Nursing Research
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Course Introduction
Nursing Research explores the fundamental principles and methodologies of scientific inquiry relevant to nursing practice. The course introduces students to the research process, including identifying research problems, formulating hypotheses, reviewing literature, designing studies, collecting and analyzing data, and interpreting findings. Emphasis is placed on evidence-based practice, ethical considerations, and the application of research outcomes to improve patient care. Students will develop critical appraisal skills to evaluate research studies and learn how to integrate research results into clinical decision-making, ultimately fostering a culture of inquiry and continual improvement within the nursing profession.
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Nursing Research 7th Edition by
Geri LoBiondo Wood
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18 Chapters
617 Verified Questions
617 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Integrating the Processes of Research and
Evidence-Based Practice
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse researcher is analyzing a quantitative research article.Where should the researcher expect to find a discussion of the findings of the research?
A) In "procedure" or "data analysis"
B) In "methods" or "instruments"
C) In "sample" or "subjects"
D) In "results" or "discussion"
Answer: D
Q2) How is nursing research significant to the profession of nursing?
A) It allows nursing responsibility to be more specifically defined.
B) It allows liability within the practice of nursing to be decreased.
C) It allows a specialized body of knowledge to be generated for use in health care delivery.
D) It allows the scope of nursing practice to be expanded into areas formerly reserved for other disciplines.
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: Research Questions, hypotheses, and Clinical Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) What type of format is demonstrated by the following research question: "What is the lived experience of late-stage pregnancy loss among women over age 35? "
A) Correlational
B) Comparative nonexperimental
C) Quantitative experimental
D) Phenomenologic
Answer: D
Q2) Which research problem is testable for the nurse researcher as currently written?
A) Should mothers addicted to crack cocaine be permitted to raise their children?
B) Is the classroom an appropriate place to teach sex education to 10-year-old children?
C) Are elders residing in assisted-living facilities satisfied with their level of social interaction?
D) Is a positive HIV/AIDS status sufficient rationale for limiting the employment of elementary school teachers?
Answer: C
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4
Chapter 3: Gathering and Appraising the Literature
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Sample Questions
Q1) How is a review of the literature most effectively organized?
A) Retrieved materials
B) Theoretical summaries
C) Importance of the author
D) Variables being studied
Answer: D
Q2) The nurse researcher is conducting a review of the literature for a qualitative study.How should a review of the literature differ for reports of qualitative studies when compared with reports of quantitative studies?
A) Reviews of the literature have no role in qualitative research.
B) Articles for literature reviews in qualitative studies are largely drawn from secondary sources.
C) Often, the literature review for a qualitative study is not conducted until after the study is completed.
D) The processes involved in literature review are the same for both qualitative and quantitative studies.
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Introduction to Qualitative Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) Use of the "theory of relatedness" to describe women's relationships,without substantiation in the data,would be an example of which category of qualitative findings?
A) Restricted by a priori (existing theory) frameworks
B) Descriptive categories
C) Shared pathway or meaning
D) Depiction of experiential variation
Q2) Which research topic would most likely be studied through a qualitative research approach?
A) The meaning of health and health promotion among low-income Southern rural women
B) Changes in hope and coping in older adults during rehabilitation after hip fracture
C) Exercise effects on fatigue and emotional distress during radiation therapy for breast cancer
D) Older adults and HIV/AIDS: the relationship of perceived risk and willingness to interact with individuals with HIV/AIDS
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Chapter 5: Qualitative Approaches to Research
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Q1) Which qualitative research approach is most commonly used by nurse researchers for the purpose of theory building?
A) Case study
B) Phenomenology
C) Grounded theory
D) Ethnographic method
Q2) The nurse researcher has chosen to use the phenomenologic method.What features distinguish the intensive dialogue the researcher will use in this method from a simple interview?
A) Notes are made about the participant's responses during the interview.
B) The researcher is fully engaged, becoming a thoughtful presence during the interview.
C) The questions posed during the interview were developed before the actual interview occurred.
D) The researcher completes the questionnaire for the participant to avoid misunderstanding or confusion.
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Chapter 6: Appraising Qualitative Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is qualitative research designed to describe?
A) Results of hypothesis testing
B) Definitive conclusions to research questions
C) Findings generated from large, randomly selected samples
D) Insiders' view of a phenomenon
Q2) What are the conceptual analysis points included in DeWitt and Ploeg's proposed framework for assessment of rigor in interpretive phenomenology? ( Select all that are applicable ).
