A local and/or systemic infection
C) A greater acceptance by peers
D) A strained relationship with parents
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Chapter 27: Complementary and Alternative Therapies
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Q1) A client with rheumatoid arthritis complains of soreness in his joints. Which of the following homeopathic remedies might the nurse recommend for this client?
A) Arnica
B) Calendula
C) Nux vomica
D) Ignatia
Q2) A client informs a nurse practitioner that she takes the herb St. John's wort for symptoms of depression. The nurse recognizes herbal therapy as belonging to which complementary and alternative therapy (CAT) domain?
A) Biologically based practices
B) Energy medicine
C) Mind-body medicine
D) Manipulative practices
Q3) Which of the following is considered a holistic approach to food choices?
A) The carbonation in soft drinks is beneficial to health.
B) Vegetarian diets should be avoided because they limit options.
C) Avoid eating foods with preservatives.
D) Increase intake of natural sugar.
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Chapter 28: Medications
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Sample Questions
Q1) A physician writes an order for ampicillin 1 gram every 6 hours for a client. What is missing in this order?
A) Time
B) Amount
C) Route
D) Frequency
Q2) A client with dry skin has been prescribed inunction. Which of the following should the nurse do to promote absorption of the ointment?
A) Shaking the contents of the ointment
B) Applying inunction with a cotton ball
C) Rubbing the ointment into the skin
D) Warming the inunction before application
Q3) A nurse is conducting an interview for a health history. In addition to asking the client about medications being taken, what else should be asked to assess the risk for drug interactions?
A) The effects of prescribed medications
B) Type and amount of foods eaten
C) Daily amount of intake and output
D) Use of herbal supplements
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Page 30
Chapter 29: Perioperative Nursing
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Q1) A diabetic client is undergoing surgery to amputate a gangrenous foot. This procedure would be considered which of the following categories of surgery based on purpose?
A) Diagnostic
B) Ablative
C) Palliative
D) Reconstructive
Q2) A client scheduled for major surgery will receive general anesthesia. Why is inhalation anesthesia often used to provide the desired actions?
A) Rapid excretion and reversal of effects
B) Safe administration in the client's own room
C) Involves only the respiratory system and skin
D) Slow onset of action and maintains reflexes
Q3) A nurse working in a PACU is responsible for conducting assessments on immediate postoperative clients. What is the purpose of these assessments?
A) To determine the length of time to recover from anesthesia
B) To use intraoperative data as a basis for comparison
C) To focus on cardiovascular data and findings
D) To prevent complications from anesthesia and surgery
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Page 31
Chapter 30: Hygiene
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Q1) Which of the following clients ia at an increased risk for oral problems? Select all that apply.
A) Comatose client
B) Confused client
C) Depressed client
D) Client undergoing chemotherapy
E) Hypertensive client
Q2) The nurse has completed bed bath on a client who is obese. The client asks you to sprinkle baby powder in the perineal area. Which of the following actions is correct?
A) Inform the client that baby powder is not used because it may become a medium for bacterial growth.
B) Carefully apply baby powder to skin folds only.
C) Pour a small amount of powder into the hand and gently pat the perineal area while avoiding aerosolization of the powder.
D) Apply a generous amount of baby powder to all areas where skin touches skin.
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Chapter 31: Skin Integrity and Wound Care
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Q1) While performing a bed bath, the nurse notes an area of tissue injury on the client's sacral area. The wound presents as a shallow open ulcer with a red-pink wound bed and partial thickness loss of dermis. Which of the following is the correct name of this wound?
A) Stage II pressure ulcer
B) Stage I pressure ulcer
C) Stage III pressure ulcer
D) Stage IV pressure ulcer
Q2) Which is an example of a closed wound?
A) Abrasion
B) Ecchymosis
C) Incision
D) Puncture wound
Q3) A young man who has had a traumatic mid-thigh amputation of his right leg refuses to look at the wound during dressing changes. Which response by the nurse is appropriate?
A) "Oh, for gosh sakes it doesn't look that bad!"
B) "I understand, but you are going to have to look someday."
C) "I respect your wish not to look at it right now."
D) "You won't be able to go home until you look at it."
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Page 33
Chapter 32: Activity
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Q1) Which of the following activities is normally acquired in the toddler years? Select all that apply.
A) Rolling over
B) Pulling to a standing position
C) Walking
D) Running
E) Jumping
Q2) A client 80 years of age experienced dysphagia (impaired swallowing) in the weeks following a recent stroke, but his care team wishes to now begin introducing minced and pureed food. How should the nurse best position the client?
A) Fowler's
B) Low-Fowler's
C) Protective supine
D) Semi-Fowler's
Q3) Which postural deformity might be assessed in a teenager?
A) Kyphosis
B) Rickets
C) Osteoporosis
D) Scoliosis
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Page 34
Chapter 33: Rest and Sleep
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Q1) What condition have studies confirmed occurs when adults and children do not get recommended hours of sleep at night?
A) Obesity
B) Anxiety
C) Diabetes
D) Hypertension
Q2) What name is given to the rhythmic biologic clock that exists in humans?
