Nursing Fundamentals
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Course Introduction
Nursing Fundamentals introduces students to the essential principles and practices of the nursing profession, forming the cornerstone of their clinical education. This course covers foundational concepts such as the nursing process, patient safety, effective communication, basic human needs, and ethical and legal responsibilities in healthcare. Students will learn basic clinical skills, including vital signs assessment, infection control, hygiene care, mobility assistance, and documentation. Emphasis is placed on holistic, patient-centered care across the lifespan, cultural competence, and collaboration within the healthcare team. Through a combination of classroom instruction and hands-on practice, students gain the knowledge and confidence necessary for safe and effective entry-level nursing care.
Recommended Textbook
Nursing A Concept Based Approach to Learning Volume II 2nd Edition by Pearson Education
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Page 2
Chapter 22: Addiction
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Sample Questions
Q1) A client who is attending a Narcotics Anonymous (NA)program asks the nurse what the most important initial goal of attending the meetings is.When responding to the client,which will the nurse take into account?
A) To admit to having a problem
B) To learn problem-solving skills
C) To take a moral inventory of self
D) To make amends to people they have hurt
Answer: A
Q2) The client with a history of alcohol abuse is being discharged for a treatment facility.Which prescription does the nurse anticipate for this client?
A) Disulfiram
B) Naloxone
C) Bupropion hydrochloride
D) Varenicline
Answer: A
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Chapter 23: Cognition
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Sample Questions
Q1) The staff on a care area that has a high percentage of clients with confusion attends an educational program on delirium management.Which statement,made by a staff nurse,indicates that teaching has been effective?
A) "It is important to provide education for family members as needed."
B) "Sensory deprivation and overstimulation can worsen the symptoms the client exhibits."
C) "Decreasing all stimulation in the client's room is essential."
D) "The family should involve the client in all conversations and interactions involving care."
Answer: B
Q2) The nurse is working with a group of parents of children with intellectual disabilities.Which should the nurse recommend to support environmental safety for these children? Select all that apply.
A) Have parents maintain a regular schedule for activities.
B) Teach emotional safety.
C) Use medications to decrease agitation.
D) Provide aids to assist with orientation.
E) Turn the temperature down on the hot water heater.
Answer: B,E
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Page 4
Chapter 24: Culture and Diversity
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse caring for an adult client from another country notices that the client consults with her mother on all healthcare decisions.What action by the nurse is the most culturally competent?
A) Ask the client why the parent is being consulted for every decision.
B) Accept the behavior of the client and family member.
C) Ask the client's mother to leave the room to provide the client with more privacy.
D) Confront the client's mother to state the importance of the client making her own decisions.
Answer: B
Q2) The novice nurse working in an inner-city hospital that serves a diverse client population states "I want to learn everything possible about all of the clients." Which response by the seasoned nurse is appropriate?
A) "I will give you a great book that describes all of the critical factors."
B) "You should always be nonjudgmental."
C) "This will come with time as you get to know clients and then encounter problems."
D) "You need to first understand who you are."
Answer: D
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Page 5
Chapter 25: Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse is interviewing the mother of a child who is being evaluated for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).When assessing the child's health history,which would the nurse identify as a risk factor for ADHD?
A) The measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine
B) The immune response of the child
C) Young parental age at conception
D) Smoking during pregnancy
Q2) While conducting a well-child assessment,the nurse suspects a 2-month-old has failure to thrive (FTT).Which height and weight measurement parameter should the nurse use to help diagnose this health problem?
A) Height and weight below the 50th percentile
B) Height and weight below the 15th percentile
C) Height and weight below the 5th percentile
D) Height and weight below the 10th percentile
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6
Chapter 26: Family
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Sample Questions
Q1) While attending a community health fair,the nurse observes the children of one family walking quietly behind the father with their mother and periodically shyly asking the father questions.The father responds gruffly and continues walking while the children and mother scurry behind to keep up.What does this observation indicate to the nurse? Select all that apply.
A) The father is in a hurry.
B) The father is the leader in the family.
C) The children are not to bother the father.
D) The children need discipline.
