Nursing Leadership and Management
Exam Answer Key
Course Introduction
Nursing Leadership and Management explores the principles, theories, and practical applications of leadership and management within the nursing profession. This course examines the roles of nurse leaders and managers in diverse healthcare settings, emphasizing critical thinking, decision-making, and effective communication skills. Topics include team building, conflict resolution, change management, budget planning, delegation, and legal and ethical considerations in nursing leadership. Through interactive case studies and real-world scenarios, students develop competencies required to lead healthcare teams, improve patient care outcomes, and navigate the complex dynamics of contemporary healthcare environments.
Recommended Textbook
Leading and Managing in Nursing 7th Edition by Yoder Wise
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Leading, Managing, and Following
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Sample Questions
Q1) The chief nursing officer has asked the staff development coordinator to facilitate the development of a clinical competency program for the facility.While making rounds on the units,the staff development coordinator overhears RN staff complaining that they feel it is insulting to be required to participate in a competency program.What behavior by the staff development coordinator is most appropriate in this situation?
A) Disregard staff concerns and continue with development of the program.
B) Inform the nurses that this program is a requirement for JCAHO accreditation.
C) Schedule a meeting with the chief nurse executive to apprise her of the situation.
D) Facilitate a meeting so nurses can articulate their values and concerns about a competency program.
Answer: D
Q2) According to the complexity theory,what would be the focus of measurement?
A) Cost per hospital day
B) Bed utilization
C) Infection rates
D) Staff morale and budgets
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Clinical Safety: The Core of
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Q1) A nurse manager is implementing strategies to support the steps in the AHRQ document "Five Steps to Safer Health Care." What does the manager include in the implementation?
A) Patients are actively encouraged to make decisions related to care.
B) Rules and decisions are made through centralized processes.
C) You monitor the performance of each staff member closely.
D) Preference is given to increasing staff numbers rather than staff credentials.
Answer: A
Q2) As a nurse manager on the West Surgery Unit,you are interested in increasing patient safety and reducing morbidity and mortality on your unit.What recommendations would be consistent with the IOM The Future of Nursing report?
A) Careful screening of nursing staff for substance use and abuse
B) Increased RN staffing on the unit
C) Salary and benefits that reflect nursing accountabilities
D) Increase in the percentage of baccalaureate-prepared nurses to 80%
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: Legal and Ethical Issues
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Q1) You volunteer at a free community clinic.A 13-year-old girl presents with chlamydia.The team leader at the clinic advises that:
A) the state-defined age of legal consent is 18; therefore, no treatment can be delivered.
B) the teen is underage and should be referred to the family general practitioner.
C) care can be provided as long as consent is voluntary and information about treatment and options is provided.
D) treatment is provided as long as telephone consent is obtained from a parent or legal guardian.
Answer: C
Q2) To reduce the incidence of falls in a skilled nursing unit,the nurse manager contacts the risk manager.Risk management is a process that attempts to identify potential hazards and:
A) compensate for previous injuries.
B) eliminate these risks before anyone else is harmed.
C) supersede the need for staff members to file incident reports.
D) discipline staff members who have been involved in previous incident reports.
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Cultural Diversity and Inclusion in Health Care
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Q1) According to Leininger,"cultural imposition" is a major concern in nursing because nurses have a tendency to impose their values,beliefs,and practices on patients of other cultures.The discussion topic most likely to be without cultural imposition would be:
A) abortion.
B) wound management.
C) blood transfusion.
D) advance directives.
Q2) Cultural diversity is the term used to describe a vast range of cultural differences.Events have symbolic meanings for the nurse manager and the staff.The event that would be most likely to provide symbolic meaning to a nurse manager and staff is a:
A) task force formed to commemorate a New Year's celebration in the Western tradition.
B) project to provide Christmas gifts to the children in a daycare program.
C) celebration of National Nurses Week with the focus on cultural care.
D) task force to develop a poster for the unit depicting religions of the world.
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6
Chapter 5: Gaining Personal Insight: The Beginning of Being a Leader
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Q1) A new graduate nurse has accepted a position in an intensive care unit.The nurse is assigned a preceptor with several years of experience.The new nurse also notices the other staff seek this nurse out for answers to questions and as a resource to the unit.What does the new nurse consider the role of the mentor nurse?
A) A formal leader
B) A positional leader
C) An official leader
D) An informal leader
Q2) A staff nurse wants to become a charge nurse.What is one of the most effective methods for the staff nurse to incorporate to effectively transition to charge nurse?
