Nursing Fundamentals
Pre-Test Questions
Course Introduction
Nursing Fundamentals provides a comprehensive introduction to the essential concepts, skills, and attitudes required for professional nursing practice. The course covers the foundations of patient care, including understanding the healthcare environment, the nursing process, effective communication, infection control, basic physical assessments, and documentation standards. Emphasizing patient safety and cultural competence, students learn to apply critical thinking and evidence-based practices in a variety of clinical settings. By integrating theoretical knowledge with hands-on practice, the course prepares students to meet the physical and emotional needs of patients while adhering to ethical and legal standards in nursing.
Recommended Textbook
Maders Understanding Human Anatomy and Physiology 8th Edition by Susannah Longenbaker
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19 Chapters
2160 Verified Questions
2160 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Organization of the Body
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Sample Questions
Q1) The cheek is which region?
A)Occipital
B)Buccal
C)Oral
D)Mental
Answer: B
Q2) The lower back is which region?
A)Cephalic
B)Lumbar
C)Brachial
D)Pectoral
Answer: B
Q3) Which term refers to the back?
A)Inferior
B)Lateral
C)Posterior
D)Peripheral
Answer: C
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Chemistry of Life
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112 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is the main component of fiber in our diet?
A)Glycogen
B)Protein
C)Cellulose
D)Starch
Answer: C
Q2) A bond created from the attraction between positively and negatively charged ions is a(n)______ bond.
A)covalent
B)hydrogen
C)ionic
D)metallic
Answer: C
Q3) Which of the following subatomic particles are found in the nucleus of an atom?
A)Protons and electrons
B)Electrons and neutrons
C)Protons and shells
D)Neutrons and protons
Answer: D
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Cell Structure and Function
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the role of glycolipids and glycoproteins in the plasma membrane?
A)Transport of molecules through the membrane
B)Rtabilize the phospholipid bilayer
C)Cell identification
D)All apply.
Answer: C
Q2) Cytokinesis occurs during
A)telophase.
B)metaphase.
C)anaphase.
D)prophase.
Answer: A
Q3) A carrier protein is required
A)for passive transport.
B)for active transport.
C)to move water.
D)for passive transport and to move water.
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Body Tissues and Membranes
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT an example of dense connective tissue?
A)Aponeuroses
B)Dermis of the skin
C)Ligaments
D)Lymph nodes
Q2) Which contains a nucleus?
A)Axon
B)Dendrite
C)Cell body
D)Axon and dendrite
Q3) Intestinal muscle is
A)striated and voluntary.
B)striated and involuntary.
C)smooth and involuntary.
Q4) The many layers of stratified squamous epithelium provide protection,such as found in the skin.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Compare the three types of fibers found in connective tissue.
Q6) Compare the appearance of the three types of muscle tissue.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: The Integumentary System
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Sample Questions
Q1) What percentage of a person's skin would be involved if they had burned their left arm,front of the trunk,and the front of their left leg?
A)45%
B)40.5%
C)36%
D)31.5%
Q2) Which type of gland opens into hair follicles and secretes sweat after puberty?
A)Sebaceous glands
B)Apocrine sweat glands
C)Eccrine sweat glands
D)Ceruminous glands
Q3) Hair is produced by epithelial cells located in the A)epidermis.
B)dermis.
C)hypodermis.
D)dermis and hypodermis.
Q4) Many age-related changes to the skin appear to be due to sun damage.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe the skin's involvement in temperature regulation.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: The Skeletal System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT a bone of the cranium?
A)Ethmoid
B)Sphenoid
C)Maxilla
D)Parietal
Q2) The female pelvis is lighter,wider,and more funnel-shaped compared to the male pelvis.
The female pelvis is lighter,wider,and more shallow compared to the male pelvis.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Arthritis and osteoporosis are common diseases of the skeletal system due to aging.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The largest of the ankle bones that forms the heel is the A)talus.
B)calcaneus.
C)navicular.
D)cuboiD.
Q5) Distinguish among lordosis,kyphosis,and scoliosis.
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Chapter 7: The Muscular System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The _________ will evert the foot.
A)gastrocnemius
B)tibialis anterior
C)fibularis muscles
D)extensor digitorum longus
Q2) The more stimulation a muscle receives,the more motor units are activated.This is called
A)fatigue.
B)oxygen debt.
C)recruitment.
D)hypertrophy.
