Nursing Foundations Study Guide
Questions
Course Introduction
Nursing Foundations introduces students to the essential principles and practices underlying the nursing profession. This course explores foundational concepts such as the history and scope of nursing, ethical and legal considerations, the nursing process, client-centered care, communication skills, and basic clinical procedures. Students will develop critical thinking, professional attitudes, and practical skills necessary for safe and effective care delivery in diverse healthcare environments. Emphasis is placed on holistic care, teamwork, and the development of a strong professional identity to prepare students for further study and clinical practice in nursing.
Recommended Textbook
Fundamentals of Nursing 8th Edition by
Patricia A. Potter
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50 Chapters
1445 Verified Questions
1445 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Nursing Today
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21 Verified Questions
21 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) After licensure,the practicing nurse is required to update his or her knowledge about the latest research and practice developments.The most common way nurses do this is through _____ programs.
A) Continuing education
B) Master's degree
C) In-service education
D) DNP
Answer: A,C
Q2) Graduates of baccalaureate degree or associate's degree nursing programs are eligible to take which of the following to become registered nurses in the state in which they will practice?
A) Continuing education credits
B) In-service education programs
C) National Council Licensure Examination
D) Graduate education
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: The Health Care Delivery System
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Sample Questions
Q1) In today's society,the nurse is facing more and different challenges.Central to some of these challenges is the concept of globalization,because it has led to
A) A more homogeneous mix of nursing staff.
B) Decreased poverty and increased diseases of affluence.
C) Decreased urbanization as populations shift to the suburbs.
D) Increased spread of communicable diseases.
Answer: D
Q2) Government-instituted programs designed to control health care costs include
A) Professional standards review organizations (PSROs).
B) Prospective payment systems (PPSs).
C) Diagnosis-related groups (DRGs).
D) "Never events."
E) Third-party payers.
Answer: A,B,C
Q3) Care designed to prevent further progression of a disease is termed
A) Primary prevention.
B) Secondary prevention.
C) Tertiary prevention.
D) Health promotion.
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Community-Based Nursing Practice
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Sample Questions
Q1) Community-based nursing centers function as the first level of contact between members of a community and the health care delivery system.Ideally,health care services
A) Are provided where patients live.
B) Reduce the cost of health care for the patient.
C) Provide direct access to nurses.
D) Exclude interference from family or friends.
Answer: A,B,C
Q2) The instructor is teaching student nurses about identifying members of vulnerable populations when the nursing student asks,"Why is it that not all poor people are considered members of vulnerable populations?" The instructor's best answer would be
A) "All poor people are members of a vulnerable population."
B) "Poor people are members of a vulnerable population only if they take drugs."
C) "Poor people are members of a vulnerable population only if they are homeless."
D) "Members of vulnerable groups frequently have a combination of risk factors."
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Theoretical Foundations of Nursing Practice
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nursing process is
A) The generation of nursing knowledge for use in practice.
B) A systematic view of a phenomenon specific to inquiry.
C) A method used to inform a system about how it functions.
D) A systematic process for the delivery of nursing care.
Q2) The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with essential hypertension.The physician orders blood pressure medication that the nurse administers.The nurse then monitors the patient's blood pressure for several days to help determine the effectiveness of the administration.In doing so,the nurse evaluates which of the following system components?
A) Input
B) Output
C) Feedback
D) Content
Q3) The type of theory that is used to develop and test specific nursing interventions is known as _____ theory.
A) Grand
B) Prescriptive
C) Descriptive
D) Middle-range
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Chapter 5: Evidence-Based Practice
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22 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The researcher is preparing to publish his study findings.In doing so,the researcher is aware of many ways that the study could have been done better,but that he did not have the ability to do.The researcher discloses these limitations in the manuscript,but they are most likely detected during which phase of the research process?
A) Problem identification
B) Study design
C) Formulation of recommendations
D) Analysis of data
Q2) The hospital policy states that when starting an intravenous (IV)catheter,the nurse must first prepare the potential IV site with alcohol and dress it using a gauze dressing.The nurse has done a literature review and believes that evidence-based practice dictates the use of a transparent dressing to prevent catheter dislodgment.What should the nurse do?
A) Begin to use transparent dressing instead of gauze dressings.
