Nursing Fundamentals Test
Preparation
Course Introduction
Nursing Fundamentals provides an introduction to the essential concepts, skills, and values underpinning professional nursing practice. The course covers the history and evolution of nursing, basic human needs, infection control, safety, therapeutic communication, patient assessment, and principles of holistic care. Students will learn foundational nursing procedures, ethical considerations, and legal responsibilities, while developing critical thinking and clinical judgment needed for effective patient care. Emphasis is placed on health promotion, collaboration within the healthcare team, and cultural competence in diverse care settings.
Recommended Textbook
Anatomy and Physiology An Integrative Approach 2nd Edition by McKinley
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29 Chapters
3928 Verified Questions
3928 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Sciences of Anatomy and Physiology
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128 Verified Questions
128 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/40689
Sample Questions
Q1) Which serous membrane covers the surface of an organ
A)The parietal layer
B)The visceral layer
C)The muscle layer
D)The dorsal layer
E)The ventral layer
Answer: B
Q2) Damage to the heart can cause inadequate blood circulation,which can lead to more damage to the heart.This is an example of a positive feedback cycle.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Which is a physiological description rather than an anatomical one
A)The muscles of the intestinal wall contract slowly and involuntarily.
B)The walls of blood capillaries are composed of a thin epithelium.
C)The muscles of the thigh are composed of skeletal muscle tissue.
D)There are fenestrations (openings)in the epithelial cells of capillary walls.
E)The esophageal wall includes a middle layer of dense irregular connective tissue.
Answer: A
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Atoms,Ions,and Molecules
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128 Verified Questions
128 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In general,the number of electrons that would fill an atom's outer shell and make it nonreactive is _______.or or
Answer: eight8octet
Q2) Two atoms that have the same chemical characteristics but different atomic masses are considered __________.or
Answer: isotopesisotope
Q3) Elements in the first column of the periodic table contain one electron in their outer shell.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) Water is the main solute of the body.
A)True
B)False Answer: False
Q5) Oxygen is more electronegative than carbon. A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Energy,Chemical Reactions,and Cellular
Respiration
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125 Verified Questions
125 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A group of enzymes that are physically attached to one another is referred to as a(n)
A)allosteric pathway.
B)metabolic pathway.
C)multienzyme complex.
D)phosphate complex.
Answer: C
Q2) The electron transport chain
A)does not require oxygen,and involves proteins in the outer membrane of mitochondria.
B)does not require oxygen,and involves proteins in the cristae of mitochondria.
C)requires oxygen,and involves proteins in the outer membrane of mitochondria.
D)requires oxygen,and involves proteins in the cristae of mitochondria.
Answer: D
Q3) The presence of an enzyme within a chemical system
A)increases activation energy.
B)decreases activation energy.
C)increases potential energy.
D)does not affect either activation energy or potential energy.
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Biology of the Cell
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151 Verified Questions
151 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Mitochondria engage in aerobic cellular respiration to complete the digestion of fuel molecules to allow for transfer of energy for the synthesis of ATP.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which is a passive transport process
A)Phagocytosis
B)Pinocytosis
C)Receptor-mediated endocytosis
D)Osmosis
E)Ion pump
Q3) Which are the smallest components of the cytoskeleton
A)Microtubules
B)Microfilaments
C)Intermediate filaments
D)Centrosomes
E)Centrioles
Q4) Chromosomes are loose,and chromatin is tightly packed genetic material.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The two identical cells that arise from mitosis are called ____________ cells.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Tissue Organization
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111 Verified Questions
111 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In what tissue would you expect to find very little,if any,extracellular matrix
A)Muscle tissue
B)Nervous tissue
C)Immune tissue
D)Epithelial tissue
E)Connective tissue
Q2) In this image showing connective tissue components,what structure does number 1 indicate
A)Mesenchymal cell
B)Fibroblast
C)Adipocyte
D)Macrophage
E)Extracellular matrix
Q3) Which type of connective tissue predominates in the deep portion of the dermis,where it lends strength to the skin
A)Adipose
B)Dense regular
C)Dense irregular
D)Cartilage
E)Areolar
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Chapter 6: Integumentary System
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122 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which type of hair forms the beard on the faces of males
A)Terminal
B)Lanugo
C)Vellus
D)Nonpigmented
E)Pilus
Q2) What type of epithelium is found in the epidermis
A)Keratinized stratified squamous
B)Nonkeratinized stratified squamous
C)Keratinized stratified cuboidal
D)Nonkeratinized stratitified cuboidal
E)Transitional
Q3) Apocrine sweat glands secrete sweat by having the apical portion of epithelial cells pinch off.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Compared to the young,elderly individuals have _______ epidermal dendritic skin cells.