Q3) The ____________ is used to flex the neck and turn the head laterally.
A)trapezius
B)temporalis
C)sternocleidomastoid
D)suprahyoid
Q4) When muscles contract,they shorten.So,muscles can only pull the insertion toward the origin.
A)True
B)False
Page 9
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Chapter 8: The Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) What part of the limbic system is vital in converting short-term memory to long-term memory?
A)Hippocampus
B)Thalamus
C)Hypothalamus
D)Basal nuclei
Q2) Which of the following is the correct layering of the meninges from superficial to deep?
A)Dura mater,pia mater,arachnoid mater
B)Pia mater,dura mater,arachnoid mater
C)Dura mater,arachnoid mater,pia mater
D)Arachnoid mater,dura mater,pia mater
Q3) A sensory neuron carries impulses
A)to muscles and glands.
B)to the CNS.
C)always within the CNS.
Q4) When someone is frightened,they seem to have more strength to run or fight than normal.What is the reason for this?
Q5) Compare the cerebrum and spinal cord with regard to the location of gray and white matter.
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Chapter 9: The Sensory System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The gustatory (taste)area of the cerebrum is located in the A)parietal lobe.
B)insula.
C)frontal lobe.
D)parietal lobe and insula.
Q2) Nerve signals from the general body senses travel up the spinal cord to the thalamus and then to the A)somatosensory area of the parietal lobe.
B)prefrontal area of the frontal lobe.
C)visual area of the occipital lobe.
D)primary motor area of the frontal lobe.
Q3) Changing the shape of the lens for near and far vision is called A)refraction.
B)accommodation.
C)convergence.
D)transmutation.
Q4) Movement of fluid in the semicircular canals will cause the cupula to displace and bend the stereocilia to create an action potential.
A)True
B)False
Page 11
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Chapter 10: The Endocrine System
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Sample Questions
Q1) What hormone causes breast development and production of milk?
A)Oxytocin
B)Gonadotropins
C)Prolactin
D)ADH
Q2) Which of the following symptoms of diabetes mellitus is NOT correctly matched with its term?
A)Polydipsia - extreme hunger
B)Polyuria - excessive urination
C)Ketonuria - ketones in the urine
D)Glycosuria - glucose in the urine
Q3) What condition occurs due to hyposecretion of adrenal cortex hormones?
A)Cushing syndrome
B)Diabetes insipidus
C)Addison disease
D)Hashimoto's disease
Q4) Which type of gland secretes directly into tissue fluids and the blood without ducts?
A)Endocrine
B)Exocrine
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Chapter 11: Blood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma proteins?
A)Gamma globulins form lipoproteins.
B)Albumins contribute to osmotic pressure.
C)Fibrinogen is needed for blood clotting.
D)Beta globulins bind to metal ions for transport.
Q2) Leukemia involves
A)uncontrolled production of abnormal white blood cells.
B)a decrease in leukocyte production.
C)a viral infection.
D)a bacterial infection.
Q3) Which of the following does NOT increase as one ages?
A)Anemias
B)Leukemias
C)Clotting disorders
D)Blood volume
Q4) Agglutination of blood may occur if anti-B antibodies come into contact with B antigens.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Compare plasma,tissue fluid,and serum with regard to composition.
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Chapter 12: The Cardiovascular System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why does the left ventricle have a thicker myocardial wall?
A)It has to pump blood to the lungs.
B)It has to pump blood to the body.
C)It has to pump blood to the left atrium.
D)It has to pump blood to the liver.
Q2) The visceral pericardium also forms the ________ of the heart wall.
A)epicardium
B)myocardium
C)endocardium
Q3) The first Korotkoff sound heard when taking blood pressure with a sphygmomanometer represents the pressure of the
A)atrial systole.
B)atrial diastole.
C)ventricular systole.
D)ventricular diastole.
Q4) What initiates the heartbeat and is called the pacemaker?
A)nerves
B)AV node
C)SA node
D)brain
14
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Chapter 13: The Lymphatic System and Body Defenses
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is(are)the function(s)of the lymphatic system?
A)returns fluid to the bloodstream
B)absorbs fat molecules from the digestive tract
C)helps to defend the body against disease
D)All apply.
Q2) B cells are responsible for
A)cell-mediated immunity.
B)inflammation.
C)antibody-mediated immunity.
D)nonspecific immunity.
Q3) The spleen and thymus are primary lymphatic organs.