A) Read a book on charge position.
B) Integrate prior experience to new role.
C) Do things the way always done.
D) Change units to be a charge on different unit.
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Chapter 6: Being an Effective Follower
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Q1) The definition of follower has historically referred to a person who is subservient and submissive.The new principles of followership offer a different perspective.What is NOT considered an attribute of followership in nursing?
A) Independent decision making
B) Critical thinking
C) Patient advocate
D) No influence over leaders
Q2) The definition of leader refers to a person who has ability to guide people.In nursing,the leader does more.What is NOT a role of a leader in nursing?
A) Active listening
B) Open communication
C) Accountability in decisions
D) Tight control of decisions
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8
Chapter 7: Managing Self: Stress and Time
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Q1) Mr.T.Jones and Mr.R.Smith are both going to become residents in Sunny Haven Lodge.Mr.Jones views it as an opportunity to socialize and meet new friends.Mr.Smith views this as abandonment by his family and is worried that the care will be inadequate.Each senior perceives the situation differently.This is a good example of stress that is:
A) both a positive stressor and a negative stressor.
B) occurring only because of age.
C) positive in both cases.
D) harmful in both cases.
Q2) Jeff,an RN in his 30s,has lost a parent,just purchased a new home,and is laid off with 6 months' severance pay.At the same time,Jerry,an RN in his 50s,is financially secure and is asked to take early retirement with a buyout.How will the two men react to the emotional and physical influences and the sequence of stress?
A) The younger man will feel more stress.
B) The two men may or may not feel the same amount of stress.
C) The older man will feel more stress.
D) Neither man will experience any stress.
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Communication and Conflict
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Q1) Jane has transferred from the ICU to the CCU.She is very set in the way she makes assignments and encourages her new peers to adopt this method without sharing the rationale for why it is better.This is a good example of a process and procedure that creates which type of conflict?
A) Organizational
B) Intrapersonal
C) Interpersonal
D) Disruptive
Q2) The nurse manager decides to use a mediator to help resolve the staff's conflict.A basic strategy for truly addressing this conflict is to:
A) identify the conflicting facts.
B) be determined to resolve the conflict.
C) schedule a meeting time for resolution.
D) have a clear understanding of the differences between the parties in conflict.
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Chapter 9: Power,Politics,and Influence
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Q1) What is the best example of skilled negotiation?
A) Linda, the manager on pediatrics, takes a proposal to her supervisor, outlining the benefits of a walk-in preoperative area for children.
B) Kim, RN, asks for leave to pursue a semester of full-time study in her graduate program. She proposes to accept less popular rotations during peak vacation time, in return.
C) George, the head nurse in ER, asks for additional staff for his department and points out the benefits of being able to keep patients for longer periods.
D) Jerry speaks with his supervisor about his supervisor's concerns related to bedside reporting before presenting a proposal to change this process.
Q2) Politics is identified in what areas?
A) Confined to legislatures
B) Seen in dysfunctional workplaces
C) Found in all social organizations
D) A representation of self-interest
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11
Chapter 10: Healthcare Organizations
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Q1) A group of patients with early Alzheimer disease and their spouses approach you regarding help with the establishment of a local Alzheimer Society for the support and education of affected individuals and their families.As a manager in an ambulatory care clinic,what suggestion or advice would you offer this group?
A) Self-help groups are, by nature, directed, funded, and led by those requiring help, and therefore, the patients and families should need no help from your clinic.
B) Your healthcare organization would be pleased to help as long as your organization financially takes over responsibility for direction, leadership, and management.
C) Through partnership, you will provide supports, if possible, that the patients and spouses themselves identify as necessary in the establishment of the group.
D) The services that the patients and spouses are proposing are likely being offered somewhere else already.
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12
Chapter 11: Organizational Structures
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Q1) "Georgia Hospital will provide care that is a national example of consumer service" is a:
A) vision statement.
B) statement of philosophy.
C) mission statement.
D) rationale for care.
Q2) The hospital administration gives approval to the chief nursing officer to hire clinical nurse specialists in staff positions rather than in administrative positions.A clinical specialist who has staff authority but no line authority typically is able to:
A) function through influence.
B) take complete responsibility for the care of clients.
C) interview and hire staff nurses for designated nursing units.
D) be granted functional authority to determine standards of nursing care and enforce them.
