Nursing Fundamentals
Solved Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Nursing Fundamentals introduces students to the essential concepts, skills, and attitudes required for entry-level nursing practice. This course covers foundational topics such as the nursing process, patient safety, basic human needs, communication techniques, documentation, infection control, and vital signs assessment. Students gain hands-on practice in providing compassionate, evidence-based care, while learning to collaborate effectively within the healthcare team. Emphasis is placed on professional and ethical responsibilities, cultural competence, and critical thinking skills necessary for promoting health and supporting patients across the lifespan.
Recommended Textbook Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology 12th Edition by Elaine N. Marieb
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16 Chapters
2217 Verified Questions
2217 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/1666
2
Chapter 1: The Human Body: An Orientation
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128 Verified Questions
128 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/33022
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT considered a nutrient?
A) carbohydrates
B) proteins
C) water
D) minerals
E) vitamins
Answer: C
Q2) What accounts for 60 to 80 percent of the body's weight?
A) water
B) carbon
C) carbohydrates
D) minerals
Answer: A
Q3) Andy sustained a baseball hit to his cranial cavity. Which bones were fractured?
A) ribs
B) vertebrae
C) hips
D) skull
Answer: D
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Basic Chemistry
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118 Verified Questions
118 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the role of the electron in chemical bond formation.
Answer: When the valence shell of an atom contains fewer than 8 electrons, an atom will tend to gain, lose, or share electrons with other atoms to reach a stable state. As a result, chemical bonds such as covalent bonds or ionic bonds are formed.
Q2) Trans fats are oils that have been solidified by the addition of ________.
A) oxygen atoms
B) carbon atoms
C) hydrogen atoms
D) nitrogen atoms
E) phosphorus-containing groups
Answer: C
Q3) Which of the following statements about RNA is True?
A) RNA is a single nucleotide strand.
B) RNA is composed of the bases cytosine, guanine, adenine, and thymine.
C) RNA is found only in the nucleus of the cell.
D) RNA contains a sugar called deoxyribose.
E) RNA is the genetic material found within the cell nucleus.
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Cells and Tissues
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142 Verified Questions
142 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Chromatin and chromosomes are both composed of DNA.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Type of active process in which the cell engulfs extracellular substances by phagocytosis or pinocytosis
A)Endocytosis
B)Diffusion
C)Osmosis
D)Solute pumping
Answer: A
Q3) A cancer drug interferes with the development of mitotic spindle fibers during cell division. Which phase is directly affected?
A) prophase
B) telophase
C) anaphase
D) metaphase
E) interphase
Answer: A
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Skin and Body Membranes
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108 Verified Questions
108 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Basal cell carcinoma
A)burn in which only the epidermis becomes red and swollen
B)infection of the sebaceous gland and the formation of pimples
C)cancer of stratum spinosum cells
D)cancer of melanocytes
E)dry, dead flakes of stratum corneum
F)virus that produces cold sores
G)inflammation of hair follicles and sebaceous glands
H)full thickness burn of the skin in which the skin becomes blackened or blanched (gray-white)
I)skin inflammation
J)malignancy of the lowest epidermal layer
K)staphylococcus bacterial infection causing water-filled lesions, commonly around the mouth and nose
Q2) Peritoneum, pericardium, and pleura are examples of this type of membrane
A)mucous membrane
B)synovial membrane
C)cutaneous membrane
D)serous membrane
Q3) List and describe the three types of epithelial membranes.
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Chapter 5: The Skeletal System
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124 Verified Questions
124 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Incomplete bone break
A)depression fracture
B)spiral fracture
C)impacted fracture
D)greenstick fracture
E)comminuted fracture
Q2) Teeth are anchored in the maxillary bones and the mandible.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The medial malleolus of the tibia and lateral malleolus of the fibula form the two parts of the ankle.
A)True
B)False
Q4) When growing bones widen through appositional growth, what kind of cells add bone matrix to the outside of the diaphysis?