E) The mother's role is to care for the children.
Q2) A nurse is caring for a preschool-age client who was admitted for dehydration.The child lives with the parents and maternal grandparents.In which type of family does this child reside?
A) Blended family
B) Extended
C) Two-career family
D) Traditional family
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Chapter 27: Grief and Loss
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Sample Questions
Q1) An older adult client is informed that it is no longer safe for the client to drive at night due to the development of night blindness.Which client statement prompts the nurse to plan a family care conference for the client?
A) "I will limit my driving to daytime hours."
B) "I guess I'll get help when I need to go out at night."
C) "In the summer, I will be able to drive longer."
D) "I expected this to happen eventually, but I think I still see okay at night."
Q2) The sibling of an adolescent client with Down syndrome was hit by a car and killed.The mother plans to hold the funeral before the client gets out of the hospital.Which is the most appropriate response by the nurse when the mother asks if this is the right decision to make?
A) "You should let the rest of the family decide on whether the client should attend the funeral."
B) "You should make the decision when you are feeling better."
C) "You made the right choice in holding the funeral now."
D) "You should let the client choose to attend the funeral or not."
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Chapter 28: Mood and Affect
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Sample Questions
Q1) A client in the manic phase of bipolar disorder will not sit down to eat.Which can the nurse do to ensure adequate nutrition and improved self-care of this client? Select all that apply.
A) Provide a sedative before meals.
B) Discuss finger-food options with the dietitian.
C) Use a jacket restraint at meal times.
D) Ask the healthcare provider if intravenous feedings would be applicable.
E) Provide frequent nutritious snacks.
Q2) A client experiencing situational depression after losing a good job tells the nurse,"I am tired of always having to start over." Which actions by the nurse are appropriate based on this data? Select all that apply.
A) Ask what the client has done in the past to make "starting over" so successful.
B) Suggest the client talk with the physician about medications to help his mood.
C) Remind the client that an alcoholic beverage with the evening meal could help with stress.
D) Encourage the client to take the time to rest and relax.
E) Encourage the client to maintain a consistent exercise plan.
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Chapter 29: Self
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse is providing care to a client diagnosed with a personality disorder.Which treatment options does the nurse anticipate for this client? Select all that apply.
A) Antipsychotic medication
B) Antidepressant medication
C) Cognitive behavioral therapy
D) Nutritional counseling
E) Weight management program
Q2) The nurse is providing care to an adolescent client who has a history of vomiting after eating.Which diagnostic tests does the nurse anticipate when providing care to this client? Select all that apply.
A) Complete blood count
B) Serum electrolytes
C) BUN and creatinine
D) Urine drug screen
E) Barium enema
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Chapter 30: Spirituality
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Sample Questions
Q1) The family of a terminally ill client requests that the client not be informed of the diagnosis.Which moral principle does the request violate?
A) Justice
B) Veracity
C) Beneficence
D) Nonmaleficence
Q2) The nurse is providing care to a client diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus.The client wishes to take Communion but must fast for one hour prior to receiving it.Which action by the nurse is most appropriate?
A) Contact the healthcare provider to suggest an alternative form of nutrition because the client is refusing to eat or drink.
B) Provide the client with breakfast and morning medication and encourage the client to eat and take Communion some other time.
C) Find out when the hospital clergy will be distributing Communion and adjust the client's medications and breakfast accordingly.
D) Suggest that because the client is hospitalized, eating and drinking will not affect the Communion.
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11
Chapter 31: Stress and Coping
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which is the role of the nurse when providing care to a client diagnosed with a phobia?
A) Providing comfort and alleviating emotional distress
B) Encouraging the client to confront fears
C) Providing medication to help reduce the symptoms of the disorder
D) Telling the client that the hospital is a safe place
Q2) Which is the priority nursing action when providing care to a client who demonstrate signs of escalating anxiety?
A) Isolate the client in a safe, quiet, and protective environment.
B) Leave the client alone in a room.
C) Provide a benzodiazepine.
D) Phone the physician.
Q3) When planning interventions to address a client's crisis,which actions by the nurse are appropriate?