A)fewer
B)more
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Chapter 7: Skeletal System: Bone Structure and Function
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116 Verified Questions
116 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which affects osteoblast and osteoclast activity
A)Gravity
B)Mechanical stress
C)Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone levels
D)Blood calcium level
E)All of the choices are correct.
Q2) Which hormone normally has a more significant effect on blood calcium levels in adults
A)Calcitonin
B)Parathyroid hormone
Q3) Endochondral ossification is a form of bone growth in which a cartilaginous model is replaced by bone.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which type of cell produces new bone tissue by secreting matrix
A)Osteocytes
B)Osteoclasts
C)Osteoblasts
D)Osteoprogenitor cells
E)Bone-lining cells
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Chapter 8: Skeletal System: Axial and Appendicular
Skeleton
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194 Verified Questions
194 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) This figure shows a superior view of the cranial cavity.Which number indicates the crista galli
A)1
B)3
C)9
D)10
E)The crista galli is not labeled on this figure.
Q2) The seven bones that form the orbit are the maxilla,frontal,nasal,ethmoid,sphenoid,palatine,and zygomatic bones.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of these is not a paranasal sinus
A)Maxillary sinus
B)Ethmoid sinus
C)Sphenoid sinus
D)Mastoid sinus
E)Frontal sinus
Q4) Each vertebral arch is composed of two pedicles and two _____________.
Q6) The ________ forms the inferior portion of the nasal septum. Page 10
Q5) A narrow,slit-like opening through a bone is called a _________.
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Chapter 9: Skeletal System: Articulations
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Sample Questions
Q1) Imagine that you are designing a two-segment robot arm that has the sole function of bending and straightening at a single joint.When designing the robot joint,which joint in the human body would you try to copy What features would your robot joint share with the biological joint Would mobility or stability be your priority
Q2) A joint in which the bone can move in two planes is said to be __________.
Q3) The coracoclavicular ligament is a ______ ligament that connects the clavicle to part of the _______.
A)strong;scapula
B)strong; sternum
C)weak;scapula
D)weak;sternum
Q4) The movement that occurs when the trunk of the body moves in a coronal plane laterally away from the body is
A)adduction.
B)hyperextension.
C)eversion
D)lateral flexion.
E)gliding.
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Chapter 10: Muscle Tissue
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153 Verified Questions
153 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) For a sprint lasting 60 seconds,ATP is supplied primarily by A)aerobic respiration only.
B)phosphate transfer and glycolysis.
C)conversion of lactate to pyruvate.
D)phosphate transfer only.
Q2) During REM sleep,muscle tone decreases significantly.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The metabolic reactions within fast-twitch fibers derive much of their energy from aerobic respiration.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In the hierarchy of skeletal muscle fiber components,the myofibril is made up of myofilaments.
A)True B)False
Q5) When smooth muscle is stretched for a prolonged period of time,it responds by A)contracting. B)relaxing.
Page 13
Q6) The plasma membrane of a skeletal muscle fiber is called the ______________.
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Chapter 11: Muscular System: Axial and Appendicular
Muscles
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183 Verified Questions
183 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) This muscle extends and rotates the vertebral column toward the opposite side of the body.Its origin is on the sacrum and transverse processes of each vertebra and its insertion is the spinous processes of more superior vertebrae.
A)Multifidus
B)Interspinales
C)Intertransversarii
D)Rotators
E)Quadratus lumborum
Q2) Which muscle does not originate on the ischial tuberosity
A)Biceps femoris
B)Semimembranosus
C)Adductor longus
D)Semitendinosus
E)Quadratus femoris
Q3) This figure shows the right anterior forearm.What muscle does number 1 indicate
A)Flexor carpi radialis
B)Brachialis
C)Pronator teres
D)Brachioradialis
E)Palmaris longus
Page 14
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Chapter 12: Nervous System: Nervous Tissue
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158 Verified Questions
158 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Following damage to axons nearby,oligodendrocytes
A)secrete growth factors.
B)do not secrete any chemicals.
C)secrete growth-inhibitory molecules.
D)grow their own fibers to occupy the space.
Q2) Typically,the resting membrane potential of a neuron is
A)7 V.
B)700 mV.
C)-7 V.
D)-70 mV.
E)0 mV.