A) Sleep-wake cycle
B) Alert-unaware process
C) Circadian rhythm
D) Yo-yo theory
Q3) Which of the following is the most common sleep disorder?
A) Hypersomnia
B) Parasomnia
C) Insomnia
D) Dyssomnia
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Chapter 34: Comfort and Pain Management
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Q1) Of the following individuals, who can best determine the experience of pain?
A) The person who has the pain
B) The person's immediate family
C) The nurse caring for the client
D) The physician diagnosing the cause
Q2) Pet therapy is commonly used in long-term facilities for distraction. If a client is experiencing pain and the pain is temporarily decreased while petting a visiting dog or cat, this is an example of which type of distraction technique?
A) Tactile kinesthetic distraction
B) Visual distraction
C) Auditory distraction
D) Project distraction
Q3) A client tells the nurse that she is experiencing stabbing pain in her mouth, gums, teeth, and chin following brushing her teeth. These are symptoms of which of the following pain syndromes?
A) Complex regional pain syndrome
B) Postherpetic neuralgia
C) Trigeminal neuralgia
D) Diabetic neuropathy
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Chapter 35: Nutrition
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Q1) A nurse is discussing infant care with a woman who just had a baby girl. What type of nutrition would the nurse recommend for the infant?
A) Solid foods after the first month
B) No solid foods until age 1 year
C) Bottle feeding with cow's milk
D) Breast-feeding or formula with iron
Q2) A client visits a health care facility with complaints of loss of appetite following a prolonged illness. How should the nurse document the client's condition?
A) Emaciation
B) Cachexia
C) Anorexia
D) Nausea
Q3) A nurse is feeding a client. Which of the following statements would help a person maintain dignity while being fed?
A) "I am going to feed you your cereal first, and then your eggs."
B) "I wish I had more time so I could feed you all of your meal."
C) "I know you don't like me to feed you, but you need to eat."
D) "What part of your dinner would you like to eat first?"
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Chapter 36: Urinary Elimination
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Q1) A client has been taught how to do Kegel exercises. What statement by the client indicates a need for further information?
A) "I understand these will help me control stress incontinence."
B) "I know this is also called pelvic floor muscle training."
C) "I will do these 30 to 80 times a day for two months."
D) "I will contract the muscles in my abdomen and thighs."
Q2) A nurse is initiating a 24-hour urine collection for a client at home. What will be the first thing the nurse will ask the client to do at the beginning of the specimen collection?
A) Void and discard the urine.
B) Begin the collection at a specific time.
C) Add the first voiding to the specimen.
D) Keep the urine warm during collection.
Q3) A nurse has catheterized a client to obtain urine for measuring postvoid residual (PVR) amount. The nurse obtains 40 mL of urine. What should the nurse do next?
A) Report this abnormal finding to the physician.
B) Perform another catheterization to verify the amount.
C) Document this normal finding for postvoid residual.
D) Palpate the abdomen for a distended bladder.
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Chapter 37: Bowel Elimination
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Q1) A client tells the nurse, "I increased my fiber, but I am very constipated." What further information does the nurse need to tell the client?
A) "Just give it a few more days and you should be fine."
B) "Well, that shouldn't happen. Let me recommend a good laxative for you."
C) "When you increase fiber in your diet, you also need to increase liquids."
D) "I will tell the doctor you are having problems; maybe he can help."
Q2) A client has had frequent watery stools (diarrhea) for an extended period of time. The client also has decreased skin turgor and dark urine. Based on these data, which nursing diagnosis would be appropriate?
A) Imbalanced Nutrition: Less than Body Requirements
B) Deficient Fluid Volume
C) Impaired Tissue Integrity
D) Impaired Urinary Elimination
Q3) A client is on bedrest, and an enema has been ordered. In what position should the nurse position the client?
A) Fowler's
B) Sims'
C) Prone
D) Sitting
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Page 39
Chapter 38: Oxygenation and Perfusion
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Q1) A nurse is educating a client who has congested lungs how to keep secretions thin, and more easily coughed up and expectorated. What would be one self-care measure to teach?
A) Limit oral intake of fluids to less than 500 mL per day.
B) Increase oral intake of fluids to two to three quarts per day.
C) Maintain bed rest for at least three days.
D) Take warm baths every night for a week.
Q2) A nurse is caring for a client who suddenly begins to have respiratory difficulty. In what position would the nurse place the client to facilitate respirations?
A) Supine
B) Prone
C) High-Fowler's
D) Dorsal recumbent
Q3) Of all factors, what is the most important risk factor in pulmonary disease?
A) Air pollution from vehicles
B) Dangerous chemicals in the workplace
C) Active and passive cigarette smoke
D) Loss of the ozone layer of the atmosphere
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Chapter 39: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance
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Q1) A nurse is changing a peripheral venous access dressing for a client. Which of the following is a recommended step in this procedure?
A) Observe clean technique to minimize the possibility of contamination.
B) Cleanse site thoroughly with sterile saline, or according to facility policy.
C) Apply chlorhexidine using a back and forth friction scrub for at least 30 seconds.
D) Wipe or blot the site dry and allow to dry completely before covering.