A) Develop the plan prior to meeting with the client.
B) Conduct a complete assessment.
C) Determine follow-up.
D) Focus on long-term problems.
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Chapter 32: Violence
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Sample Questions
Q1) A client is brought into the emergency department after being assaulted.It is suspected that the client has a spinal cord injury.Which diagnostic test does the nurse anticipate based on the data collected?
A) Computed tomography (CT) scan
B) X-ray
C) Ultrasound
D) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Q2) The nurse is caring for a client that is the victim of domestic violence and is visited by the spouse in the hospital.Which action by the nurse supports the client?
A) Call the police to have the spouse arrested for assault.
B) Refuse to permit the spouse to visit with the client.
C) Call security to have the spouse removed.
D) Ask the client if there is anything that is needed at this time.
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13
Chapter 33: Reproduction
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse is providing care to a client who is experiencing nausea and vomiting during the first trimester of pregnancy.Which actions by the nurse are appropriate based on this data? Select all that apply.
A) Notify the healthcare provider that the client is experiencing hyperemesis gravidarum.
B) Educate the client to notify the healthcare provider if she vomits once per day
C) Suggest the client use acupressure to pressure points on the wrist
D) Teach the client that ginger may relieve her symptoms
E) Caution the client against using over-the-counter medications such as over-the-counter antihistamines
Q2) The nurse is providing care to a client in labor who experiences spontaneous rupture of membranes.The fetus is in the vertex position.The nurse notes that the amniotic fluid is meconium stained.Based on this data,which is the priority action by the nurse?
A) Notifying the healthcare provider that birth is imminent
B) Changing the client's position in bed
C) Beginning continuous fetal heart rate monitoring
D) Administering oxygen at 2 liters per minute
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Chapter 34: Assessment
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse is assessing an older adult client during a routine health maintenance visit.To assess the client's range of motion of the knees,which action by the nurse is appropriate?
A) Seat the client and extend the knee until the client alerts the nurse of severe pain.
B) Seat the client and instruct to alert the nurse of any pain.
C) Place the client prone and gently lift the entire leg.
D) Have the client stand and extend the knee as far as it will go.
Q2) The nurse is reviewing the medical record for a school-age client prior to a scheduled health maintenance visit.Which data indicates the client is overweight?
A) A BMI of > 85th percentile.
B) A BMI of > 95th percentile.
C) A 25 percentage point increase in weight in 6 months is categorized as being overweight, regardless of the baseline (e.g., 6 month's previous) percentile.
D) A 35 percentage points in 6 months is categorized as being overweight, regardless of the baseline (e.g., 6 month's previous) percentile.
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15
Chapter 35: Caring Interventions
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Sample Questions
Q1) During a performance appraisal,a unit manager praises a staff nurse on the ability to use presencing when caring for terminally ill clients.What did the nurse demonstrate that would exemplify this caring behavior? Select all that apply.
A) Face-to-face discussions with clients
B) Instructing clients on how they should perform certain functions
C) Sitting quietly with clients
D) Taking the time to hold a client's hand
E) Guaranteeing quality and safety in care
Q2) During a care conference the nursing student differentiates between the different theories of caring when discussing client care.Which type of knowledge is the student demonstrating?
A) Aesthetic knowing
B) Ethical knowing
C) Personal knowing
D) Empirical knowing
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Chapter 36: Clinical Decision Making
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse is prioritizing care activities that are to be completed for a group of clients.From highest to lowest priority,list the order in which the nurse should complete the listed activities.
A) Measure blood pressure before administering antihypertensive medication.
B) Request dietary consult for gluten-free diet.
C) Remove an intravenous access device infusing chemotherapy.
D) Change a dressing on an arm wound.
E) Call a family member to bring in shoes.
F) Ambulate to the bathroom using a walker.
Q2) The nurse is caring for an older school-age client who is sleeping when the menu choices for dinner are brought to the room.Which intervention should the nurse use to meet the dietary needs of this client?
A) Wake the child to choose a meal for dinner.
B) Order chicken nuggets because most children like this meal.
C) Ask the dietary worker to come back later.