Q3) In the Unity Healthcare organization,communication flows:
A) laterally.
B) bottom to top.
C) top to bottom.
D) intermittently.
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Care Delivery Strategies
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Sample Questions
Q1) When hiring a case manager for a rehabilitation setting,you would most likely consider a:
A) registered nurse with a master's degree.
B) physiotherapist with a background in stroke rehabilitation.
C) social worker with a background in counseling.
D) health professional with advanced background who is client and outcome focused.
Q2) A patient is admitted to a medical unit with pulmonary edema.His primary nurse admits him and then provides a written plan of care.What type of educational preparation best fits the role of primary nurse?
A) Baccalaureate
B) Associate
C) Diploma
D) LPN/LVN
Q3) Case managed care may enhance profit in a for-profit health organization by:
A) minimizing costs in high resource consumption areas.
B) combining licensed and non-licensed care providers in delivering patient care.
C) increasing reimbursement from third-party payers.
D) reducing the amount of technology used to support clinical decision making.
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Chapter 13: Staffing and Scheduling
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Q1) The number of adverse events such as falls and pressure ulcers on the unit is increasing.An ideal staffing plan to address this issue would include which of the following? Increasing the:
A) total number of staff on the unit.
B) staff and RN hours per patient.
C) total number of staff and implementing 12-hour shifts.
D) number of RNs and number of RNs with experience on the unit.
Q2) A busy neurologic ICU and step-down unit most likely would use which patient-classification system?
A) Factor evaluation
B) Prototype evaluation
C) Hybrid system
D) AHRQ system
Q3) A factor evaluation system:
A) utilizes financial data to determine number of staff-to-patient ratios.
B) utilizes DRGs to determine acuity on a unit.
C) combines interventions and time required for interventions to determine levels of care required.
D) combines financial resources and nursing interventions to determine patient contact hours.
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Chapter 14: Work Force Engagement Through Collective
Action and Governance
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Sample Questions
Q1) You are hired as a new manager.When the offer of employment is made,you agree to at-will employment.Later,you become very concerned about the policies and practices of your organization and their impact on patient care.You speak with your supervisor several times about your concerns,but no action is taken.In considering your next steps,you:
A) consider your increased vulnerability under the terms of your employment.
B) recognize that your supervisor is more vulnerable than you are because of her more senior position.
C) are more likely as a leader to take action because you are well protected from repercussions by federal and state regulations.
D) contact your union to discuss your concerns and review your options.
Q2) The chief nursing officer utilizes the hospital's workplace advocacy to help the overwhelmed Emergency Department staff.Workplace Advocacy is designed to assist nurses by:
A) creating professional practice climates in their institutions.
B) equipping them to practice in a rapidly changing environment.
C) negotiating employment contracts.
D) representing them in labor-management disputes.
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Chapter 15: Making Decisions and Solving Problems
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Q1) High-quality decisions are most likely to be made in nursing situations when:
A) team leaders make the crucial decisions.
B) individuals are advised of the problems.
C) group size is neither too small nor too large.
D) members are passively involved.
Q2) The risk manager wants to evaluate the reasons for an increased number of falls on the rehab unit.The risk manager devises a fishbone diagram.A fishbone diagram is a useful tool to:
A) identify the root causes of problems.
B) list possible solutions to problems.
C) help leaders select the best options.
D) evaluate the outcomes of decisions made.
Q3) A clinic nurse has observed another nurse deviating from agency policy in performing wound care.The best approach for the clinic nurse to take is to:
A) stay out of it.
B) inform the nursing supervisor.
C) fill out a notification form (incident report).
D) assess the risk to the client and the agency before proceeding.
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Chapter 16: The Impact of Technology
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Q1) A home health nurse has been assigned to cover a 300-square-mile area of remote Montana.Mrs.Baker has just been discharged home following bowel surgery and has a new colostomy.She will need daily contacts for at least 2 weeks and then regular weekly contact following that week.Because it is not possible to visit Mrs.Baker in person every day and see all of the other clients,the nurse gives her a laptop computer with net meeting software installed.Each morning,both dial in at an agreed-upon time and discuss her progress.The home health nurse assesses whether or not the client needs to be seen that day and is able to view the colostomy site.This type of technology is called:
A) distance learning.
B) knowledge software.
C) telecommunications.
D) biomedical technology.
Q2) A necessary,basic condition for successful integration of clinical information systems is:
A) software.