A) Creditability
B) Balanced integration
C) Auditability
D) Fittingness
E) Openness
F) Concreteness
G) Transferability
H) Confirmability
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8
Chapter 7: Introduction to Quantitative Research
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Q1) The nurse researcher is designing a quantitative research study.What is the overall purpose of research design?
A) To determine sample size
B) To identify the problem statement
C) To aid in the solution of a research question
D) To assist the researcher in identifying gaps in knowledge
Q2) Why would a nurse researcher choose to assign randomly the subjects in a study?
A) To ensure that all groups within a study are representative of the larger population
B) To increase the chances that the study groups will be different from each other with regard to extraneous variables
C) To ensure that current events do not influence the outcomes of the study
D) To eliminate the need for establishing specific study criteria and subject eligibility
Q3) When would the issue of control be less important in a quantitative study?
A) When a statistically significant analysis is used
B) When an exploratory research design is used
C) When an experimental research design is used
D) When a correlational research design is used
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9
Chapter 8: Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs
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Q1) Which statement about the threats to internal validity present in a quasi-experimental study using a nonequivalent control group design is most accurate?
A) The study results will not be statistically significant.
B) The study can be strengthened by identifying and controlling threats to internal validity.
C) The results of the study cannot be generalized beyond the actual population studied.
D) Observation rather than causation is the purpose.
Q2) Which designs would be considered experimental? (Select all that apply.)
A) Nonequivalent control group design
B) After-only design
C) True experiment (pretest-posttest control group) design
D) After-only nonequivalent control group design
E) Solomon four-group design
F) One group (pretest-posttest) design
G) Time-series design
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10
Chapter 9: Nonexperimental Designs
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Q1) Why would a nurse researcher choose an ex post facto design over more a correlational design?
A) It is easier to carry out.
B) The independent variable can be manipulated.
C) There is a greater degree of control in the design.
D) There is increased flexibility for study when relationships among the variables are complex.
Q2) How are the longitudinal study and the prospective study similar?
A) Each moves forward in time.
B) Each has an experimental focus.
C) Each is able to establish causal relationships.
D) Each selects different samples from the same population at various periods of time.
Q3) What type of research will assist a nurse researcher in focusing on the theory and development of measurement instruments?
A) Meta-analysis
B) Psychometrics
C) Methodology
D) Data management
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11
Chapter 10: Sampling
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Q1) The nurse researcher is attempting to determine whether a study is replicable.What factors should be considered when determining this? (Select all that apply)
A) Sampling strategy used
B) Cost of sampling approach selected
C) Demographic characteristics of the sample
D) Inclusion criteria
E) Ethical consequences of recruiting subjects for the study
F) Exclusion criteria
G) Screening and enrollment protocol
Q2) The nurse researcher is attempting to develop a purposive sampling strategy as part of a research study.What criteria will be used to determine whether the strategy is purposive? (Select all that apply).
A) Validation of scale with a known-group technique
B) Focus of study population relates to specific diagnosis.
C) Focus of study population relates to broad, general topic.
D) Effective posttesting of instruments
E) Collection of exploratory data
F) Collection of descriptive data
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12
Chapter 11: Legal and Ethical Issues
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Sample Questions
Q1) What criterion must be met to include prisoners as subjects in a research study?
A) The research must have direct relevance to the prison population.
B) The prisoner must receive compensation in some form for his or her participation.
C) At least two witnesses are required to demonstrate that the prisoner was not coerced to participate.
D) Prisoners selected as participants must either have life sentences or death sentences.
Q2) When did the United States government mandate that all research studies must be reviewed and approved by an IRB?
A) 1946
B) 1964
C) 1973
D) 1984
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13
Chapter 12: Data-Collection Methods
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Q1) The nurse researcher is concerned about bias in observation methods.Which data-collection method should the researcher be aware is most vulnerable to the bias of the researcher?
A) Questionnaires
B) Available data
C) Observation methods
D) Physiologic measurement
Q2) Which data-collection method would be most appropriate in studying bullying behavior in elementary school aged girls?
A) An unstructured interview
B) Asking parents about their children's experience with bullying
C) Responses of the children on a paper-and-pencil bullying scale
D) Concealment of the researcher without intervention in children's behavior
Q3) The nurse researcher wants to use a data-collection method with the lowest possible refusal rate.Which type of data-collection method be would be most appropriate?