The red bone marrow and thymus are primary lymphatic organs.The spleen is a secondary lymphatic organ.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following is a NOT secondary lymphatic organ?
A)thymus gland
B)spleen
C)lymph nodes
D)tonsils
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Chapter 14: The Respiratory System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following lung infections or disorders could be caused by smoking?
A)cancer and emphysema
B)pneumonia and tuberculosis
C)bronchitis and "flu"
D)All apply.
Q2) The epiglottis
A)contains vocal cords.
B)contains cilia.
C)prevents food from entering the air passage.
D)pushes air into the lungs.
Q3) What activities are included in the process of respiration?
A)ventilation (breathing)
B)external respiration
C)internal respiration
D)All apply.
Q4) Most of the carbon dioxide in the blood is transported
A)dissolved in the plasmA.
B)as carbaminohemoglobin.
C)as bicarbonate ions in the plasma.
D)All apply.
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Chapter 15: Digestive System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Suppose you have just eaten a steak,baked potato with butter,and a salad.Explain in detail the changes that have to take place before the body can use the nutrients.
Q2) Vitamins play essential roles in cellular metabolism and are required in the diet.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What body system,other than the nervous system,is very important for controlling activities of the digestive system?
A)skeletal system
B)muscular system
C)lymphatic system
D)endocrine system
Q4) What is the purpose of the secretions of the serosa?
A)digest carbohydrates
B)reduce acidity
C)allow abdominal organs to slide against each other
D)All of the choices are correct.
Q5) Explain the importance of sodium bicarbonate in pancreatic juice.
Q6) List the five accessory organs of digestion.
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Chapter 16: The Urinary System and Excretion
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Sample Questions
Q1) The function of the proximal convoluted tubule is to
A)return water and needed nutrients to the blood.
B)move excess hydrogen ions into the kidney tubule.
C)keep salt from re-entering the blood.
D)All apply.
Q2) The presence of albumin in the urine may indicate glomerular damage.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The kidneys are retroperitoneal.What does that mean?
A)They are behind the parietal peritoneum.
B)They are behind back muscles.
C)They are placed backwards in the abdominal cavity.
D)They are behind the intestines.
Q4) Most renal calculi are formed from excess cholesterol. Most renal calculi are formed from calcium salts.
A)True
B)False
Q5) State the parts of the nephron and describe the steps involved in urine production.
Q6) List the primary ways by which water enters and is lost by the body.
Page 18
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Chapter 17: The Reproductive System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which is NOT a homeostatic function of estrogens?
A)induces the liver to make transport proteins
B)induces synthesis of bone matrix proteins
C)induces increased skeletal muscle development
D)induces feminization of the brain
Q2) Deposition of fat by estrogens is an example of homeostasis.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What occurs during the proliferative phase of the uterus?
A)the endometrium is lost
B)the follicle ruptures
C)the endometrium thickens and becomes more vascular
D)All apply.
Q4) Which gland secretes a mucus-like fluid that helps lubricate the end of the penis for sexual intercourse?
A)prostate gland
B)seminal vesicles
C)bulbourethral glands
D)epididymis
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Chapter 18: Human Development and Birth
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cleavage
A)is cell division with no increase in size.
B)is mitosis.
C)occurs immediately after fertilization.
D)All apply.
Q2) The umbilical arteries carry
A)waste and carbon dioxide toward the placentA.
B)oxygen and nutrients toward the fetus.
C)waste and carbon dioxide toward the fetus.
D)oxygen and nutrients toward the placenta.
Q3) Morphogenesis refers to A)increase of size.
B)shaping of the embryo and migration of cells.
C)cells having a specific function.
D)All apply.
Q4) When is the scrotum formed in the male?
A)6 weeks
B)9 weeks
C)14 weeks
D)20 weeks
Page 20
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Chapter 19: Human Genetics
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most nondisjunction embryos fail to survive.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In preparing a cell sample for karyotyping,when are the cells most visible?
A)prophase
B)metaphase
C)anaphase
D)telophase
Q3) An individual with one Y and two or more X chromosomes has
A)Klinefelter syndrome.
B)Jacobs syndrome.
C)Turner syndrome.
D)poly-X syndrome.
Q4) Color blindness is considered a sex-linked recessive disorder.Explain what this means.
Q5) Another name for Down syndrome is
A)trisomy 23.
B)monosomy 15.
C)trisomy 21.
D)monosomy 20.
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