B) standard medical nomenclature.
C) confirmatory evidence from nursing-led studies.
D) strong interdisciplinary cultures.
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Chapter 17: Delegating: Authority, Accountability,
Responsibility in Delegation Decisions
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Q1) During a fire drill,the nurse manager becomes very assertive and directive in her communications with staff.This type of situational leadership depends on:
A) supportive behavior by the leader and immature followers.
B) the development level of the followers and the behavior based on the situation.
C) well-developed followers combined with a strong leader who acts quickly.
D) the leader's ability to evaluate personnel and communicate that evaluation.
Q2) Which of the following exemplifies accountability? Karen,the nurse manager on 5E:
A) consistently submits her budgets on time.
B) gets along well with her staff and with other managers.
C) outlines her rationale for reduction of RN coverage on nights to the Nursing Practice Committee after serious patient injury.
D) actively solicits ideas regarding scheduling from her staff.
Q3) With delegation,responsibility and accountability remain with the:
A) physician.
B) professional who delegates.
C) individual who receives the delegation.
D) individual who previously performed the task.
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Page 19
Chapter 18: Leading Change
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Q1) As the unit manager,you spend a day performing direct patient care and work with a new system that is designed to capture patient documentation at the bedside.During discussions with staff while giving care,you discover that the number of screens that need to be opened during documentation makes charting more complex and time consuming than traditional manual charting approaches.On the basis of this feedback,you:
A) assume that the system is doing what it needs to do.
B) provide reassurance to staff that the unit has achieved its goals in implementation of the system.
C) ask some of the staff if they have had similar experiences with the system.
D) consult chart audit data and end user consultation reports to determine if errors and problems are occurring.
Q2) An example of one strategy used to improve participation in the change process by staff fitting the behavioral description of innovators and early adopters is to:
A) repeat the benefits of the change.
B) share change experiences early in the process.
C) initiate frequent interactions among staff.
D) provide select information to the staff.
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Chapter 19: Building Effective Teams
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Q1) The mediator asked each staff member to reflect on his or her communication style.Which of the following best describes communication? Communication:
A) is a reflection of self-analysis.
B) is a result of thoughtful consideration.
C) consists of thoughts, ideas, opinions, emotions, and feelings. D) focuses on the sender of the message.
Q2) As the nurse manager on a rehab unit,you are asked to come to the tub room immediately because two nursing assistants are having a loud disagreement in front of a patient.You ask the nursing assistants to meet you outside and after ensuring that a third nursing assistant is able to care for the patient,you speak with the two nursing assistants.Which of the following would you ask first?
A) "How long have you two been working together?"
B) "Have you experienced disagreements like this before?"
C) "How do you think this patient's perception of her care has been changed?"
D) "What happened to bring on this disagreement today?"
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Chapter 20: Managing Costs and Budgets
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Q1) The chief nursing office of a Magnet hospital has conducted a study of ways to improve healthcare services.Healthcare services that add value for clients:
A) accomplish healthcare goals.
B) minimize costs.
C) decrease the number of services used.
D) use high-technology treatments.
Q2) Because of the complexity of reimbursement systems and its implications for the services available to patients,the nurse has a key role in:
A) advocacy for patients with regard to services required and services utilized.
B) increasing the volume of services and decreasing the number of patients served.
C) accomplishing more with each visit and decreasing the volume of services used.
D) decreasing the volume of services used and the number of return visits.
Q3) Which of the following factors is not implicated in rising healthcare costs?
A) Rising expectations of consumers for cure and care
B) Marketing of drugs to consumers
C) Large administrative staffs to process medical billings
D) Rising Medicare costs
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Chapter 21: Selecting, developing, and Evaluating Staff
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Q1) You have hired Chelsea as a new staff member on your unit.Although she is an experienced ICU nurse,this is her first educator role.A month into her new position,she confides that she feels really incompetent in her new position and bursts into tears.Your response is based on application of your understanding of:
A) role acquisition.
B) role conflict.
C) role complexity.
D) performance appraisal.
Q2) An outpatient clinic advertised for RN positions.Before authorizing an open position,the nurse manager should:
A) review the position description and performance expectations for the opening.
B) place an ad in the local newspaper and on the telephone job line.
C) review all current applications on file.
D) look for employees within the system who might best fill the position.
Q3) Anecdotal notes:
A) should be completed only when there are performance concerns.
