Nursing Inquiry and Evidence
Exam Materials
Course Introduction
Nursing Inquiry and Evidence explores the foundational principles of evidence-based practice and the inquiry process within the nursing profession. The course emphasizes the development of critical thinking and research literacy skills, enabling students to identify, appraise, and integrate the best available evidence into clinical decision-making. Students learn the process of formulating research questions, evaluating qualitative and quantitative studies, and applying ethical considerations in research. Through real-world scenarios and scholarly resources, the course prepares nurses to contribute to quality improvement, advance patient care, and foster a culture of inquiry in healthcare environments.
Recommended Textbook
Understanding Nursing Research Building an Evidence Based Practice 6th Edition by Grove
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14 Chapters
488 Verified Questions
488 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Nursing Research and
Evidence-Based
Practice
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27 Verified Questions
27 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a research question for an experimental study? (Choose all that apply.)
A) What is it like to live with asthma?
B) Do children who have an updated asthma action plan have fewer missed school days caused by asthma?
C) Which asthma triggers influence poor attitudes about chronic disease?
D) Which bronchodilator medication has fewer side effects?
Answer: B,D
Q2) Which type of evaluation of research yields the most precise estimates of treatment effects when describing results?
A) Meta-analysis
B) Meta-synthesis
C) Mixed-methods systematic review
D) Systematic review
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Introduction to the Quantitative Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse researcher is developing a study to examine the effects of asthma education on missed school days among grade school children.When defining the research problem in the research proposal,the nurse will discuss:
A) the proposed methodologies for data collection.
B) statistics about the number of school days missed by children with asthma.
C) the costs and types of various medications to treat asthma symptoms.
D) the need for future studies to examine asthma care for this population.
Answer: B
Q2) The methodology portion of the research report is used to:
A) describe the study design.
B) discuss the implications of the study.
C) provide a theoretical framework for the study.
D) summarize the purpose, methods, and results.
Answer: A
Q3) The author of a research report describes the research problem in order to:
A) conceptualize the research project.
B) guide the development of the study methods.
C) determine the goals and focus of the study.
D) identify gaps in knowledge.
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: Introduction to the Qualitative Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which qualitative study will call for an exploratory-descriptive study approach?
A) An evaluation of clinical outcomes of standard nursing interventions
B) An examination of the effects of a treatment on various ethnic groups
C) A review of data in order to evaluate theoretical constructs
D) A study on a topic about which little is known or understood
Answer: D
Q2) During a qualitative research study,a researcher asks subjects a fixed set of questions to which the participants respond freely.This is an example of a(n):
A) open-ended interview.
B) semi-structured interview.
C) structured interview.
D) unstructured interview.
Answer: B
Q3) What are subjects in qualitative research studies usually called?
A) Experimental subjects
B) Participants
C) Primary sources
D) Secondary sources
Answer: B
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Examining Ethics in Nursing Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which is an example of falsification in research?
A) Citing work by another researcher and claiming it as one's own.
B) Making up statistics about the incidence of reactions to an intervention.
C) Omitting data about a subject that disproves the researcher's hypothesis.
D) Using data gained without the consent of the research subjects.
Q2) After the Department of Health,Education,and Welfare (DHEW)regulations were published in 1973,all research using human subjects was required to:
A) avoid using subjects who were ill, mentally impaired, or dying.
B) obtain informed consent from all subjects prior to enrollment in a study.
C) review only studies in which risk of harm to subjects is especially high.
D) undergo full institutional review to examine risks and benefits to subjects.
Q3) An important initial focus of the Declaration of Helsinki,developed in 1964,was to:
A) differentiate therapeutic from nontherapeutic research.
B) define the concept of informed consent of research subjects.
C) prevent the use of placebos during clinical drug trials.
D) prohibit nontherapeutic research to protect subjects from harm.
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Chapter 5: Research Problems,Purposes,and Hypotheses
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a study comparing the effects of complementary therapies on pain scores and narcotic analgesic use in homeless women and women who own homes,which of the following is a demographic variable?
A) Complementary therapies
B) Homeless women
C) Narcotic analgesic use
D) Pain scores
Q2) Which is true about a dependent variable in a research study? It is:
A) manipulated by the researcher to test the research hypothesis.
B) the cause of changes in other variables in a research study.
C) the experimental variable in a research study.
D) the outcome the researcher wishes to predict.
Q3) A nursing researcher determines that there is little information about the use of complementary practices in treating obesity.This represents the research:
A) design.
B) problem.
C) purpose.
D) significance.
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Chapter 6: Understanding and Critically Appraising the Literature Review
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the following APA-formatted reference,what is indicated by the italicized words? Maxwell,S.E.,& Delaney,H.D.(2004).Designing experiments and analyzing data: A model comparison perspective (2<sup>nd</sup> ed.).Mahway,NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
A) Abstract information
B) Article title
C) Book title
D) Publishing company
Q2) When initially reading the relevant literature for comprehension,the researcher will: A) critically appraise the studies.
B) highlight the main points of the studies.
C) make decisions about paraphrasing quotes.
D) review the abstract only.
Q3) What is the main purpose of a literature review in grounded theory research?
A) To explain, extend, and support the framework used for the study
B) To identify gaps in current knowledge about the research topic
C) To place research findings in context of what is already known.
D) To support the need to study the selected research topic
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Chapter 7: Understanding Theory and Research
Frameworks
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a study about childhood obesity,the researcher discusses the concept of overweight in terms of weight for height measures,body mass index (BMI),body image,self-esteem,and social norms.When discussing body image,self-esteem,and social norms,the researcher is describing the:
A) conceptual definition.
B) dependent variable.
C) independent variable.
D) operational definition.