Q3) A neurotransmitter binds chemically gated ion channels on the postsynaptic cell,causing a depolarization.Functionally,this neurotransmitter can be classified as excitatory.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which division of the nervous system shows a greater capacity for regeneration
A)CNS
B)PNS
Q5) Along an axon,the gaps between neurolemmocytes are called neurofibril
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Chapter 13: Nervous System: Brain and Cranial Nerves
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148 Verified Questions
148 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A football player can hear his coach's voice above the noise of the crowd and can sense an opponent about to run him down.These abilities are due to the action of what part of the brain
A)Hypothalamus
B)Epithalamus
C)Thalamus
D)Pineal body
E)Pons
Q2) An electroencephalogram measures
A)electrical activity in the brain.
B)blood flow in the brain.
C)the use of glucose in the brain.
D)the production of CSF in the brain.
Q3) The lobe that is immediately posterior to the central sulcus and that is involved in general sensory functions is the
A)occipital lobe.
B)temporal lobe.
C)insula.
D)parietal lobe.
E)frontal lobe.
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Chapter 14: Nervous System: Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves
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130 Verified Questions
130 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Clonus often accompanies a ______ reflex after damage has occurred to the brain.
A)cremaster
B)pupillary
C)hypoactive
D)hyperactive
Q2) The anterior spinocerebellar tract conducts signals about
A)pain from the upper limbs.
B)pain from the lower limbs.
C)proprioception from the upper limbs.
D)proprioception from the lower limbs.
Q3) The medial lemniscus is
A)gray matter in the spinal cord that processes information about proprioception and touch.
B)gray matter in the spinal cord that processes information about pain and temperature.
C)white matter in the brainstem that conducts information about proprioception and touch.
D)white matter in the brainstem that conducts information about pain and temperature.
Q4) A specific segment of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve is a ___________.
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Chapter 15: Nervous System: Autonomic Nervous System
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136 Verified Questions
136 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The postganglionic axons from the superior mesenteric ganglion innervate
A)the distal half of the duodenum.
B)part of the pancreas.
C)part of the small intestine.
D)the proximal part of the large intestine.
E)All of the choices are correct.
Q2) Which statements are correct concerning the parasympathetic division of the ANS
A: Contains preganglionic cell bodies in brainstem nuclei
B: Contains preganglionic cell bodies in the lateral horns of the T1-L2 regions
C: Participates in the "fight-or-flight" response
D: Helps maintain homeostasis
E: Contains preganglionic cell bodies in the sacral region of the spinal cord
A)a,d,e
B)a,c,e
C)b,c,d
D)b,c
E)c,d,e
Q3) The ANS functions independently of any influence from the CNS.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: Nervous System: Senses
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145 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When you travel on a moving walkway or an elevator,the linear acceleration of your body is sensed by the A)cochlea.
B)semiciercular canals.
C)utricle and saccule.
D)ossicles.
Q2) Olfactory receptor cells are _____ neurons.
A)multipolar
B)unipolar
C)bipolar
D)nonpolar
E)apolar
Q3) The function of the ossicles is to
A)detect acceleration of the head.
B)amplify sound waves and transmit them to the inner ear.
C)determine static head position.
D)support the tympanic membrane and protect hair cells of the inner ear.
E)initiate action potentials that propagate to the inner ear.
Q4) _________ receptors respond continuously to a stimulus at a constant rate.Bloom's: Remember
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Chapter 17: Endocrine System
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121 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) This figure shows the pituitary gland.Which numbers indicate structures that belong to the anterior pituitary
A)2,3,4
B)5,6
C)6
D)3,4,5
E)1,2
Q2) Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)is secreted by the
A)hypothalamus,and it targets cells of the posterior pituitary gland
B)hypothalamus,and it targets cells of the anterior pituitary gland.
C)anterior pituitary,and it targets follicular cells of the thyroid gland.
D)posterior pituitary,and it targets parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland.
E)thyroid gland,and it targets cells of the parathyroid gland.
Q3) Where are the target cells for follicle-stimulating hormone
A)Thyroid follicles
B)Ovaries and testes
C)Mammary glands
D)Uterus
E)Hair follicles
Q4) Modified amino acids that act as hormones are referred to as ________ amines.
Page 20
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Chapter 18: Cardiovascular System: Blood
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132 Verified Questions
132 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Simply put,antibodies are molecules on the lookout for antigens.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The extrinsic pathway is a clotting system that is initiated by chemicals that come from outside the body.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The rupture of erythrocytes is called ____________.
Q4) The life span of an erythrocyte is about _________ days.
