Course Introduction
Nursing Research Practice Questions
Nursing Research explores the fundamental principles and methodologies of scientific inquiry as applied to nursing practice. The course covers research design, data collection and analysis techniques, and the critical evaluation of research literature. Students learn to identify research problems, formulate research questions and hypotheses, and examine ethical considerations in conducting studies involving human subjects. Through both theoretical concepts and practical examples, the course emphasizes the importance of evidence-based practice, preparing students to integrate research findings into clinical decision-making and contribute to the advancement of nursing knowledge.
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Nursing Research in Canada 4th Edition by
Geri LoBiondo Wood
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Role of Research in Nursing
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Q1) Taking into account the future priorities of nursing research,which of the following studies would most likely be funded by the Canadian Health Services Research Foundation (CHSRF)? A study to
A) examine trajectories of depressive symptoms, self-esteem, and expressed anger in the critical years of emerging adulthood (ages 18 to 25).
B) identify reasons for lower organ donation rates
C) fill a gap in the literature about the vulnerability for elder abuse, exploitation, and neglect as expressed by older Indigenous, Caucasian, and South Asian e custodial grandfathers.
D) determine whether a brief education and counselling intervention delivered by a nurse can reduce prehospital delay in the face of symptoms.
Answer: D
Q2) A key step to the development of nursing research was
A) the endowment of nursing research chairs.
B) universities offering baccalaureate nursing programs.
C) a baccalaureate degree becoming the entry to practice.
D) the Canadian Nurses Association developing a research mandate.
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Theoretical Framework
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Q1) During a class examination,the course instructor notes that a student who usually does poorly in class tests has shaking hands,knocks over a bottle of water,breaks the points of two pencils,makes many erasures,and wrinkles her computer score sheet.The instructor concludes that the student has test anxiety.What type of reasoning is demonstrated by the instructor?
A) Inductive reasoning
B) Deductive reasoning
C) Theoretical reasoning
D) Faulty reasoning
Answer: A
Q2) A theory would be described as
A) prediction of the outcomes of a study.
B) an image that represents an abstract idea.
C) set of interrelated concepts that can explain a phenomenon.
D) a general framework to identify factors related to a phenomenon.
Answer: C
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4
Chapter 3: Critical Reading Strategies: Overview of the Research Process
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Q1) Which level of understanding for critical reading is demonstrated by a reader who views the focus of inquiry from an integrated perspective,with a deep understanding of the interrelated sections of the study?
A) Analysis understanding
B) Synthesis understanding
C) Preliminary understanding
D) Comprehensive understanding
Answer: B
Q2) Which of the following is the best approach to use when reading a research report for the first time?
A) Reading the entire article for specific content, then looking up cited journal articles
B) First reading the conclusions carefully and then skimming the rest of the article
C) Breaking the content into parts to understand each aspect of the study
D) Reading the title and abstract closely and then skimming the content
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Developing Research Questions, Hypotheses, and Clinical Questions
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Q1) Which of the following hypotheses fails to meet the criteria of testability?
A) Proper hand washing prevents the spread of infection.
B) A consistent routine of low-impact aerobic exercising will increase coordination among older adults.
C) Patients who use guided imagery during MRI procedures will have reduced perceptions of emotional distress compared with patients who do not use guided imagery.
D) Postoperative patients who receive round-the-clock scheduled analgesics will have lower levels of pain compared with postoperative patients who receive analgesics on a PRN schedule.
Q2) What type of hypothesis is demonstrated by the following statement? "There will be no difference in the number of adverse events among patients discharged 2 days after an abdominal hysterectomy compared with patients discharged 4 days after an abdominal hysterectomy."
A) Nondirectional hypothesis
B) Directional hypothesis
C) Deductive hypothesis
D) Null hypothesis
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Chapter 5: Finding and Appraising the Literature
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Q1) Which of the following statements about literature review for research purposes is true?
A) Literature review has no relevance to interpreting the findings.
B) The researcher needs to review only the literature that supports the findings.
C) The researcher should review literature that supports the findings and also literature that refutes the findings.
D) Literature review is of relevance to the conceptualization of the study.
Q2) Which of the following characteristics is associated specifically with a refereed journal?
A) The articles are critiqued by a panel of experts.
B) The articles selected for publication relate to a specific field of knowledge.
C) Competition occurs among authors to have their articles published in this journal.
D) The journal publishes only articles that are primary sources of research findings.
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Chapter 6: Legal and Ethical Issues
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Q1) Which statements,descriptions,or pieces of information are considered an essential element of the informed consent form for a research study?
A) "Patients who were contacted by study personnel and who signed (or whose proxy signed) informed consent were enrolled in the study cohort."
B) "The research has been reviewed and approved by the Human Participants' Review Committee, which include Jane Doe and John Smith."
C) "If you have any concerns about the conduct of this study or your rights as a research participant, please contact Jay Tee, lead investigator for this project at "
D) "You have been randomly assigned to the intervention group, which will receive a new experimental drug developed to prevent breast cancer."
Q2) The Research Ethics Board (REB)is responsible for
A) approval of the research design.
