Nursing Fundamentals Test
Questions
Course Introduction
Nursing Fundamentals introduces students to the foundational principles, concepts, and skills essential for safe and effective nursing practice. The course covers core topics such as patient care, basic human needs, health assessment, infection control, vital signs monitoring, communication, documentation, and the nursing process. Emphasizing the importance of professionalism, ethics, and cultural sensitivity, students gain both theoretical knowledge and hands-on experience in laboratory and clinical settings. Upon completion, students are equipped with the core competencies necessary to provide holistic care and support to patients across the health care continuum.
Recommended Textbook
The Human Body in Health and Disease 6th Edition by Patton
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25 Chapters
3620 Verified Questions
3620 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: An Introduction to the Structure and Function of the Body
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121 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of these terms cannot be applied to a body in the anatomical position?
A) dorsal
B) posterior
C) supine
D) both A and B
Answer: C
Q2) level made up of groups of tissues working together to perform a task
A)chemical level
B)cellular level
C)tissue level
D)organ level
E)system level
F)organism
Answer: D
Q3) In a feedback loop,the part of the system that effects a change in the controlled condition is called the effector.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Chemistry of Life
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127 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) compound that produces H? ions
A)nucleus
B)ionic bond
C)atomic mass
D)compound
E)electrolyte
F)atomic number
G)covalent bonds
H)orbitals
I)hydrolysis
J)dehydration synthesis
K)acid
L)base
Answer: K
Q2) Bonds that usually dissociate in water to form electrolytes are _____ bonds.
A) ionic
B) covalent
C) organic
D) both B and C
Answer: A
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Cells
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which structure has ribosomes attached to it and helps transport proteins throughout the cell?
A) rough endoplasmic reticulum
B) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C) Golgi apparatus
D) mitochondria
Answer: A
Q2) One function of the cell membrane is to identify the cell as belonging to a particular individual.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) the chromosomes are aligned in the middle of the cells
A)interphase
B)prophase
C)metaphase
D)anaphase
E)telophase
Answer: C
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Tissues
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Sample Questions
Q1) found in the walls of hollow internal organs
A)cardiac muscle
B)skeletal muscle
C)smooth muscle
Q2) Cells of which tissue have the ability to shorten?
A) epithelial tissue
B) connective tissue
C) muscle tissue
D) nervous tissue
Q3) thick scar that develops in lower layer of the skin
A)regeneration
B)keloid
C)glia
D)chondrocyte
E)matrix
Q4) These cartilage cells are located within many tiny spaces throughout the matrix:
A) osteons
B) hematopoietic
C) glial
D) chondrocytes
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Organ Systems of the Body
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Sample Questions
Q1) The liver is an accessory organ of the digestive system.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The lymphatic system eventually returns lymph back to the bloodstream.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Explain how nerve impulses and hormones have similar functions in their respective systems.
Q4) List the organs of the endocrine system and explain how it functions differently than the nervous system.
Q5) The thoracic duct helps return lymph back to the cardiovascular system.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Which of the following is not considered part of the central nervous system?
A) the brain
B) the spinal cord
C) the cranial nerves
D) All of the above are part of the central nervous system.
Q7) List the structures and explain the functions of the respiratory system.
Q8) What is organ transplantation? List several rejection problems.
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Chapter 6: Mechanisms of Disease
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Sample Questions
Q1) The spread of a tumor to another part of the body is called metastasis.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Give an example of a benign tumor and a malignant tumor that arise from epithelial tissue.
Q3) Increasing age is a risk factor in all diseases.
A)True
B)False
Q4) term that usually denotes a malignant tumor that arises from connective tissue
A)neoplasm
B)benign
C)malignant
D)metastasis
E)carcinoma
F)sarcoma
Q5) List and explain the risk factors of disease discussed in this chapter.Which risk factors are capable of being avoided?
Q6) Viruses and prions are considered nonliving.
A)True
B)False
Page 8
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Chapter 7: The Integumentary System and Body
Membranes
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Sample Questions
Q1) a skin condition caused by itch mites
A)impetigo
B)acne
C)tinea
D)warts
E)boils
F)scabies
G)decubitus ulcer
H)squamous cell carcinoma
I)scleroderma
J)psoriasis
K)melanoma
L)Kaposi sarcoma
Q2) Melanoma is a serious form of skin cancer that can develop from a mole.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Describe the three types of birthmarks discussed in the chapter and the likelihood of each resolving without treatment.
Q4) Describe the dermis of the skin.
Q5) Describe the structure of nails.
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Chapter 8: The Skeletal System
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150 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Long bones have one diaphysis and two epiphyses.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which structures allow nutrients to reach the osteocytes through the haversian system?