A)10
B)30
C)60
D)120
E)360
Q5) If a patient becomes dehydrated,the percentage of plasma in a centrifuged sample of his or her blood would likely
A)increase.
B)decrease.
C)not change.
Q6) The percentage of volume of red blood cells is called the _______________.
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Chapter 19: Cardiovascular System: Heart
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138 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Each of the receiving chambers of the heart has a wrinkled flaplike extension;the one that is more visible from an anterior view is the
A)interatrial septum.
B)interventricular septum.
C)left auricle.
D)right auricle.
Q2) The main functions of the cardiovascular system include the transport and exchange of respiratory gases,nutrients,and wastes throughout the body.
A)True
B)False
Q3) To initiate a cardiac muscle cell contraction,calcium
A)binds to calmodulin.
B)binds to troponin.
C)binds to actin.
D)binds to the Z-disc.
E)binds to tropomyosin.
Q4) The _______________ cardiac vein travels alongside the right marginal artery.
Q5) ________________ innervation increases the rate and the force of heart contraction.
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Chapter 20: Cardiovascular System: Vessels and Circulation
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Sample Questions
Q1) The superior vena cava is formed by the merging of the _______ veins.
A)internal thoracic
B)inferior epigastric
C)lumbar
D)brachiocephalic
E)internal jugular
Q2) As a venous pathway moves closer to the heart,the veins
A)get smaller.
B)get larger.
C)show no change in their lumen size.
Q3) In the fetus,the blood from the umbilical vein is shunted away from the liver and sent to the inferior vena cava through the ductus ______________.
Q4) Systolic pressure is greater than diastolic pressure due to the force generated by ventricular contraction.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Formed primarily of tunica intima and strengthened by elastic and collagen fibers,the _________________ in veins prevent blood from pooling.
Q6) _________________ capillaries have pores within each endothelial cell.
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Chapter 21: Lymphatic System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Lymph nodes
A)filter lymph.
B)contain a dense network of collagen fibers.
C)serve as auxiliary exchange surfaces for respiratory gases.
D)produce red blood cells.
E)serve as the main recycling centers for red blood cells and their parts.
Q2) Which is not drained by the right lymphatic duct
A)Right side of abdomen
B)Right side of thorax
C)Right side of head and neck
D)Right shoulder
E)Right arm
Q3) The path that fluid takes as it enters a lymphatic capillary is through
A)pores (fenestrations)in the cells of the capillary wall.
B)cell membrane leakage channels that allow diffusion.
C)vesicles that move the fluid across the cell (transcytosis).
D)spaces between capillary endothelial cells that are arranged as one-way flaps.
E)active transport protein pumps on endothelial cell membranes.
Q4) Migration of cancerous cells through the lymphatic system to other regions of the body is called ______________.
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Chapter 22: Immune System and the Bodys Defense
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Sample Questions
Q1) Inflammation is a(n)
A)antigen-specific process that occurs in avascular tissue.
B)antigen-specific process that occurs in vascularized tissue.
C)nonspecific process that occurs in avascular tissue.
D)nonspecific process that occurs in vascularized tissue.
Q2) Which cells resemble basophils and are found in connective tissue,close to small blood vessels
A)Dendritic cells
B)Mast cells
C)NK cells
D)Alveolar macrophages
E)Cytokines
Q3) When they leave the red marrow,pre-T-lymphocytes have
A)only the CD4 protein.
B)only the CD8 protein.
C)both the CD4 and CD8 proteins.
D)neither the CD4 nor CD8 protein.
E)either the CD4 or CD8 protein.
Q4) Lymphocytes that are able to bind and respond to antigen are said to be
25
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Chapter 23: Respiratory System
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Sample Questions
Q1) In these views of the trachea,what structure does number 1 indicate
A)Trachealis muscle
B)Thyroid cartilage
C)Cricoid cartilage
D)Anular ligament
E)Tracheal cartilage
Q2) Parasympathetic innervation to the lungs is from the ________ nerves.or or or
Q3) Foreign particles that are not filtered out by the respiratory epithelium are
A)dissolved by enzymes in the alveoli.
B)coughed up during normal daily activities.
C)collected by lymph nodes.
D)carried away in blood.
E)stored in nearby pulmonary alcoves.
Q4) According to Boyle's law,the pressure of a gas _________ if the volume of its container increases.
A)increases
B)decreases
C)remains the same
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Chapter 24: Urinary System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The muscularis layer of the urinary bladder is commonly called the _____ muscle.