B) Bring findings to the policy and procedure committee.
C) Use transparent dressings on half of her IV starts and gauze on the other.
D) Continue following hospital policy without saying anything.
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Health and Wellness
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse is working in a clinic that is designed to provide health education and immunizations.As such,this clinic is designed to provide
A) Primary prevention.
B) Secondary prevention.
C) Tertiary prevention.
D) Diagnosis and prompt intervention.
Q2) According to the World Health Organization,what is the best definition for "health"?
A) Simply the absence of disease
B) Involving the total person and environment
C) Strictly personal in nature
D) Status of pathological state
Q3) Risk factors can be placed in the following interrelated categories: genetic and physiological factors,age,physical environment,and lifestyle.The presence of any of these risk factors means that
A) A person with the risk factor will get the disease.
B) The chances of getting the disease are increased.
C) The disease is guaranteed not to develop if the risk factor is controlled.
D) Risk modification will have no effect on disease prevention.
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Chapter 7: Caring in Nursing Practice
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse is admitting a patient who will be having elective surgery.The nurse spends over an hour asking the patient questions as part of the admission process.What is the nurse's primary reason for doing this?
A) It is hospital protocol and part of the admission process.
B) The nurse is trying to make the patient more comfortable.
C) This will help the nurse provide better care for the patient.
D) The nurse needs the time to give a detailed description of what to expect.
Q2) The patient is to have thoracentesis at the bedside but tells the nurse that he is afraid and would like to cancel.The nurse sits with the patient and asks him to describe his fears.She then explains the procedure and assures the patient that she will be with him during the procedure.The patient agrees to have the procedure,and during the procedure,the nurse stays with the patient,explaining each step and providing encouragement.How has the nurse helped this patient?
A) Providing a presence
B) Listening
C) Providing touch
D) Providing family care
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Chapter 8: Caring for the Cancer Survivor
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse is caring for a young woman with breast cancer.The stress between the woman and her husband is obvious,as is anxiety among the children.What is the nurse's best action in this situation?
A) Help find or develop an educational program for the patient and her husband.
B) Encourage the patient to agree with her husband even if she disagrees.
C) Support the husband, and explain that the husband knows what's best.
D) Take the children away and recommend foster care.
Q2) The nurse is caring for a patient who has successfully undergone cancer therapy and will be discharged home soon.The patient is concerned about going home and not knowing what to do.The nurse reassures the patient,telling him that
A) She alone will develop a plan of care that will tell exactly what needs to be done.
B) If he has any issues, he can call his doctor and the doctor will know what to do.
C) He has received the proper cancer treatment, and he will need nothing else.
D) He will be part of a team that will provide any support and care that he may need.
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Chapter 9: Culture and Ethnicity
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Sample Questions
Q1) In performing a cultural assessment,knowledge of a patient's country of origin and its history and ecological contexts is known as
A) Ethnohistory.
B) Biocultural history.
C) Social organization.
D) Religious and spiritual beliefs.
Q2) The nurse is providing diabetic diet teaching to a Hispanic man and his wife.When the nurse is discussing foods that are acceptable,the wife continues to interrupt with statements like,"Oh,he doesn't eat that," or,"All he eats is rice and beans." What should the nurse do?
A) Ask the wife to leave so he/she can focus on teaching the patient.
B) Explain how "rice and beans" are not acceptable foods on a diabetic diet.
C) Provide a diet plan with only food alternatives selected by the patient.
D) Refer the patient and his wife to a dietitian familiar with Spanish food choices.
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Chapter 10: Caring for Families
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Sample Questions
Q1) When initiating the care of families,one factor that helps organize the family approach to the nursing process is that the nurse
A) Views all patients as unique individuals.
B) Realizes that families have little impact on individuals.
C) Understands that individuals have little impact on families.
D) Realizes that individuals have an impact on families.
Q2) Social scientists have identified four threats facing the family in today's American society.Of the choices below,what are the four threats?
A) Changing economic status
B) Homelessness
C) Family violence
D) Rise of homosexual families
E) Presence of illness
Q3) When focusing on older adults,the nurse must be aware that
A) Elder abuse happens in lower socioeconomic classes only.
B) Elders have the same social networks as younger people.
C) Caregivers may be spouses or middle-age children.
