Nursing of Adults and Older Adults Study Guide Questions
Course Introduction
This course provides an in-depth exploration of nursing care for adults and older adults, emphasizing the unique physiological, psychological, and social changes associated with aging. Students learn to apply the nursing process in assessing, planning, implementing, and evaluating care for adult and geriatric populations across diverse healthcare settings. Topics include chronic illness management, health promotion, patient advocacy, therapeutic communication, and end-of-life care. The course also covers evidence-based practices, interdisciplinary collaboration, and cultural competence to ensure holistic and patient-centered care for adults and older adults.
Recommended Textbook
Ebersole and Hess Gerontological Nursing and Healthy Aging Edition 1st Canadian Edition by Theris
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26 Chapters
306 Verified Questions
306 Flashcards
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2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Healthy Aging
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17 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Historical influences that have shaped the lives of the majority of the middle-old in Canada today include which of the following?
A) Influenza epidemic of 1918
B) Immigration from Communist Europe
C) Child-rearing during the Depression
D) World War II
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following nursing interventions represent a holistic approach to caring for an older adult?
A) Performs glucose testing during the weekly worship service
B) Wheels ambulatory adults to exercise when running late
C) Assigns female nurses to older female adults who are Muslim
D) Allows older adults in a nursing home to eat meals alone
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: Gerontological Nursing History, Education, and Roles
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10 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) The gerontological nurse collaborates with the wound care team about an older adult who has an ulcer. How is this nurse demonstrating leadership in the care of an older person?
A) The nurse is screening and assessing older persons effectively.
B) The nurse is facilitating access to older person care programs.
C) The nurse is coordinating members of the health care team.
D) The nurse is empowering older persons to manage chronic illness.
Answer: C
Q2) Gerontological nurses may be generalists or specialists. In order to prepare a nurse generalist, which of the following nursing practices experience would be the most meaningful and helpful?
A) Working with older adults experiencing chronic health conditions found in acute care settings
B) Working with older adults across the continuum of care
C) Working with older adults in long-term care facilities, because this is where most older adults reside
D) Working with older adults in home care, because the goal is to keep them in their homes as long as possible
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Communicating With Older Adults
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15 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) A patient says, "Peace wing we uh meng meng." What is your response?
A) "I'm sorry, that doesn't make any sense."
B) "Please try to speak more clearly."
C) "Excuse me, I didn't understand that."
D) "What would you like me to bring you?"
Answer: D
Q2) An older male adult who wears a hearing aid waits in the radiology department. The department is busy and noisy, so the nurse asks the patient if he wants to wait or reschedule the appointment. Which of the following is the most important strategy for the nurse to implement for effective communication with this man?
A) Face the man while sitting at his level.
B) Speak with him in a private, quiet setting.
C) Verify that the information is understood.
D) Ask if hearing is better in one ear or another.
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Culture, Ethnicity, and Aging
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Sample Questions
Q1) An older adult who is a Chinese man of traditional beliefs has a blood pressure of 80/54 mm Hg and refuses to remain in bed. Which intervention should the nurse use to promote and maintain his health?
A) Have the health care provider speak to him.
B) Use principles of the holistic health system.
C) Ask about his perceptions and treatment ideas.
D) Consult with a practitioner of Chinese medicine.
Q2) A resident in a nursing home insists that a priest hear his confession. The resident is very anxious, and the nursing home does not have a Roman Catholic chaplain. Which one of the following interventions should the nurse implement?
A) A rabbi is coming to visit the home this evening. Arrange an appointment for the resident.
B) Report the resident's change in behaviour in detail so that the attending physician can prescribe medication appropriately.
C) Refer the resident to the staff psychologist to address the underlying cause of the patient's anxiety.
D) Contact a Roman Catholic church, and request that the priest visit the resident.
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Chapter 5: Nursing Documentation for Optimal Care
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9 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse must inform an older adult whose first language is French and who does not speak any English about patient rights. The nurse also has to have the older adult sign the document about information access. Which intervention should the nurse use to maintain the confidentiality of this older adult?
A) The nurse should present the older adult with a French version of the information access document.
B) The nurse should have an English-speaking family member explain the document to the older adult.
C) The nurse should explain the document to the older adult using an interpreter to ensure understanding.
D) The nurse should instruct an interpreter to read the information access document to the older adult privately.
Q2) Which documentation tool does the nurse use in extended care and long-term care settings to gather definitive information on the resident's functioning?