Q2) Which statement is true about theory and qualitative studies?
A) Qualitative studies rely on conceptual frameworks and not on theory.
B) Qualitative studies are not based on theory.
C) Qualitative studies may be used to create theory.
D) Qualitative studies use theory in the same way as quantitative studies.
Q3) When a researcher analyzes data obtained from study variables for possible significant relationships among these variables,the researcher is testing the:
A) abstract ideas.
B) conceptual definitions.
C) relationship statements.
D) study assumptions.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Clarifying Quantitative Research Designs
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Sample Questions
Q1) When using Consolidated Standards for Reporting Trials (CONSORT)guidelines to critically appraise a randomized controlled trial (RCT),the nurse will make sure that the study:
A) is designed to definitively test a hypothesis.
B) is conducted in a laboratory to minimize setting bias.
C) uses subjects selected by the researcher for participation. D) uses a descriptive or correlational design.
Q2) A researcher conducts a quasi-experimental study to determine whether there is improved weight gain among premature infants who are fed according to cue-based protocols.The researcher trained neonatal intensive care nurses to apply cue-based feeding to orally fed infants and notes a statistical difference in weight gain between infants fed according to cue-based protocols and those fed according to standard protocols.The reviewer notes that components of cue-based feedings are not clearly identified.This is a threat to:
A) construct validity.
B) external validity.
C) internal validity.
D) statistical conclusion validity.
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Chapter 9: Examining Populations and Samples in Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) During the data collection phase of a qualitative study,the researcher notes previously untheorized links among concepts.The researcher will continue to collect data until:
A) a quota of each subject type is achieved.
B) saturation of information is noted.
C) the desired sample size is attained.
D) verification of information occurs.
Q2) Which is a type of nonprobability sampling?
A) Purposeful
B) Simple random
C) Stratified random
D) Systematic
Q3) When conducting a study in which it is not possible to determine the true number of subjects who meet eligibility criteria and obtaining a random sample would be time consuming and expensive,the researcher will use which sampling method?
A) Cluster sampling
B) Simple random sampling
C) Stratified random sampling
D) Systematic sampling
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Chapter 10: Clarifying Measurement and Data Collection in Quantitative Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement is true about using a questionnaire to collect data?
A) Questions are presented consistently with less chance for bias than with an interview.
B) Questionnaires are generally more expensive than interviewing techniques.
C) Subjects usually give more in-depth answers when responding to questionnaires.
D) The response rate is generally higher than when using interviews to collect data.
Q2) A researcher conducts a study to examine the effects of breastfeeding on infant weight at age 6 months.Which type of measurement is used to measure the infants' weight?
A) Direct
B) Indirect
C) Nominal
D) Ordinal
Q3) A screening test has a specificity of 92%.This means that there is a(n):
A) 92% chance of a true positive.
B) 92% chance of a false positive.
C) 8% chance of a false positive.
D) 8% chance of a true positive.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Understanding Statistics in Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) A researcher is analyzing the following data set.Which value represents the range?
G.78
A) 35
B) 46
C) 57
D) 58
Q2) Which situation will involve the use of inferential statistics?
A) A comparison of independent variables in a quasi-experimental study
B) A discussion about demographic data
C) An analysis of demographic variables of the target population
D) An examination of the differences between control and experimental group scores
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Critical Appraisal of Quantitative and Qualitative Research for Nursing Practice
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Sample Questions
Q1) When critically appraising a research study,the reviewer will expect to find:
A) identification of new research problems.
B) implementation of a perfect research design.
C) precise understanding of the real world.
D) tools to control outcomes in nursing practice.
Q2) A reviewer critically appraises a study.Which aspect of the review indicates a weakness in the study?
A) The conceptual definitions of variables are consistent with operational definitions.
B) The literature review identifies what is known and not known about the problem.
C) The researcher identifies and discusses threats to design validity.
D) The statement of purpose provides a broad, general focus for the study.
Q3) What will the reviewer assess when critically appraising a study framework?
A) How the variables and concepts are evaluated and measured
B) What the research hypothesis is and how it was developed
C) Whether the literature review is complete
D) Whether the study variables link to key concepts
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Building an Evidence-Based Nursing Practice
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which standards were developed to help nursing students develop the skills,knowledge,and attitudes needed to continuously improve quality and safety?
A) EBP
B) IRB
C) QSEN
D) Magnet
Q2) In a meta-analysis,a researcher wishes to examine differences in temperatures of subjects in two groups but notes that one study uses a centigrade scale and the other study uses a Fahrenheit scale.Which statistic will the researcher apply in this case?
A) Dichotomous data reporting
B) Funnel plot
C) Mean difference
D) Standardized mean difference
Q3) Which method will a researcher use to evaluate a group of qualitative studies?
A) Meta-analysis
B) Meta-synthesis
C) Mixed-methods systematic review
D) Systematic review
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15
Chapter 14: Outcomes Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) In an outcome study,a researcher demonstrates a link between the number of mothers who successfully breastfeed their infants and the number of maternal-child nurses who are baccalaureate prepared.This illustrates:
A) interdependent nursing role functions.
B) nursing-sensitive patient outcomes.
C) patient-sensitive outcomes.
D) the Nursing Role Effectiveness Model.
Q2) Which organization includes nursing-sensitive outcomes measures in its performance measurement portfolio?
A) Agency of Healthcare Research and Quality
B) Department of Health and Human Services
C) National Guideline Clearinghouse
D) National Quality Forum
Q3) The goal of outcomes research is to:
A) determine the most cost-effective nursing interventions in patient care.
B) examine the end results of patient care from various health interventions.
C) help providers make end-of-life decisions about patient care.
D) improve patient satisfaction with nursing care.
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