B) protecting participants from undue risk.
C) ensuring that informed consent is obtained.
D) promotion of nursing research in health care institutions.
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Chapter 7: Introduction to Qualitative Research
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Q1) In which of the following instances should a qualitative research design be used instead of a quantitative research design?
A) When time for data collection is limited
B) When the research questions are clinical in nature
C) When the goal is to view the experience in the same way as those who are having the experience view it
D) When the researcher is a novice and has minimal experience or skill in scientific problem solving
Q2) Which of the following factors in a research report indicates that the study used a qualitative design?
A) Hypotheses are stated.
B) The sample is described as convenient.
C) Study participants are described as informants.
D) Participants were asked to complete a forced-choice questionnaire to measure their understanding of the topic.
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Chapter 8: Qualitative Approaches to Research
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Q1) Which of the following features distinguishes intensive dialogue from a simple interview?
A) The researcher makes detailed notes about the participant's responses during the interview.
B) The researcher is fully engaged, becoming a thoughtful presence during the interview.
C) The researcher develops the interview questions before the actual interview occurs.
D) The researcher completes the questionnaire for the participant to avoid any misunderstanding or confusion.
Q2) Which of the following data-gathering techniques is accepted in the grounded theory approach but not in the phenomenological approach?
A) Face-to-face interview
B) Recorded interview
C) Participant-written response to written questions
D) Skilled observation of individuals in a social setting
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Chapter 9: Introduction to Quantitative Research
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Q1) For which of these reasons would a nurse researcher choose to assign participants randomly to groups in a study?
A) To help ensure that all groups within a study are representative of the larger population
B) To increase the chance that the study groups will be different from each other with regard to extraneous variables
C) To help ensure that current events do not influence the outcomes of the study
D) To eliminate the need for establishing specific study criteria and participant eligibility
Q2) Which of these situations describes a reactive (Hawthorne)effect?
A) Control participants in an intervention study to reduce anxiety also experience a reduction in anxiety.
B) The participants in an intervention support group continue the support group after the study has ended.
C) Participants become concerned after learning that they received a placebo, not the treatment, during the study.
D) Study participants want to know the outcomes of the study after it is completed.
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Chapter 10: Experimental and Quasiexperimental Designs
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Q1) Which of the following is a purpose of evaluation research in nursing?
A) Documenting the cost effectiveness of new nursing interventions
B) Discovering the health beliefs of a specific ethnic group
C) Defining the cause-and-effect relationship in poor surgical outcomes
D) Describing various models of health care delivery
Q2) A study was conducted to determine if videotaped instruction was more effective than written instruction (a pamphlet)to teach menopausal women the benefits of regular mammograms.Which condition would be considered an antecedent variable?
A) There were 38 participants in the pamphlet group and 34 participants in the videotape group.
B) During the study, 50% of the videotape group received flu shots, whereas 25% of those in the pamphlet group received flu shots.
C) Four members of the pamphlet group had mothers who had been received a diagnosis of breast cancer, but no members of the videotape group had mothers who had been received a diagnosis of breast cancer.
D) While participating in the study, five members of the videotape group began performing breast self-examination (BSE), while two members of the pamphlet group began performing BSE.
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Chapter 11: Non-Experimental Designs
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Q1) In which study design do participants serve as their own controls,allowing early trends in the data to emerge?
A) Cross-sectional
B) Ex post facto
C) Retrospective
D) Longitudinal
Q2) What is the major characteristic of a retrospective,or ex post facto,study?
A) Obtaining informed consent is not an important issue in a retrospective study.
B) Maximal opportunity to manipulate the independent variable exists in a retrospective study.
C) In a retrospective study, the dependent variable is measured multiple times to examine the effect of maturation.
D) The dependent variable has already been affected by the independent variable in a retrospective study.
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Chapter 12: Sampling
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Q1) Which factor or condition of a sample meets the criterion for representativeness?
A) The sample is drawn randomly from the general population without the use of specific criteria.
B) The characteristics of the sample closely resemble the characteristics of the larger target population.
C) The sample includes the same percentage of men and women as well as members of different ethnic groups as the general population does.
D) The participants selected for the sample have agreed to express the specific opinions or beliefs representative of their ethnic or cultural group.
Q2) What can a nurse researcher use to restrict the study population to homogeneous groups of participants?
A) Sampling
B) Self-selection
C) Eligibility criteria
D) Defining study limitations
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Chapter 13: Data Collection Methods
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Q1) What are the steps involved in instrument development?
A) Clarify the target population
B) Define concept to be measured
C) Develop items
D) Estimate reliability and validity
E) Statistically analyze individual items
F) Develop implications from the item analysis
Q2) A nurse researcher is developing a new instrument based on the caring behaviours of nurses.Put the process of this instrument's development in the appropriate order.
1)Generating the caring instrument items
2)Identifying the nurse population
3)Assessing caring items for content validity
4)Developing user instructions
5)Defining caring behaviours of nurses
A) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
B) 5, 4, 3, 2, 1
C) 5, 2, 1, 3, 4
D) 3, 4, 1, 2, 5
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Chapter 14: Rigour in Research
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Q1) A nurse researcher describes an instrument that produces the same result when it is administered to the same participants under similar conditions on two or more occasions as possessing what?