D) Ask the parents to bring dinner from home for the client.
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17
Chapter 37: Collaboration
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Sample Questions
Q1) The case manager assembles a team of healthcare professionals,including the client's primary healthcare provider,physical therapist,and social worker,for the purpose of collaborative discharge planning and decision making.Which type of team did the case manager assemble? Select all that apply.
A) Intradisciplinary team
B) Interdisciplinary team
C) Primary nursing care team
D) Management team
Q2) A group of nurses are in a staff meeting on a medical-surgical unit headed by the new unit nurse manager.The manager announces that nurses should not criticize and make fun of other nurses or there will be repercussions.Several nurses at the meeting suggest that the nurse manager talk to the individual nurses who are exhibiting this behavior.When assessing the staff's group dynamics,which action by the nurse manager is appropriate?
A) Insist that this is an appropriate new policy.
B) Recognize that the group has already defined behavioral norms.
C) Discipline the staff nurses who spoke out.
D) Request a transfer to another unit.
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18
Chapter 38: Communication
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse is providing care to a visually impaired client who is scheduled for a colonoscopy.The client requires a bowel prep prior to the diagnostic test.Which approach will the nurse use to facilitate the client's understanding of the material?
A) Use layman's term and ask the client to describe the procedure afterwards.
B) Explanation the procedure to the client using medical terms for clarity.
C) Focus on intonation when teaching the client.
D) Speak slowly to the client.
Q2) The nurse is caring for a client who is having difficulty understanding the wound care dressing changes that need to be completed in the home after discharge.The client asks the nurse to demonstrate the procedure again and allow the client's spouse to perform the procedure while the nurse watches.Which is the most likely outcome of this assertive request by the client?
A) A slightly increased chance that the wound will become infected due to exposure during dressing changes.
B) Less compassionate care for the client due to the spouse's irritation by the request.
C) A greater likelihood that the wound will heal appropriately.
D) A guarantee that the spouse will change the dressings correctly.
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Chapter 39: Managing Care
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Sample Questions
Q1) A client who is experiencing an exacerbation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)will be discharged after a week's stay in the hospital.The client tells the nurse,"I can't believe how much better I am feeling now." Which is the rationale for why the client is feeling better?
A) The client appreciates the various levels of care given.
B) Appropriate scheduling of the client's care by all disciplines allowed the client to rest.
C) The client was kept busy each day.
D) The client's disease process having been stopped.
Q2) A postoperative client is transferred to the medical-surgical unit from the intensive care unit (ICU).The client asks the assigned nurse why unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP)help with range-of-motion exercises.Which is the best response by the nurse?
A) "Your condition has improved so I delegated that part of your care to the UAP."
B) "You do not need me to ambulate you."
C) "The charge nurse made the decision to have the UAP assist you when walking."
D) "I assigned all of your care to the UAP."
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Chapter 40: Professional Behaviors
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Sample Questions
Q1) The staff nurse observes the student nurse's behavior on the unit,and notes the student is always on time,neat in appearance,and caring toward clients.Which conclusion regarding the student's level of professional commitment is most appropriate?
A) A pattern of behaviors congruent with the nurses' professional code of ethics
B) A strong belief in and acceptance of the company's goals, values, and mores
C) A willingness to be able to exert control over personal behaviors
D) A strong desire to be a part of a group
Q2) The nurses on the cardiology unit are unhappy with their nurse manager.The nurses complain that the manager is "inflexible and impersonal." Which type of leadership is this nurse manager most likely using?
A) Bureaucratic
B) Autocratic
C) Laissez-faire
D) Situational
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21
Chapter 41: Teaching and Learning
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Sample Questions
Q1) A home health nurse is working with a client who has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Which nursing diagnosis will take the highest priority for implementing client education?
A) Impaired Gas Exchange
B) Ineffective Breathing Pattern
C) Anxiety
D) Activity Intolerance
Q2) The nurse on the intensive care unit (ICU)likes the fact that the nurse manager has helped improve the overall performance of the unit by actively communicating during the performance appraisal process.Which career development strategy is exhibited by this nurse manager?