A) erythrocytes
B) osteoblasts
C) osteoclasts
D) chondrocytes
E) osteocytes
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Chapter 6: The Muscular System
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129 Verified Questions
129 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/33027
Sample Questions
Q1) While doing "jumping jacks" during an exercise class, your arms and legs move laterally away from the midline of your body. This motion is called ________.
A) extension
B) flexion
C) abduction
D) adduction
E) circumduction
Q2) Muscle tissue has the ability to shorten when adequately stimulated, a characteristic known as ________.
A) elasticity
B) irritability
C) contractility
D) extensibility
Q3) Supination and pronation refer to up and down movements of the foot at the ankle.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Explain what meaning is inferred in the muscle name rectus femoris.
Q5) Discuss the role of the myosin heads in sliding filament theory.
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Chapter 7: The Nervous System
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161 Verified Questions
161 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/33028
Sample Questions
Q1) The gaps between Schwann cells are indicated by ________.
A) Label D
B) Label H
C) Label B
D) Label F
E) Label A
Q2) What is the name of cranial nerve III?
A) optic
B) olfactory
C) oculomotor
D) trochlear
Q3) Which of the following brain dysfunctions is also known as a stroke?
A) cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
B) Alzheimer's disease
C) aphasia
D) cerebral edema
E) Parkinson's disease
Q4) Stimulates sweat glands to produce perspiration
A)Parasympathetic nervous system
B)Sympathetic nervous system
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Chapter 8: Special Senses
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128 Verified Questions
128 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/33029
Sample Questions
Q1) The biconvex structure that focuses light on the retina is the ________.
A) cornea
B) pupil
C) lens
D) iris
Q2) The semicircular canals are indicated by ________.
A) Label C
B) Label E
C) Label J
D) Label B
E) Label A
Q3) Identify the five basic taste receptors and describe what each type of receptor detects.
Q4) Which one of the following cranial nerves is NOT involved in either taste or smell?
A) facial nerve (VII)
B) vestibular (VIII)
C) glossopharyngeal (IX)
D) vagus (X)
E) olfactory nerve (I)
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Chapter 9: The Endocrine System
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149 Verified Questions
149 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/33030
Sample Questions
Q1) Which two hormones play a role in promoting the milk reflex and in stimulating and maintaining breast milk production in a nursing mother's breasts?
A) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and thyroid hormones
B) growth hormone (GH) and glucagon
C) prolactin (PRL) and oxytocin
D) parathyroid hormone (PTH) and thyroid hormones
E) prolactin (PRL) and antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Q2) Discuss how renin and angiotensin II lead to aldosterone production to restore low blood pressure to normal.
Q3) Alcohol inhibits the secretion of ________.
A) parathyroid hormone (PTH)
B) antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
C) glucagon
D) oxytocin
E) prolactin (PRL)
Q4) Acromegaly is a condition that results from the hypersecretion of growth hormone after long bone growth has ended.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Blood
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116 Verified Questions
116 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/33031
Sample Questions
Q1) Physiologic jaundice occurring in newborns results from ________.
A) bone marrow disorders
B) accumulation of destroyed fetal red blood cells
C) a diseased gallbladder that needs to be removed
D) erythrocyte mutations
E) vitamin deficiencies
Q2) The blood type that has no antigens
A)Blood type A
B)Blood type AB
C)Blood type O
Q3) Discuss why Martina, who has blood type A, cannot receive blood type B during a transfusion.
Q4) What part of a red blood cell binds and transports oxygen?
A) albumin
B) hemoglobin
C) fibrinogen
D) mitochondria
E) thrombin
Q5) Which situation do you predict to prompt the release of more erythropoietin into the blood: anemia or polycythemia? Explain.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: The Cardiovascular System
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160 Verified Questions
160 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The hepatic veins drain the blood from the liver and return it to the inferior vena cava.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The volume of blood pumped out by each ventricle with each beat of the heart is called the ________.