A)detrusor
B)trigone
C)extrusor
D)extrinsic
Q2) Micturition
A)is another name for urination.
B)is a reflex triggered by stretch receptors in the urinary bladder.
C)requires the opening of two sphincters.
D)requires contraction of the muscularis layer of the urinary bladder.
E)All of the choices are correct.
Q3) Which class of nephron is crucially important in establishing a salt concentration gradient in the kidney so that urine concentration can be regulated
A)Intercalated nephrons
B)Juxtamedullary nephrons
C)Adrenal nephrons
D)Cortical nephrons
Q4) Passive movement of water and solutes from the plasma to the capsular space of kidney corpuscles is a process known as __________.
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Chapter 25: Fluid and Electrolytes
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Sample Questions
Q1) Renal compensation for acidosis results in
A)urine with a high pH and an elevation of blood bicarbonate levels.
B)urine with a high pH and a decline of blood bicarbonate levels.
C)urine with a low pH and an elevation of blood bicarbonate levels.
D)urine with a low pH and a decline of blood bicarbonate levels.
Q2) Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)inhibits the release of aldosterone,ADH,and renin.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Severe diarrhea leads to a decrease in the pH of the blood.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Impaired renal function within the elderly elevates their risk for acid-base imbalance.
A)True
B)False
Q5) When comparing two individuals of the same body weight,the one with more muscle and less fat will have a higher percentage of fluid in their body.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 26: Digestive System
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Sample Questions
Q1) A complex carbohydrate that consists of several repeating units of simple sugars is referred to as a _________.
Q2) Lipid molecules that are absorbed from the GI tract enter
A)mesenteric arteries.
B)mesenteric veins.
C)lymphatic capillaries.
D)the liver.
Q3) This figure shows an intestinal villus.What specific layer does number 4 indicate
A)Circular layer of muscularis
B)Longitudinal layer of muscularis
C)Lamina propria
D)Basement membrane
E)Muscularis mucosae
Q4) Where are the transverse palatine folds located
A)Soft palate
B)Glossopalatine arch
C)Hard palate
D)Pharyngopalatine arch
E)Labial frenulum
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Chapter 27: Nutrition and Metabolism
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Sample Questions
Q1) Vitamin _____ is crucial for the absorption of calcium from the gastrointestinal tract.Therefore,a deficiency in this vitamin may result in rickets and other bone abnormalities.
Q2) Imagine that you were asked to provide advice to a young adolescent about how to engage in healthy eating.The adolescent doesn't know much about nutrition,but likes to browse the Internet.What suggestions might you give for that young person for online learning and careful choices in the supermarket
Q3) The majority of the bile salts synthesized from cholesterol are removed from the body as a component of feces.
A)True B)False
Q4) The major regulatory hormone of the postabsorptive state is ___________.
Q5) A nonessential amino acid is one that A)is not used in any physiological functions. B)can be made within the body. C)has the same structure as one of the other amino acids. D)needs to come from the diet.
Q6) Explain the different types of vegetarians and the ways by which they meet their dietary needs regarding proteins.
Page 30
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Chapter 28: Reproductive System
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Sample Questions
Q1) This figure shows a posterior view of the organs of the female reproductive system.What structures does number 6 indicate
A)Mesosalpinx
B)Fimbriae
C)Ovarian tubules
D)Cilia
E)Mesovaria
Q2) Which type of ovarian follicle contains a secondary oocyte
A)Secondary follicle
B)Primary follicle
C)Mature follicle
D)Primordial follicle
E)Polar follicle
Q3) The clitoris is homologous to the penis.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The final products of the two meiotic divisions are four haploid daughter cells from an original diploid cell.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 29: Development,Pregnancy,and Heredity
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
127 Verified Questions
127 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/40661
Sample Questions
Q1) Late in pregnancy,levels of estrogen and oxytocin rise.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What is expelled during the expulsion stage of labor
A)Colostrum
B)The fetus
C)The placenta and remaining fetal membranes
D)Only amniotic fluid
Q3) Describe the main functions of the placenta.
Q4) By the 4th month of pregnancy,the fundus of the uterus is located inches below the ________ and by the ninth month it is located at the level of the ____________.
A)urinary bladder;umbilicus
B)umbilicus;xiphoid process
C)diaphragm;laryngeal prominence
D)pubic symphysis;heart
Q5) The release of breast milk that occurs when a mother hears a crying child is called the milk ________ reflex.
Q6) Difficulty with breathing that may accompany physical exertions of a pregnant woman is called __________.
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