A) Narrative patient progress notes
B) Problem-oriented documentation
C) Resource Utilization Group (RUG)
D) Resident Assessment Instrument (RAI)
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Chapter 6: Biological Theories of Aging and Physical Changes of Aging
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13 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) An older adult has been diagnosed with a nutrition imbalance. Which age-associated intestinal problem should the nurse be aware of when planning goals and interventions to improve this older adult's nutritional status?
A) Older adults have less intrinsic factor secretion.
B) Older adults have short, broad, small intestinal villi.
C) Older adults have decreased gastric smooth muscle.
D) Older adults have decreased large intestinal motility.
Q2) An older adult who recently had surgery complains of pain at level of 3 out of 10 and constipation during the postoperative primary care visit. Which intervention should the nurse implement to first facilitate elimination in this older adult?
A) Encourage use of a laxative.
B) Review medication list.
C) Promote fibre in the diet.
D) Suggest added fluid intake.
Q3) Which change in the skin is abnormal in an older person?
A) Thinner and more fragile skin
B) A red, purulent, swollen three-day-old wound
C) Mottled pigmentation and greater number of freckles
D) Loss of hair on the extremities
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Social, Psychological, Spiritual, and Cognitive Aspects of Aging
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10 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) An older male adult with severe knee pain tells the nurse how he lost his job and his home after starting a new business when he was 48 years old. Now he lives alone and relies on welfare. Using Jung's theory, what in this individual's life is the most pivotal in his personality development?
A) Living alone
B) Meagre income
C) Severe knee pain
D) Job loss and home loss
Q2) Which alterations in roles are most likely to have a significant effect on the type of aging process experienced by the older adult?
A) Being a grandparent and church member
B) Losing employment or a spouse
C) Being a friend and patient
D) Being a parent and volunteer
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9
Chapter 8: Nutritional Needs
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which one of the following is a potential mechanical risk factor that may potentiate malnutrition in older adults?
A) Memory loss
B) Removal from usual cultural patterns
C) Decreased or diminished vision or blindness
D) Loneliness, isolation, or living alone
Q2) The nurse is trying to improve the nutritional status of older adults in a nursing home. Which one of the following recommendations should the nurse implement?
A) Develop a seating chart for the main dining room, based on unit, to facilitate a more organized and efficient meal delivery.
B) Replace the fluorescent lighting with candles at every table, to create a cozier, restaurant-like atmosphere.
C) Provide nutritious food according to the older adults' expressed food preferences, with liberal use of seasonings.
D) Distribute "nutritional liquid supplements" such as Ensure.
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10
Chapter 9: Hydration and Continence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which type of incontinence is characterized by a large residual urine volume?
A) Urge incontinence
B) Stress incontinence
C) Overflow incontinence
D) Functional incontinence
Q2) The most important aspect of care for the nurse to maintain when assisting an older adult with urinary incontinence is which one of the following?
A) Ensure the availability of protective rubber garments.
B) Use indwelling urinary catheters.
C) Use smooth muscle relaxants.
D) Maintain a respectful and positive attitude about resolving the underlying problem.
Q3) The nurse wants to begin helping an older adult, who is overweight and has urinary incontinence, with healthy bladder behaviour skills. Which intervention should the nurse implement?
A) Begin low-calorie diet for weight management.
B) Schedule voiding at two- to four-hour intervals.
C) Instruct the older adult to practise abdominal exercises.
D) Reduce the time between an urge to void and voiding.
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11
Chapter 10: Rest, Sleep, and Activity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following should the nurse recommend as a moderate-intensity exercise for older adults who are ambulatory and in good health?
A) Walk 5 to 6 km in 60 minutes.
B) Work in the garden for 50 minutes.
C) Participate in endurance exercises and increase time gradually.
D) Wash and wax the car for 75 minutes.
Q2) An older female adult maintains an active lifestyle, playing various games with friends. She reports to the nurse that she experiences wakefulness during the night and an inability to fall asleep after waking up at night. Which intervention should the nurse implement to improve the quality of this woman's sleep?
A) Recommend preparation for sleep.
B) Suggest trying a cup of warm milk at bedtime.
C) Inquire about her nightly sleep habits.
D) Propose volunteer work at a thrift shop.
Q3) Which factor contributes to sleep problems in older adults?
A) Excessive napping
B) Daily exercise
C) Lethargy
D) Rapid eye movement (REM)
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Promoting Healthy Skin and Feet
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) An older adult female patient with mild peripheral vascular disease complains of foot pain from a corn. After assessing the patient's feet, which intervention should the nurse implement to safely alleviate her discomfort?
A) Cut out an oval corn pad to make a U shape.