A) cardiac output
B) cardiac cycle
C) stroke volume
D) heart rate
E) diastolic pressure
Q3) The coronary sinus empties blood from cardiac circulation into this chamber
A)left atrium
B)right atrium
C)left ventricle
D)right ventricle
Q4) Some of these larger vessels have valves to prevent backflow
A)arteries
B)capillaries
C)veins
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Chapter 12: The Lymphatic System and Body Defenses
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135 Verified Questions
135 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/33033
Sample Questions
Q1) Where do B cells develop immunocompetence?
A) thymus gland
B) bone marrow
C) spleen
D) thyroid gland
E) lymph nodes
Q2) Antigen presentation is essential for the activation and clonal selection of
A) T cells
B) B cells
C) plasma cells
D) antigen-presenting cells
E) antibodies
Q3) What type of cell specializes in killing virus-infected, cancer, or foreign graft cells directly?
A) cytotoxic T cells
B) regulatory T cells
C) antigen-presenting cells
D) helper T cells
Q4) Contrast the primary humoral response with the secondary humoral response.
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Chapter 13: The Respiratory System
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150 Verified Questions
150 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/33034
Sample Questions
Q1) Movement of carbon dioxide and oxygen through the blood
A)external respiration
B)pulmonary ventilation
C)respiratory gas transport
D)internal respiration
Q2) Alveolar macrophages patrol the alveoli to engulf and remove bacteria, carbon particles, and other debris.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Hypoventilation dramatically increases carbonic acid concentration and involves
A) extremely deep breathing
B) extremely fast breathing
C) extremely slow breathing
D) intermittent breathing
E) irregular breathing
Q4) Five-year-old Charlie is angry he can't continue to play so he holds his breath. His carbon dioxide levels continue to climb and his parents are concerned what will happen to him. Predict how the respiratory system handles the rising carbon dioxide levels.
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Chapter 14: The Digestive System and Body Metabolism
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162 Verified Questions
162 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/33035
Sample Questions
Q1) The energy value of foods is measured in units called ________.
A) BMI
B) Hertz
C) kilocalories (kcal) or Calories
D) Joules
Q2) Secretin and cholecystokinin influence the release of both pancreatic juice and bile.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The villi, microvilli, and circular folds of the large intestine all increase the surface area.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What ceramic-like substance covers the crown of a tooth?
A) cement
B) root
C) enamel
D) pulp
E) dentin
Q5) Organ where starch digestion begins
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Chapter 15: The Urinary System
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138 Verified Questions
138 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/33036
Sample Questions
Q1) Filtrate formed during glomerular filtration is captured by the ________.
A) renal pyramid
B) renal hilum
C) glomerular (Bowman's) capsule
D) renal column
Q2) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) prevents excessive water loss by promoting water reabsorption in the ________.
A) glomerulus
B) proximal convoluted tubule
C) distal convoluted tubule
D) collecting duct
E) urinary bladder
Q3) Why is the trigone of the urinary bladder clinically important?
A) The trigone is longer in males than in females.
B) Infections tend to persist in the trigone.
C) Females have a trigone but males lack the trigone.
D) The prostate gland is present in males in the trigone.
E) Both sperm and urine pass through the trigone in males.
Q4) Endocrine gland that sits atop each kidney
Q5) Cortex-like extensions that separate the renal (medullary) pyramids
Page 17
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Chapter 16: The Reproductive System
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169 Verified Questions
169 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/33037
Sample Questions
Q1) The vagina functions both as the birth canal and also as the female's organ of copulation.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Parturition includes delivery of both the infant and the placenta.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The series of events that expel the infant from the uterus are referred to collectively as ________.
A) labor
B) menarche
C) menstruation
D) menopause
Q4) Parturition is another term for ________.
A) menopause
B) menses
C) fertilization
D) menstruation
E) childbirth
Q5) List and describe the three stages of labor.
Page 18
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