Q2) A client scheduled for surgery has arranged for an autologous transfusion. What type of blood transfusion is this?
A) The client's family members have been donors.
B) The client donates his or her own blood.
C) The client's blood has been rendered sterile.
D) The client will only need fluids, not blood.
Q3) What is the average adult fluid intake and loss in each 24 hours?
A) 500 to 1,000 mL
B) 1,000 to 1,500 mL
C) 1,500 to 2,000 mL
D) 1,500 to 3500 mL
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Chapter 40: Self-Concept
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Q1) A nurse visits a diabetic client age 60 years in his home after the client's above-the-knee amputation of his left leg. The client appears disheveled and with poor hygiene. He also avoids making eye contact with the nurse. Which of the following is likely to occur as a result of the client's reduced self-esteem?
A) Lethargy
B) Withdrawal
C) Self-care deficit
D) Lack of interest
Q2) A female client, prominent in the local media, has had surgery for a colostomy. The client avoids looking at the colostomy and refuses visitors. Identify the most appropriate nursing diagnosis.
A) Altered self-esteem related to colostomy and poor self-image
B) Disturbed body image related to colostomy as evidenced by avoidance of colostomy
C) Fear of rejection by others related to colostomy and altered self-image
D) Altered role performance related to inability to cope with visitors
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Chapter 41: Stress and Adaptation
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Q1) A client has been brought to the health care facility with accident-related injuries. During the initial interview, the client becomes agitated, upset and is unable to answer any more of the nurse's questions. What does the nurse conclude about the condition of the client?
A) The client's mind is preparing for a fight-or-flight response as he relates the incident.
B) The client's mind is numb, and he is not able to react to further questions from the nurse.
C) The brain is receiving less oxygen with each passing minute, which does not allow him to speak.
D) The brain is sending chemicals to the bloodstream that make the client afraid of the questions.
Q2) A client responds to bad news regarding test results by crying uncontrollably. What is the term for this response to a stressor?
A) Adaptation
B) Homeostasis
C) Coping mechanism
D) Defense mechanism
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Chapter 42: Loss, Grief, and Dying
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Q1) A dying client and family have requested that no attempts be made to resuscitate the client in the event of death. A doctor has written a DNR order. What is the nurse's responsibility if the client dies?
A) Follow his or her own conscience and perform CPR.
B) Make no attempt to resuscitate the client.
C) Follow a verbal physician's order for a slow code.
D) If the client is at home, call 911 and begin CPR.
Q2) According to the Harvard University Medical School committee, what function must be irreversibly lost to define death?
A) Respiratory functions
B) Reflexes
C) Consciousness
D) Brain function
Q3) A dying client is crying. She states, Why me, Lord?" and "I can't pray." What would be an appropriate nursing diagnosis based on this data?
A) Psycho-spiritual distress
B) Low self esteem
C) Ineffective coping
D) Knowledge deficit related to praying
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Page 44
Chapter 43: Sensory Functioning
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Q1) A nurse is assessing a client on the first day after major abdominal surgery. Which of the following internal stimuli would be increased and affect client responses?
A) Lights and noise
B) Visitors and caregivers
C) Intravenous lines, pain
D) Ambulating, coughing
Q2) A community health nurse is conducting a seminar on vision self-care. What might be one topic included in the education plan?
A) Wear sunglasses when working outside.
B) Close the eyes when working with chemicals.
C) Use over-the-counter eye drops when necessary.
D) When using aerosol sprays, spray toward self.
Q3) What type of cognitive responses might a nurse assess in a client with sensory deprivation?
A) Uncoordinated movements, altered sense of smell
B) Decreased attention span, difficulty problem solving
C) Apathy, depression
D) Rapid mood changes, anxiety
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Chapter 44: Sexuality
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Q1) The nurse is providing sexual education to a group of teenagers. One of the class members reports feeling sexually aroused when her boyfriend strokes her arms. The nurse points out that the human body has many erogenous zones, the largest being which of the following?
A) Skin
B) Brain
C) Genitalia
D) Breasts
Q2) The clinic nurse sees the client today and asks about his chief complaint. The client describes to the nurse his inability to attain an erection. Which of the following would be a priority for the nurse to assess? Choose all that apply.
A) Medication history
B) Specifics about sexual problem
C) Sleep history
D) Physical activity history
E) History of diabetes
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Chapter 45: Spirituality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Then nurse is caring for a hospice client who tells the nurse that she is worried about how she has treated a younger sister. She asks the nurse how to make things right. The nurse recognizes this as which of the following spiritual needs?
A) Meaning
B) Forgiveness
C) Purpose
D) Love
Q2) A nurse has developed a plan of care to meet the needs of a client with the nursing diagnosis of Spiritual Distress. What would be an expected outcome?
A) Identify factors in life that challenge spiritual beliefs.
B) Attend church services on a weekly basis.
C) Share feelings about religion with other health care providers.
D) Commit to reading passages from the Bible daily.
Q3) What factor is necessary to express and experience spirituality?
A) Quiet time in isolation from others
B) Membership in an organized religion
C) Long-term suffering and pain
D) Connectedness with other people
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