D) Caregiver stress is minimal when caring for a parent.
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12
Chapter 11: Developmental Theories
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Piaget's formal operations level,a 13-year-old adolescent will likely
A) Hit other students to deal with environmental change.
B) Use play to understand her surroundings.
C) Question her parents about an upcoming presidential election.
D) Question where the ice is hiding when ice has melted in her drink.
Q2) The parents of a 14-year-old boy express concern over their child's rebellious behavior.The nurse should plan to respond to the parents' concern by informing them that their
A) Child should be referred to a juvenile correctional facility.
B) Child's behavior is normal because the adolescent is trying to adjust to his emerging identity.
C) Child's behavior is a matter of concern because he is likely conflicted about establishing companionship with a partner.
D) Child's behavior is expected because he is expressing his need to support future generations.
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13
Chapter 12: Conception Through Adolescence
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25 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse who is teaching a parent about developmental needs of the infant knows that the parent has verbalized understanding of a infant's developmental needs when he states
A) "My child is too young to understand words."
B) "My child will begin to speak in sentences by 1 year of age."
C) "My child will probably enjoy playing peek-a-boo."
D) "While my child is in the hospital, I should let the nurses provide most of the care."
Q2) Normal physical findings in a healthy newborn include
A) Sporadic motor movements.
B) Cyanosis of the feet and hands for the first 48 hours.
C) Triangle-shaped anterior fontanel.
D) Weight of 4800 grams.
Q3) The nursing instructor will need to provide further instruction to the student who states,"Development proceeds
A) In a proximal-distal pattern."
B) In a cephalocaudal pattern."
C) At a slower rate during the embryonic stage."
D) At a predictive rate from the moment of conception."
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Chapter 13: Young and Middle Adults
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Sample Questions
Q1) When describing relevant family psychosocial factors in middle adulthood that cause stress,the nurse would not include
A) Singlehood and feeling isolated.
B) Choices stemming from marital changes.
C) Financial security and certainty.
D) Planning for the future when children leave home.
Q2) A 61-year-old obese patient is diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure.The patient states that he is upset about the diet restrictions imposed by the treatment regimen.What is the nurse's best approach?
A) Tell the patient that he must do what the doctor tells him.
B) Offer counseling on nutrition and exercise.
C) Tell the patient about what happened to other patients who did not change their lifestyle.
D) Explain that he needs to accept the care provider's advice without question if he wants to get better.
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15
Chapter 14: Older Adults
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements by a new graduate nurse should be corrected by an experienced nurse?
A) "Most older patients are ill and disabled. That's why we care for so many of them in the hospital."
B) "Older adults are many times still interested in sexual relations."
C) "Patients over age 65 are still lifelong learners."
D) "Many older adult patients remain independent enough to live alone."
Q2) To promote physical well-being and socialization in an older adult,what should the nurse realize?
A) Social isolationism is always a chosen behavior.
B) Body image plays no role in decision making by the older adult.
C) No community resources are focused on the older adult.
D) Older adults may have a functional purpose in social arenas.
Q3) As the aging population in the United States increases,the nurse knows that the
A) Baby boomer generation accounts for a very small percentage of this group.
B) Extension of the average life span has also increased.
C) Population segment over age 85 is decreasing.
D) Diversity of this age group will certainly decrease.
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Critical Thinking in Nursing Practice
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Sample Questions
Q1) A nursing instructor needs to evaluate students' abilities to synthesize data and identify relationships between nursing diagnoses.Which learning assignment is best suited for this instructor's needs?
A) Concept mapping
B) Reflective journaling
C) Reading assignment with a written summary
D) Lecture and discussion
Q2) Professional standards influence a nurse's clinical decisions by
A) Bypassing the patient's feelings to promote ethical standards.
B) Establishing minimal passing standards for testing.
C) Requiring the nurse to use critical thinking for the highest level of quality nursing care.
D) Utilizing evidence-based practice based on nurses' needs.
Q3) Critical thinking characteristics include
A) Considering what is important in a given situation.
B) Accepting one, established way to provide patient care.
C) Making decisions based on intuition.
D) Being able to read and follow physician's orders.
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Chapter 16: Nursing Assessment
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Sample Questions
Q1) To gather information about a patient's home and work surroundings,the nurse will need to utilize which method of data collection?