A) lamellae
B) canaliculi
C) osteons
D) trabeculae
Q3) bone-building cells
A)hematopoiesis
B)diaphysis
C)epiphyses
D)periosteum
E)endosteum
F)osteocytes
G)osteoclasts
H)osteoblasts
I)osteon
J)trabeculae
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Chapter 9: The Muscular System
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Sample Questions
Q1) movement around a longitudinal axis
A)flexion
B)extension
C)abduction
D)adduction
E)supination
F)pronation
G)rotation
H)plantar flexion
I)dorsiflexion
Q2) strap-shaped muscle that runs down the center of the abdomen
A)external oblique
B)gastrocnemius
C)quadriceps
D)intercostal muscles
E)tibialis anterior
F)hamstring muscles
G)gluteus maximus
H)rectus abdominis
Q3) Explain how a severe muscle injury can lead to kidney damage.
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Chapter 10: The Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The effector organ of the knee-jerk reflex is the muscle that extends the knee.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In some severe cases of epilepsy that are unresponsive to medication,doctors will cut the corpus callosum to try to limit the effects of the seizures.Explain why this procedure works.
Q3) The sympathetic nervous system is also called the cerebrosacral system.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Because of its function,the hypothalamus could also be considered part of the endocrine system.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain the effect that stress has on the function of the body.
Q6) Which of the following neurons is classified as a cholinergic fiber?
A) parasympathetic preganglionic neuron
B) sympathetic preganglionic neuron
C) sympathetic postganglionic neuron
D) both A and B
Q7) Explain the symptoms and causes of trigeminal neuralgia and Bell palsy.
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Chapter 11: The Senses
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153 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain myopia,hyperopia,and astigmatism and what means are used to correct these vision disorders.
Q2) Explain the function of the sense of smell.
Q3) Which of the following is not associated with the retina?
A) rods
B) lens
C) cones
D) macula
Q4) connects the middle ear and the throat and helps regulate pressure on the eardrum
A)organ of Corti
B)tympanic membrane
C)eustachian tube
D)stapes
E)semicircular canal
F)cochlea
G)malleus
H)auricle
I)perilymph
J)endolymph
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Chapter 12: The Endocrine System
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144 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) released by the pancreatic islet cells and increases the level of glucose in the blood
A)glucocorticoid
B)follicle-stimulating hormone
C)calcitonin
D)triiodothyronine
E)ADH
F)aldosterone
G)luteinizing hormone
H)oxytocin
I)epinephrine
J)insulin
K)growth hormone
L)parathyroid hormone
M)thymosin
N)glucagon
O)melatonin
P)ACTH
Q2) Explain how insulin and glucagon work together to regulate the blood sugar level.
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Chapter 13: Blood
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is hemophilia,what is its cause,what is the traditional treatment,and why are new treatments being explored?
Q2) Monocytes and macrophages are actually the same cell in different parts of the body.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The pH of blood must stay
A) slightly acid
B) neutral
C) slightly basic
D) moderately acid
Q4) The group of plasma proteins called albumins include antibodies that help the body fight infection.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Lymphatic tissue and myeloid tissue each have the function of hematopoiesis.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Explain the process of blood clot formation.
Q7) What is the INR and what is its use?
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Chapter 14: The Heart
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain how the location of the heart allows for cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
Q2) The right and left coronary arteries are the first branch of the aorta.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A person with sinus dysrhythmia should be treated with an implanted artificial pacemaker.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The sequence of an impulse moving through the conduction system of the heart is
A) sinoatrial node,atrioventricular node,Purkinje fibers,bundles of His
B) atrioventricular node,Purkinje fibers,bundles of His,sinoatrial node
C) sinoatrial node,atrioventricular node,bundles of His,Purkinje fibers
D) sinoatrial node,bundles of His,atrioventricular node,Purkinje fibers
Q5) In AV node heart block,there is no relationship between the P wave and the QRS complex in an electrocardiogram.
A)True
B)False
Q6) The sinoatrial node initiates contraction in the atria.
A)True
B)False
Page 16
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Chapter 15: The Circulation of the Blood
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130 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) As cardiac output goes up,blood pressure goes up.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A varix is a section of an artery that has become abnormally wide.
A)True
B)False
Q3) condition that occludes arteries and weakens the arterial wall
A)gangrene
B)aneurysm
C)cardiogenic shock
D)arteriosclerosis
E)anaphylactic shock
F)phlebitis
G)septic shock
H)varicose veins
I)hypovolemic shock
J)neurogenic shock
Q4) A person with septicemia is at risk for septic shock.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: The Lymphatic System and Immunity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Specific immunity is sometimes called adaptive immunity.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Give an example of a congenital immune deficiency.
Q3) structure that returns about 25% of the lymph from the body back to the blood
A)lacteals
B)Hodgkin disease
C)thymus
D)right lymphatic duct
E)lymph node
F)thoracic duct
G)spleen
H)lymphadenitis
I)pharyngeal tonsil
J)cisterna chyli
Q4) One way that a person acquires lifelong immunity to a particular illness is through the process of memory cells developing from the B cell that was originally exposed to the disease antigen.
A)True
B)False
Page 18
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Chapter 17: The Respiratory System
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Sample Questions
Q1) A person with severe respiratory problems may be put on a ventilator and have oxygen supplied through a tube in the trachea.The oxygen must be "bubbled" through water to replace one of the functions of the upper respiratory tract.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Carbon monoxide has a much higher affinity for hemoglobin than does oxygen.Why does this make exposure to carbon dioxide so dangerous?