A) Closed-ended questionnaire
B) Open-ended questionnaire
C) Physiologic measurement
D) Interview
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Chapter 13: Reliability and Validity
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Q1) What is the method or format of the Cronbach's alpha coefficient that a nurse researcher can expect to use as a test for reliability?
A) Comparison of each item in the scale simultaneously with each other item
B) Determination of the correlation between the odd- and even-numbered items of an instrument
C) Determination of a correlation based on the consistency of responses to all items of a single-test form
D) Demonstration of a high degree of agreement when the behavior or change is observed by two or more observers
Q2) An ear temperature probe that consistently reports body temperature at 0.8° C lower than actual body temperature has what type of reliability or validity problem?
A) Reduced reliability, systematic error
B) Reduced validity, random error
C) Increased validity, systematic error
D) Increased validity, random error
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15
Chapter 14: Data Analysis: Descriptive and Inferential Statistics
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Q1) When would a nurse researcher opt to use measures of central tendency?
A) When there is a need to describe how reliably the findings can be generalized
B) When there is a need to describe how much dispersion is in the sample
C) When there is a need to describe the accuracy of predictions made
D) When there is a need to describe the average member of the sample
Q2) The nurse researcher is using a research study that involved categories of patient weights.What level of measurement would be most appropriate in this study?
A) Nominal
B) Ordinal
C) Interval
D) Ratio
Q3) A measure of anxiety produced a mean score of 5.4 with an SD of 1.6.Where would 68% of the scores fall?
A) Between 2.2 and 8.6
B) Between 3.8 and 7.0
C) Between 3.8 and 5.4
D) Between 5.4 and 7.0
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Understanding Research Findings
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are considered to be characteristics of a good table? (Select all that apply).
A) It supplements and economizes the text.
B) It repeats text frequently for added emphasis.
C) It has precise titles and headings.
D) It does not repeat the text.
E) There is creativity in the presentation of data.
Q2) What should investigators demonstrate when they report results?
A) Subjectivity
B) Appropriateness
C) Objectivity
D) Inference
Q3) When discussing the results,what facilitates the presentation of large amounts of data?
A) Subjective presentation
B) Inferential statistics
C) Tables and figures
D) Descriptive statistics
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Chapter 16: Appraising Quantitative Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a study by Koenes and Karshmer titled "Depression: a comparison study between blind and sighted adolescents," no hypothesis is present.Does the lack of a hypothesis in this study represent a weakness? Why or why not?
A) Not a weakness; study is descriptive.
B) Not a weakness; study is quasi-experimental.
C) Is a weakness; study is descriptive.
D) Is a weakness; study is quasi-experimental.
Q2) Where in a report of a quantitative research study would you expect the gaps or conflicts about the phenomenon studied to be identified?
A) Analysis of data
B) Research design
C) Problem statement
D) Review of the literature
Q3) What should be a part of the critique of a quantitative research report?
A) Applying the findings in clinical practice
B) Summarizing the major steps of the research process
C) Constructively evaluating a study for its strengths and weaknesses
D) Determining whether the phenomenon studied by participants can be recognized as their own
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Page 18
Chapter 17: Developing an Evidence-Based Practice
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Q1) What is a useful approach that a nurse researcher can use to evaluate an EBP standard after providers have it written?
A) Nursing staff meeting
B) Focus group
C) Patient safety committee
D) Quality improvement committee
Q2) The nurse researcher is synthesizing the findings from research critiques and is creating a summary table.Essential information to include in such a summary includes:
A) Stakeholders involved
B) Objectives of the study
C) Type of research design
D) Evaluation of study findings' usefulness
Q3) What should the nurse researcher who is involved in conduct of research plan to accomplish?
A) Active interchange with active care practitioners
B) Dissemination of findings via research reports
C) Determining applicability of findings for practice
D) Use of randomized controlled trials
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19
Chapter 18: Tools for Applying Evidence to Practice
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Q1) Applying study results to individual patients or to a specific patient population and communicating findings to patients in a meaningful way is the hallmark of:
A) Scientific perspectives
B) Clinical practice
C) Meta-analysis
D) EBP
Q2) How should the nurse researcher interpret an odds ratio greater than 1.0?
A) This means there is no difference in the odds of an event occurring between the experimental and control groups.
B) The event is less likely in the treatment group than the control group.
C) The event is more likely to occur in the treatment group than the control group.
D) Percent increase in risk of the event that is added after considering the percent of risk that
Would occur anyway.
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