B) Use a corn pad slightly larger than the corn.
C) Gently remove the corn with a sterile razor blade.
D) Tape the toe with the corn to the other toes.
Q2) Which of the following statements is true about foot care for older adults with diabetes?
A) A health care aide is qualified to care for the feet of a diabetic patient, including trimming the patient's nails.
B) Onychomycosis is eradicated quickly with antifungal creams or powders.
C) Toenails should be cut to give a smooth, rounded edge.
D) Tinea pedis is treated with topical application of antifungal powders.
Q3) Which of the following topical agents is safe to apply?
A) Corn starch, to absorb moisture in the groin area
B) Betadine, to disinfect a healing pressure ulcer
C) An over-the-counter preparation, to dissolve a corn
D) Zinc oxide ointment to an area of excoriation
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Maintaining Mobility and Environmental Safety
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse is assessing an older adult in order to plan for fall screening prevention. What information should the nurse gather for the plan of care?
A) Information about the environment in hospital and at home
B) The patient's emotional status
C) The patient's financial status
D) The patient's occupational history
Q2) The nurse determines that an older adult who has chronic bronchitis is at high risk for falls, but he repeatedly tries to ambulate without assistance. Which alternative measure to restraints is contraindicated for this older adult?
A) Inform staff about his risk for falls.
B) Place a concave mattress on the bed.
C) Provide frequent walks in the hallway.
D) Help him learn to use an assistive device.
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14
Chapter 13: Assessment Tools in Gerontological Nursing
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which type of assessment tool gives the most reliable results for an older adult?
A) Medical history
B) Self-report
C) Observational
D) Report-by-proxy
Q2) Why should a new nurse use a standardized assessment tool?
A) It allows for electronic data collection and analysis.
B) It increases the likelihood of collecting the most accurate data.
C) It is a substitute for possessing refined interviewing skills.
D) It provides an automated means of choosing nursing diagnoses.
Q3) Which tool is used to assess an older adult's functional capability?
A) ADL
B) MMSE
C) OBRA
D) FIM
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15
Chapter 14: Safe Medication Use for Older Adults
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following medications correctly matches the older adult condition given, according to current medical knowledge?
A) Alprazolam (Xanax) for depression at bedtime
B) Buspirone (BuSpar) for chronic anxiety states
C) Amitriptyline (Elavil) for depression in the morning
D) Haloperidol (Haldol) long-term for psychotic behaviour
Q2) Which of the following processes is not increased in the early morning?
A) Fibrinolytic activity
B) Osteoarthritis pain
C) Asthma symptoms
D) Rheumatoid arthritis pain
Q3) The nurse provides instruction about medication safety to older adults. Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide?
A) Nausea and vomiting are common, harmless medication side effects.
B) Keep a supply of medications at the bedside for convenience.
C) Ask the health care provider to describe the purpose of the medication therapy.
D) Take your daily medications on an empty stomach with water.
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Living With Chronic Illness
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Sample Questions
Q1) An older female adult has diabetes mellitus. Which of the following validates the nurse's conclusion that this patient's illness is in the foreground perspective of the Shifting Perspectives Model of Chronic Illness?
A) The older adult has an amputation of two toes.
B) The older adult lives at home with her husband.
C) The older adult self-checks blood sugar frequently.
D) The older adult changes the battery in her glucometer.
Q2) An older female adult is diagnosed with a chronic illness. Which principle should the nurse apply when answering her questions?
A) The most prevalent form of disease in Canada is acute illness.
B) Usually, chronic disease has a negligible impact on the family.
C) Chronic illness is unending, and coping can be influenced by the perception of uncertainty.
D) Older adults cope successfully with chronic disease by learning about the disease.
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Chapter 16: Pain and Comfort
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Sample Questions
Q1) An older male adult who had a gastric resection states that he wants to ambulate, but the osteoarthritis (OA) in his knees causes too much pain. Which intervention should the nurse implement to increase the amount of walking he can perform?
A) Encourage pain medication around the clock.
B) Instruct him to rest until the pain disappears.
C) Suggest taking pain medication before walking.
D) Collaborate with the health care provider to get him a walker.
Q2) The older adult is at higher risk for acute psychological pain compared to a younger adult because of which of the following statements about older adults?
A) Older adults have less tolerance for pain.
B) Older adults possess fewer assets.
C) Older adults experience more loss.
D) Older adults live with impairments.
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18
Chapter 17: Diabetes Mellitus
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Sample Questions
Q1) An older adult with type 2 diabetes mellitus has a sensory impairment and unstable blood sugars. Which alteration in sensory function does the nurse address in the plan of care for stabilizing his blood sugar?