A) Homogeneity
B) Equivalence
C) Stability
D) Validity
Q2) A researcher who is developing a new instrument to measure pain has been told by experts and patients that the instrument has face validity.What should be the researcher's next step?
A) Use the instrument in a parent study
B) Use the instrument in a pilot study
C) Assess the reliability of the instrument
D) Assess the content validity of the instrument
Q3) Which of the following types of validity is the most difficult to establish?
A) Content validity
B) Construct validity
C) Predictive validity
D) Concurrent validity
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Chapter 15: Qualitative Data Analysis
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Q1) What is the purpose of data display in qualitative analysis?
A) To describe relationships among emerging themes in qualitative data
B) To organize qualitative data into meaningful clusters
C) To record observational data for analysis
D) To organize data to facilitate conclusion drawing
Q2) Which of the following sets of stages was included in the model for data analysis introduced by Miles and Huberman?
A) Data reduction, data display, conclusion drawing, and verification
B) Writing memos, keeping reflective journals, creating analytical files, quoting participants
C) Skimming data, analyzing themes, creating demographic charts
D) Coding data by marking, sorting, and redefining
Q3) When collecting data many researchers record the interview.This is a common practice because
A) participants wish to ensure their stories are documented correctly.
B) participants are made to feel that their story is important if it is recorded.
C) the researcher wished to accurately summarize or paraphrase the interview.
D) researchers prefer to have the interview transcribed verbatim into written text.
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Chapter 16: Quantitative Data Analysis
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Q1) Which data measurement scales typically use nonparametric tests of significance?
A) Nominal
B) Ordinal
C) Interval
D) Ratio
Q2) The change in heart rate in patients with diabetes mellitus was reported as 10.95 ± 9.21 for the Adult type 1 group.How many standard deviations from the mean is a change of 23?
A) 1 SD
B) 2 SD
C) 3 SD
D) 4 SD
Q3) The nurse researcher opts to use ratio-level data.The researcher's primary concern will be what?
A) Categories must be mutually exclusive.
B) Intervals between data categories must be equal.
C) The rank of zero (0) represents the absence of the measured variable.
D) Variance between assigned categories is qualitative rather than quantitative.
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Chapter 17: Presenting the Findings
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Q1) Which section of the report allows a nurse researcher to review critical summary numbers for each test?
A) Results
B) Discussion
C) Literature review
D) Methods
Q2) Which section of the report allows the nurse researcher to discuss the analysis choices?
A) Results
B) Discussion
C) Literature review
D) Methods
Q3) When discussing the results,what facilitates presentation of large amounts of data?
A) Subjective presentation
B) Inferential statistics
C) Tables and figures
D) Descriptive statistics
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Chapter 18: Critiquing Qualitative Research
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Q1) Why are themes important results for a qualitative study?
A) They reflect the congruence between the questions asked and the method of study used.
B) They allow description of a large quantity of data in a condensed format.
C) They demonstrate both emic and etic views of a topic.
D) They explain the nature of the differences reported by participants experiencing a similar phenomenon.
Q2) Participants in qualitative studies may contribute to the design of the study in A) qualitative research.
B) ethnographic studies.
C) grounded theory studies.
D) phenomenological studies.
Q3) The appropriate method for program evaluation includes a A) case study.
B) historical approach.
C) naturalistic approach.
D) ethnographic approach.
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Chapter 19: Critiquing Quantitative Research
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Q1) The critical appraisal question that would most accurately evaluate the conclusions,implications,and recommendations of a research report is what?
A) Would it be possible to replicate this study in another clinical setting?
B) Are the results of each hypothesis or research question presented and presented objectively?
C) Did testing of the hypothesis(es) or research question(s) clearly support or not support each hypothesis or research question?
D) Was there an observation guide?
Q2) The critical appraisal question that would most accurately evaluate the research question and hypothesis of a research report is what?
A) Is there a synthesis summary that presents the overall strengths and weaknesses and arrives at a logical conclusion that generates hypotheses or research questions?
B) What are the sources of bias, and are they dealt with appropriately?
C) How have the purpose, aims, or goals of the study been substantiated?
D) To what population may the findings be generalized? What are the limitations in generalizability?
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Chapter 20: Developing an Evidence-Informed Practice
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Q1) Which of the following conditions should be used to promote the decision to change practice based on evidence?
A) The researchers providing the majority of the evidence are recognized experts in the field.
B) Research reports on the new intervention demonstrate inconsistent or contradictory results.
C) The intervention was tested in a population with few characteristics in common with the proposed practice population.
D) The intervention is inexpensive and easy to learn, and the outcome can be measured objectively.
Q2) Which of the following is the term for data that are collected to assess patient satisfaction,staff outcomes,or fiscal differences as a result of specific interventions?
A) Process measures
B) Outcome measures
C) Secondary measures
D) Compliance measures
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