A) Coaching
B) Autocratic
C) Laissez-faire
D) Situational
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22
Chapter 42: Accountability
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Sample Questions
Q1) A student nurse is trying to explain nursing to family members.Which contemporary aspects of nursing might the student nurse include in the explanation? Select all that apply.
A) Nursing is a science.
B) Nursing is easy.
C) Nursing is a new profession.
D) Nursing is focused on illness.
E) Nursing is holistic.
Q2) A nurse obtains certification to provide direct client care,educate others,consult,conduct research,and manage oncology care.Which expanded nursing role best describes this nurse's career position?
A) Nurse anesthetist
B) Clinical nurse specialist
C) Nurse educator
D) Nurse researcher
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Chapter 43: Advocacy
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Q1) An operating room (OR)nurse notices that the nurse-anesthesiologist for the next scheduled surgery seems to be unsteady.When the OR nurses comes closer to the anesthesiologist,a strong odor of alcohol is noted.Which actions by the OR nurse are appropriate? Select all that apply.
A) Assume that the surgeon is handling any problem.
B) Immediately report it to a supervisor.
C) Respect the privacy of the anesthesiologist.
D) Decide that a professional coworker is unlikely to come to the OR impaired.
E) Follow the state board guidelines.
Q2) The nurse taking care of a Vietnamese client knows to respect the client's cultural views and honor traditions regarding healthcare decision making.In order to be an effective advocate,which factors are important to the nurse? Select all that apply.
A) Being assertive and recognizing the rights and values of clients and families
B) Being aware that conflicts may arise
C) Understanding that advocacy may require political action
D) Evaluating advocacy decisions
E) Honoring societal differences
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Page 24
Chapter 44: Ethics
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Q1) A hospice nurse is working closely with a client who,on several occasions,has asked about guidance and support in ending life.The nurse recognizes which in regard to making ethical and moral decisions in this circumstance?
A) Euthanasia has legal implications along with moral and ethical ones.
B) Passive euthanasia is an easy decision to arrive at.
C) Active euthanasia is supported in the Code for Nurses.
D) Assisted suicide is illegal in all states.
Q2) What are some reasons the nurse might withhold food and fluids from a client? Select all that apply.
A) A competent and informed client refuses them.
B) A son decides that it is his father's time to die.
C) It is determined to be more harmful to administer them than to withhold them.
D) A schizophrenic client believes that they are being poisoned.
E) The nurse thinks that the client is in too much pain.
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Chapter 45: Evidence-Based Practice
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Sample Questions
Q1) A nurse educator is working with a group of nurses who are working toward earning a graduate degree.The group is interested in replication studies.Which study would be the most appropriate given the changing demographics in the United States?
A) Studying the ability of families to adapt to acute health problems
B) Studying how effective use of supplies affects the cost of care
C) Studying the ability of an aging population to care for itself
D) Studying how new technology affects care of clients
Q2) The nurse manager for a medical-surgical nursing unit is talking to a group of nursing students.The nurse manager is explaining the types of nursing research studies that are conducted on the unit.Which statement by the students indicates understanding about the nature of nursing research?
A) "Nursing research does not include nursing education."
B) "Nursing research does not include the study of nurses themselves."
C) "Nursing research impacts nursing by adding knowledge and changing nursing practice."
D) "Nursing research is used to enhance medical treatment."
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Chapter 46: Health Care Systems
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Q1) The nurse is participating on a local council as an advisor regarding community needs during an emergency.Which recommendation regarding community needs during an emergency response does the nurse include when advising the council?
A) A coordinated response to emergencies.
B) A comprehensive disaster plan.
C) Programs to restore the community.
D) The identification of potential hazards to the community.
Q2) At a local seminar discussing healthcare resources,the nurse discusses the phenomenon that healthcare resources are declining while costs for health care are increasing.An older adult in attendance asks the speaker why it has become so difficult to obtain needed care and services.Which response by the nurse is the most appropriate?
A) "There is increased cost due to the increased incidence of malpractice lawsuits."
B) "There is a decrease in the number of adults needing care."