A) The older adult requires reading glasses at 2.0 strength.
B) The older adult has difficulty hearing in crowded rooms.
C) The older adult enjoys spicy food more than bland food.
D) The older adult awakens with periodic left-foot numbness.
Q2) Which of the following laboratory results is a goal for reducing a person's risk for diabetes and heart disease?
A) Triglycerides over 1.69 mmol/L (150 mg/dL)
B) Cholesterol over 5.18 mmol/L (200 mg/dL)
C) High-density lipoprotein under 1.03 mmol/L (40 mg/dL)
D) Fasting blood glucose under 6.11 mmol/L (110 mg/dL)
Q3) Which of the following is a true statement about diabetes mellitus?
A) Type 2 diabetes results from a failure of the pancreas to produce insulin.
B) Diabetes is diagnosed after two fasting plasma glucose readings over 5.6-6.9 mmol/L (125 mg/dL).
C) Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus is another name for type 1 diabetes.
D) The incidence of diabetes mellitus does not increase with age.
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Page 19
Chapter 18: Bone and Joint Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which one of the following is a suitable nursing intervention for an older adult who has gout?
A) Vitamin D 400-1000 international units (IU)
B) Liquid paraffin hand baths and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs
C) A diet low in purines
D) Aspirin 500 mg daily
Q2) Which of the following assessments is typical for an older adult with osteoarthritis (OA)?
A) Narrow joint spaces with crepitus
B) Effects occurring in symmetrical joints
C) Morning stiffness for at least an hour
D) Swelling from excess synovial fluid
Q3) An older male adult who has hyperuricemia complains of severe pain in the right ankle. Which instruction should the nurse include in patient teaching to enhance the action of medication the patient takes for his condition?
A) Avoid dehydration by drinking water.
B) Take aspirin when joints are red and hot.
C) Comply with antihypertensive diuretic regimen.
D) Avoid game meat, asparagus, and alcohol.
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Page 20
Chapter 19: Visual and Auditory Changes
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which disease creates pressure within the eye and potential optic nerve damage in the older adult?
A) Glaucoma
B) Presbyopia
C) Cataract
D) Macular degeneration
Q2) Glaucoma is a major public health problem. It is estimated that 250,000 Canadians were living with glaucoma in 2009. Mr. Gonzalez, 70 years of age, has told the nurse that he is experiencing frequent headaches, poor vision in dimly lit areas, increased sensitivity to glare, "tired eyes," and some impaired peripheral vision, especially when he is driving. Which type of glaucoma is Mr. Gonzalez experiencing?
A) Primary open-angle glaucoma
B) Acute angle-closure glaucoma
C) Low tension glaucoma
D) Normal tension glaucoma
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Chapter 20: Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements about heart disease in older adults is true?
A) More women than men die from myocardial infarctions.
B) Cardiac care for men and women is equally aggressive.
C) Cardiac medications have been tested on men and women equally.
D) Women generally receive less aggressive treatment than men do.
Q2) The nurse notices that an older female nursing home resident is not eating and that her heart rate is faster than usual at 110-120 beats per minute. What should the nurse do to eliminate pneumonia as a potential cause of the change in this resident's status?
A) Obtain a specimen for aerobic blood cultures.
B) Send the resident for a chest X-ray exam promptly.
C) Analyze sputum for colour, texture, and volume.
D) Compare tympanic temperature to the baseline.
Q3) What is the most important goal in the nursing plan of care to decrease the frequency of hospitalizations for acute exacerbations of heart failure (HF) in older adults who have HF?
A) Control fluid balance.
B) Control blood pressure.
C) Prevent deconditioning.
D) Maintain patient safety.
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Page 22
Chapter 21: Cognitive Impairment
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Sample Questions
Q1) Classic signs of Parkinson's disease (PD) in an older adult include tremors at rest, rigidity (stiff muscles), akinesia (poverty of movement), and postural abnormalities. Which of the following is the most conspicuous sign of PD?
A) T
B) R
C) A
D) P
Q2) Which type of exercise program is better for improving mood and function in older adults with Alzheimer's disease (AD)?
A) A program that helps to improve balance
B) A program that emphasizes walking
C) A self-paced exercise program
D) A program that emphasizes wandering
Q3) At ten P.M., an older male resident is attempting to climb over the bedrails. Which intervention should the nurse implement first?
A) Gently question the resident about his behaviour.
B) Call the physician and ask for sedation.
C) Apply a vest restraint to the resident.