Q3) When a person is winded and breathing through the mouth,the inspired air has a higher level of humidity because of the higher amount of moisture in the mouth.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following is not part of the upper respiratory tract?
A) trachea
B) larynx
C) pharynx
D) nose
Q5) Briefly describe the structure of the nose.Describe the paranasal sinuses and their function.
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Chapter 18: The Digestive System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The process of protein digestion begins in the stomach.
A)True
B)False
Q2) List the three kinds of processing that food undergoes in the body and explain where each occurs.
Q3) The ileocecal valve separates the ileum of the small intestine from the cecum of the large intestine.
A)True
B)False
Q4) increases the surface area of the interior wall of the small intestine
A)enamel
B)muscularis layer
C)villi
D)hard palate
E)splenic flexure
F)common bile duct
G)cementum
H)submucosa
I)mesentery
J)hepatic flexure
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Chapter 19: Nutrition and Metabolism
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Sample Questions
Q1) an organic substance that attaches to enzymes and helps them function
A)glycolysis
B)glycogenesis
C)catabolism
D)mineral
E)ATP
F)assimilation
G)TMR
H)citric acid cycle
I)anabolism
J)glucose
K)electron transport chain
L)BMR
M)vitamin
Q2) The end product of glycolysis is the starting substance of the citric acid cycle.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Why is sweating an inefficient way of cooling the body in a humid environment?
Q4) Name and give the function of four vitamins needed by the body.
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Chapter 20: The Urinary System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The outer layer of the kidney is called the renal medulla.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which structure is between the proximal and distal convoluted tubules?
A) Bowman capsule
B) loop of Henle
C) glomerulus
D) renal corpuscle
Q3) Both the glomerulus and the loop of Henle make up the renal corpuscle.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Reabsorption and secretion move material in opposite directions.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Two sphincter muscles regulate urination: the internal urethral sphincter,which is voluntary,and the external urethral sphincter,which is involuntary.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Name the hormones that affect urine production.Give their function and their source.
Page 22
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Chapter 21: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
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Sample Questions
Q1) There is more fluid inside the cells of the body than outside the cells of the body.
A)True
B)False
Q2) a fluid-regulating hormone that is produced by the adrenal cortex
A)ion
B)dehydration
C)intracellular fluid
D)hypokalemia
E)ADH
F)decrease in capillary blood pressure
G)ANH
H)hypocalcemia
I)drop in blood protein levels
J)electrolyte
K)hyponatremia
L)overhydration
M)aldosterone
N)interstitial fluid
O)edema
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Page 23
Chapter 22: Acid-Base Balance
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Sample Questions
Q1) A solution with a pH of 4
A) has 100 times more H+ ions than a solution with a pH of 2
B) has 100 times fewer H+ ions than a solution with a pH of 2
C) is considered an alkaline solution
D) both B and C
Q2) A solution with a pH of 9
A) is an acid solution
B) is an alkaline solution
C) has more OH- ions than H+ ions
D) both B and C
Q3) A solution with a pH of 9 is considered an alkaline solution.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The amount of carbonic acid is lower in the pulmonary vein than it is in the pulmonary artery.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Would you expect the blood in the pulmonary artery or in the pulmonary vein to have the higher pH? Explain your answer.
Page 24
Q6) What is the function of carbonic anhydrase?
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Chapter 23: The Reproductive Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) a swelling of the scrotum caused by part of the intestine that has pushed through the abdominal wall into the scrotum
A)impotence
B)oligospermia
C)epispadias
D)sterility
E)cryptorchidism
F)hydrocele
G)infertility
H)hypospadias
I)inguinal hernia
J)phimosis
Q2) Sexually transmitted diseases and venereal diseases refer to the same types of diseases.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The sperm cell is one of the largest and most specialized cells in the male body.
A)True
B)False
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Page 25
Chapter 24: Growth and Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Stage three of labor is usually the shortest.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The fimbriae are the part of the oviducts that are nearest the ovary.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What changes or developmental events occur during adulthood?
Q4) condition that occurs in about 1 in 20 pregnancies; characterized by hypertension,proteinuria,and edema
A)placenta previa
B)abruptio placentae
C)eclampsia
D)ectopic pregnancy
E)teratogen
F)preeclampsia
G)mastitis
H)puerperal fever
Q5) Identical twins usually share one umbilical cord and one placenta.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 25: Genetics and Genetic Diseases
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Sample Questions
Q1) Both monosomy and trisomy result from nondisjunction.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A chart that illustrates genetic relationships in a family over several generations is called a pedigree.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Explain the cause and symptoms of Turner syndrome.
Q4) a chart that illustrates the genetic relationship in a family over several generations
A)Turner syndrome
B)cystic fibrosis
C)Down syndrome
D)pedigree
E)single-gene disease
F)Klinefelter syndrome
G)karyotype
H)genetic predisposition
I)PKU
J)Punnett square
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