C) "There are not enough medications produced for those who need them."
D) "There are plenty of nurses but not enough doctors."
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Chapter 47: Health Policy
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Sample Questions
Q1) A local health system implemented a number of health promotion policies and plans to prioritize health problems.The system must now evaluate the effectiveness of the interventions.Which groups are stakeholders in this initiative and would be involved in the evaluation process?
A) Only consumers who were directly affected by the services provided
B) Consumers, community leaders, and politicians
C) Only hospital and clinic personnel who administered healthcare needs
D) Healthcare providers employed by other health systems
Q2) A student nurse will be attending clinical at the local health department.When preparing for the clinical experience,the student researches programs offered by health departments.Which programs did the student most likely find during the research? Select all that apply.
A) Injury prevention campaigns
B) Lead poisoning prevention efforts
C) Nutritional programs
D) Disease prevention efforts
E) Workplace safety inspections
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Chapter 48: Informatics
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse educator trains case managers on the use of an electronic medical record when providing client care.Which participant statements indicate that training has been effective? Select all that apply.
A) "The record reduces the cost of health care."
B) "The record allows trending of client progress."
C) "Client education is to be documented in the system."
D) "Quality metrics can be observed to reduce readmission rates."
E) "Coordination of care is improved."
Q2) A rural home health nurse is caring for a client recovering from a myocardial infarction.The client is concerned that the community clinic does not have the ability to provide the necessary monitoring for the health problem.Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?
A) "It is not necessary for you to be monitored after a myocardial infarction."
B) "Through technological advances such as telehealth, we can send your information to the cardiologist."
C) "You are right. We will be sending you to the city every month."
D) "We use an intranet in this facility."
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Page 29
Chapter 49: Legal Issues
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse on the medical unit is admitting a client.When the nurse asks the client about advance directives,the client states,"I have a living will." Which is the purpose of a living will?
A) Provides specific instructions about type of medications the client requires to sustain life
B) Provides specific instructions about what medical treatment the client chooses to omit or refuse in the event they can no longer make decisions for themselves
C) Provides specific instructions about who will make healthcare decisions if the client cannot
D) Provides specific instructions about how decisions are to be made if the client is unable to make the decisions
Q2) A novice nurse attends a lecture regarding risk management.Which action should the nurse implement to reduce risks in practice?
A) Not discussing errors made
B) Questioning every order that the physician writes
C) Purchasing liability insurance
D) Storing unused equipment in the halls of the unit
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Chapter 50: Quality Improvement
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12 Verified Questions
12 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse manager is conducting audits to help increase efficiency and reduce costs to enhance the quality of client care.Which suggestion by the manager may occur as a result of these audits?
A) Conduct a wound care study to enhance client outcomes.
B) Install cameras to detect abuse of the clients.
C) Acquire new client care equipment.
D) Decrease staffing on the unit.
Q2) The nurse manager is planning to implement the Lean Six Sigma system on the nursing unit to improve the quality of care.Which should the manager implement when following this model?
A) Shortening break time
B) Ordering more supplies than needed on the unit to ensure they never run out
C) Replacing a licensed staff member with unlicensed assistive personnel
D) Decreasing staff when the census is low
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Chapter 51: Safety
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Sample Questions
Q1) A client in the intensive care unit is combative and pulling at the endotracheal tube,which must remain in place.After applying soft hand restraints to protect the client's airway,which action should the nurse take next?
A) Notify the primary healthcare provider.
B) Notify the family of the need for restraints.
C) Reassess the need for the restraints in 8 hours.
D) Document the application of restraints in the chart.
Q2) The nursing instructor is educating a group of nursing students on sports-related injuries.Which comment made by a student nurse would indicate to the nursing instructor the need for further instruction?
A) "Clients who participate in sports, strenuous exercise, or athletics of any kind should be educated about the dangers of unreported head injuries."
B) "Adolescents are at the greatest risk for not reporting sports-related injuries."
C) "Young adults are at the greatest risk for not reporting sports-related injuries."
D) "Clients who have been injured playing a sport need to be counseled on the risks of unreported concussions."
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