D) Get a companion to keep the older adult in the bed.
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Page 23
Chapter 22: Economic and Legal Issues
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Q1) A health care provider asks the nurse about an older male adult's power of attorney because consent is needed for a medically necessary invasive procedure; the patient has end-stage disease, is intubated, and is on mechanical ventilation. Which one of the following steps should the nurse implement?
A) Refer to the patient's advance directive for a name.
B) Assist with obtaining informed consent from the patient.
C) Use an oral test to measure the patient's cognitive function.
D) Apply the Confusion Assessment Method for critical care.
Q2) The nurse distrusts the male caregiver, the son of an older female adult, and collaborates with social services about potential resources for abused older adults. Which characteristics of the caregiver does the nurse report to social services as indicators of potential elder abuse?
A) The caregiver collects unemployment benefits.
B) The caregiver finds fault with any nursing care.
C) The caregiver takes frequent breaks for smoking.
D) The caregiver sits at the patient's bedside for hours daily.
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Chapter 23: Relationships, Roles, and Transitions
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Q1) Which older adult will have the highest economic risk at the beginning of retirement?
A) An older divorced female who has lived in this country for eight years
B) An older male veteran, who is an above-the-knee amputee, and who was a teacher
C) An older female, who is a widow and a primary care nurse practitioner
D) An older male, who immigrated from China, and designs computer software
Q2) What is the most important element for older adults to have to enhance their transition into retirement?
A) Good health
B) A private pension
C) A registered retirement savings plan (RRSP)
D) Preretirement planning
Q3) Which statement is true about the relationships of older adults?
A) Loneliness is evidence of self-centredness and unwillingness to love.
B) A person may be lonely even when surrounded by other people.
C) Hostile behaviour indicates that a person prefers to be left alone.
D) A pet cannot substitute for human attention.
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Chapter 24: Mental Health and Wellness in Later Life
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Q1) An older female adult lost her brother recently, provides care for her husband who has health needs, and must move to a new location after having lived for 35 years in the same house. When she arrives for primary care with clinical indicators of influenza, which of the following does the nurse recognize about this older adult?
A) She is exhibiting attention-seeking behaviours.
B) Crises and stressors can impair physical health.
C) Her greatest need is respite care for her husband.
D) Crisis leads to a lower functional status for the person.
Q2) Which statement is true about the mental health of older adults?
A) Nurses should discourage denial and regression so older adults can face underlying causes of anxiety directly.
B) Anxiety is easily distinguished from depression, dementia, and the effects of disease or medication.
C) Compulsive rituals surrounding toileting and sleep are signs of a serious mental disorder.
D) The nurse avoids anti-anxiety medications without an assessment for factors associated with anxiety.
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Chapter 25: Loss, Grief, Dying, and Death in Later Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) After an older adult dies, his brother, who has a history of alcohol abuse, upsets the family by going on a drinking binge instead of attending the funeral. What is the best description of the brother's behaviour?
A) The brother has a personality disorder.
B) The brother is displaying a disrespectful attitude.
C) The brother is experiencing disenfranchised grief.
D) The brother is experiencing chronic grief.
Q2) Which of the following characteristics is associated with acute grief?
A) Waves of grief or distressing emotion
B) Prolonged inability to sleep after a loss
C) Exacerbations of grief on specific dates
D) Change in attitude toward the future loss
Q3) The actions of the family of an older adult who just died are chaotic, and the family members are unable to decide on a funeral home. The nurse observes "functional disruption." Which recommendation should the nurse implement?
A) Help them make a list of the problems.
B) Provide a list of preferred funeral homes.
C) Allow them privacy to work it out alone.
D) Suggest they call someone who can help.
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Page 27
Chapter 26: Care Across the Continuum
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Q1) Many long-term care (LTC) homes provide an environment that truly represents the best of caring and quality of life, where there is a focus on person-centred care. Which of the following nursing interventions focuses on person-centred care?
A) Maintain consistent resident assignments.
B) Provide structured activities for the residents.
C) Assign only personal support workers (PSWs) to perform bathing.
D) Determine mealtime based on staffing levels.
Q2) The nurse assesses an older adult who was transferred yesterday from an acute care hospital. What should the nurse assess to determine if this individual is under stress from the transfer?
A) The nurse should find out the length of the resident's stay in the acute care facility.
B) The nurse should determine the resident's options and input into relocation.
C) The nurse should question the older adult about the presence of familiar people throughout the transfer.
D) The nurse should determine whether a tour of the new facility was completed shortly after the transfer.
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