B) can be used to support and justify fairness in termination discussions.
C) are unnecessary if the evaluation instrument is thorough.
D) need to be completed at the end of a performance period.
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Page 23
Chapter 22: Person-Centered Care
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Q1) In orienting new staff nurses to a pediatric intensive care unit,the nurse manager asks the staff nurses to answer the following question: "What is an important consideration in providing information to parents of a critically ill child?"
A) Making sure that they receive complete information during each encounter with a member of the nursing staff
B) Assessing parents' preferences regarding the amount of information provided
C) Allowing parents to observe key aspects of their child's nursing care
D) Making sure that patient education brochures explaining ICU protocols are readily available
Q2) The complexity of the healthcare environment for consumers is increased by:
A) falling levels of education among the public.
B) increased levels of poverty.
C) complex compensatory systems and a variety of delivery systems.
D) increased numbers of uninsured or underinsured.
Q3) An example of a factor that would impede a patient's learning is:
A) poverty.
B) limited health insurance.
C) being an older adult.
D) heavy sedation.
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Page 24
Chapter 23: Managing Quality and Risk
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Q1) A new RN staff member asks you about the difference between QA and QI.You explain the difference by giving an example of QI.
A) "Last year, the management team established new outcomes that addressed issues such as medication errors."
B) "At a staff meeting last year, two of our staff commented on the number of recent falls and asked, 'What can we do about it?'"
C) "A process audit was done recently to determine how much time was being spent on patient documentation."
D) "Errors are reported on our new computerized forms, and I follow up with staff to make sure that they understand the seriousness of their error."
Q2) At Hospital Alpha,there has been a 20% increase in instruments and sponges being left in patients during surgery and surgeries on the wrong limbs.These are known as:
A) sentinel events.
B) medically sensitive events.
C) nurse-sensitive events.
D) Never Events.
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Chapter 24: Translating Research Into Practice
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Q1) The nurse manager of an ICU wants to implement the revised policy and procedure on central line catheter care.What would be the most effective method of getting the staff nurses to incorporate a new evidence-based practice into their care?
A) Conducting an interactive educational workshop
B) Distributing educational materials on clinical units
C) Sharing the results of a chart audit with staff
D) Providing staff with a short DVD on the topic
Q2) The chief nursing officer at a local hospital seeking Magnet status creates staff development classes about incorporating evidence-based practice in nursing.What best describes evidence-based practice?
A) Applying best research evidence to care of patients
B) Using research-based information to develop practice guidelines
C) Conducting a randomized control trial to determine effectiveness of handwashing techniques
D) Developing standards for practice
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Chapter 25: Managing Personal and Personnel Problems
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Q1) Clinical incompetence is one of the more serious problems facing a nurse manager.Joyce,the nurse manager,is not aware of the problems of Sarah,a novice nurse.After she investigates,it is obvious that Sarah's peers are covering for her.Which of the following might Joyce include in her meeting with the nurses?
A) "It is a nurse's professional responsibility to maintain quality control."
B) "All instances of clinical incompetence are to be reported."
C) "It is not considered being disloyal when one nurse reports another for poor care."
D) "Patient care is the number one concern. Meeting standards is mandatory and necessary."
Q2) All of the following are grounds for immediate dismissal except:
A) failing to pursue further medical help for a patient; patient dies.
B) selling narcotics obtained from the unit supply of narcotics.
C) restraining a patient in bed for 7 hours, unsupervised, as punishment for hitting a staff member.
D) grabbing the unit manager and threatening further physical harm after a poor performance appraisal.
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Chapter 26: Role Transition
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Q1) The nurse manager of a unit was demoted to staff nurse 6 months ago.Because of being near retirement,the former nurse manager wanted to be employed at the hospital and was offered a position on the same unit.The former nurse manager complains often about how infrequently the current nurse manager is available on the unit and argues with physicians and co-workers.Clients have complained about the attitude of the nurse.The behavior of the former nurse manager can be best explained as being caused by:
A) overwork in the staff nurse position.
B) inadequate mentoring in the new role.
C) anger as a stage of the grieving process.
D) demotion as a threat to personal identity.
Q2) In addition to providing coaching,a nurse mentor may provide counseling to the mentee.For counseling to be successful,the mentor must:
A) provide a quiet environment away from the unit.
B) keep the focus on technical and management responsibilities.
C) assure confidentiality.
D) present assignments that stretch the intellectual and technical ability of the mentee.
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Page 28
Chapter 27: Managing Your Career
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Q1) Thomas has been a nurse in your ICU for 10 years.In facilitating Thomas' professional development,the nurse manager would focus on:
A) certification for the ICU environment.
B) discussions about how Thomas can fit with role expectations and relationships.
C) possible changes to other ICU environments.
D) encouraging him to lead changes that leave long-term impacts after his retirement.
Q2) A functional résumé focuses on:
A) experience and skills gained in positions.
B) positions held and specific roles in the positions.
C) academic qualifications and achievements.
D) relating skills and experience to qualifications in a specific position.
Q3) To develop a curriculum vitae,or résumé,a nurse must develop a personal data file.The goal of a personal data file is to:
A) create an opportunity to be interviewed.
B) have a listing of facts about your professional life.
C) have a tool in place for marketing yourself.
D) create a document that lists your skills.
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Chapter 28: Developing the Role of Leader
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Sample Questions
Q1) As the clinical director of 24 employees,you have been asked to explain to staff members why they are not getting a raise this year,even though they have been working short-handed for many months and patient satisfaction scores have never been higher.Because you believe yourself to be a transformational leader,you will approach this problem by:
A) telling the assistant clinical director and asking her to share the bad news with the other staff members.
B) posting a note on the bulletin board that includes the phone number of the chief nursing officer, so anyone who has complaints may express them.
C) showing staff members the budget and asking for input about how to cut costs so that raises will be possible in the future.
D) meeting with a small group of seasoned staff members and asking them how to break the news.
Q2) The style of leadership that Kari is exhibiting is likely to:
A) ensure that the organization is financially stable.
B) stifle innovative thinking about ways to move out of financial jeopardy.
C) lead to apathy and disinterest in the organizational goals.
D) lead to decreased attrition of staff on her unit.
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Chapter 29: Developing the Role of Manager
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Q1) A nurse manager is experiencing considerable conflict among staff members because of weekend staffing coverage.During a called staff meeting,the nurse manager asks the disgruntled staff to meet as a group and determine the best staffing practices.In doing this,the nurse manager is using the concept of collaboration to:
A) demonstrate interdependence.
B) depict flexibility and broadmindedness.
C) focus all energies of staff members on a best possible strategy.
D) defuse the possibility that staff members will escalate their discontent when staffing the unit on weekends.
Q2) Role theory has its underpinnings in management theory.Management theories influence managers' leadership styles.Which of the following styles would a nurse manager be most likely to follow when redesigning the staffing schedule?
A) Humanistic
B) Authoritarian
C) Flexibility
D) Participative
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Chapter 30: The Strategic Planning Process
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Sample Questions
Q1) To conduct assessment of the internal environment,the strategic planning team for Pacific Hospital:
A) invites community members and staff of the hospital to an evening focus group session.
B) discusses what it sees as the primary threats and opportunities in demographic shifts affecting the hospital.
C) invites all levels of staff to focus groups on the effectiveness of the hospital environment, including information systems and staffing.
D) asks the board to provide a summary of major opportunities for the future.
Q2) The clinic nurse understands that the advantages of planning include:
A) assisting staff in critical thinking and improving decisions.
B) orienting people to react instead of act.
C) forcing managers to be cost-efficient and cost-effective.
D) focusing on activities, not results.
Q3) To meet the social and human needs of a target market,it is critical to:
A) assess the needs and priorities of the target market.
B) revise the organization's mission statement to reflect external needs.
C) assess the internal culture and needs.
D) develop highly sophisticated media.
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Chapter 31: Thriving for the Future
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Q1) Nursing research has indicated that the foundation for becoming a nursing leader is the ability to:
A) write effectively.
B) speak two or three languages.
C) focus on day-to-day priorities.
D) think futuristically.
Q2) A stroke unit experiences numerous changes related to implementation of new technology,a changed nursing care delivery model,and staff turnover within a period of 6 months.Staff members begin to show signs of reluctance to implement any more changes.The phenomenon experienced by the staff is termed:
A) eustress.
B) care process.
C) stereotypical thinking.
D) complexity compression.
Q3) A necessary leadership strength for nurses of the future is:
A) inspiring others to work their best to create the future.
B) understanding the nuances of fundraising to make up funding shortfall.
C) guarding the tendency of other professions to encroach on nursing roles.
D) adapting work life to an aging nursing work force.
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