A) Carefully review lab results.
B) Conduct the physical assessment before collecting subjective information.
C) Perform a thorough nursing health history.
D) Prolong the termination phase of the interview.
Q2) Components of a nursing health history include
A) Current treatment orders.
B) Nurse's concerns.
C) Nurse's goals for the patient.
D) Patient expectations.
Q3) A patient verbalizes a low pain level of 2 out of 10 but exhibits extreme facial grimacing while moving around in bed.What is the nurse's best action in response to her observation?
A) Proceed to the next patient's room while making rounds.
B) Offer a massage because the patient does not want any more pain medicine.
C) Administer the pain medication ordered for moderate to severe pain.
D) Ask the patient about the facial grimacing with movement.
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Chapter 17: Nursing Diagnosis
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse is reviewing a patient's database for significant changes and discovers that the patient has not voided in over 8 hours.The patient's kidney function labs are abnormal,and the patient's oral intake has significantly decreased since previous shifts.Which step of the nursing process should the nurse proceed to after this review?
A) Diagnosis
B) Planning
C) Implementation
D) Evaluation
Q2) A new graduate nurse is not sure what the heart sound is that she is listening to on a patient.To avoid diagnostic error,what should the nurse do?
A) Assign the nursing diagnosis of Decreased cardiac output.
B) Ask the patient if he has a history of cardiac problems before assigning the diagnosis of Decisional conflict.
C) Check the previous shift's assessment and document what was noted on the last shift.
D) Ask a more experienced nurse to listen also.
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Chapter 18: Planning Nursing Care
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which intervention is most appropriate for the nursing diagnostic statement,Impaired skin integrity related to shearing forces?
A) Administer pain medication every 4 hours as needed.
B) Perform the ordered dressing change twice daily.
C) Do not document the wound appearance in the chart.
D) Keep the bed side rails up at all times.
Q2) The nurse is caring for seven patients this shift.After completing their assessments,the nurse states that he doesn't know where to begin in developing care plans for these patients.Which of the following is an appropriate suggestion by another nurse?
A) "Choose all the interventions and perform them in order of time needed for each one."
B) "Make sure you identify the scientific rationale for each intervention first."
C) "Decide on goals and outcomes you have chosen for the patients."
D) "Begin with the highest priority diagnoses, then select appropriate interventions."
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Chapter 19: Implementing Nursing Care
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Sample Questions
Q1) Before implementing care,the nurse needs to ensure that which resources are available?
A) Equipment
B) Safe environment
C) Patient readiness
D) Assistive personnel
E) Creativity
Q2) Vital signs for a patient reveal a high blood pressure of 187/100.Orders state to notify the health care provider for diastolic blood pressure greater than 90.What is the nurse's first action?
A) Assess the patient for other symptoms or problems, and then notify the health care provider.
B) Review the most recent lab results for the patient's potassium level.
C) Follow the clinical protocol for a stroke.
D) Administer an antihypertensive medication from the stock supply, and then notify the health care provider.
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21
Chapter 20: Evaluation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of these options is a patient outcome indicating positive progress toward resolving the nursing diagnosis of Acute confusion?
A) Side rails are up with bed alarm activated.
B) Patient denies pain while ambulating with assistance.
C) Patient wanders halls at night.
D) Patient correctly states names of family members in the room.
Q2) What is the primary goal of outcomes management for professional nurses?
A) To promote purposeful actions focused on improving a patient's health condition
B) To fine-tune nursing assessment skills
C) To support the delegation of more nursing tasks to nursing assistive personnel
D) To decrease the number of medication errors in nursing
Q3) The nurse is evaluating whether patient goals and outcomes have been met.Which option below is an expected outcome for a patient with Impaired physical mobility?
A) The patient is able to ambulate in the hallway with crutches.
B) The patient's level of mobility will improve.
C) The nurse provides assistance while the patient is walking in the hallways.
D) The patient will deny pain while walking in the hallway.
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Chapter 21: Managing Patient Care
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Sample Questions
Q1) A nurse observes a patient care technician using all these measures when taking vital signs.Which measure requires the nurse to intervene?
A) Palpates brachial artery before inflating blood pressure cuff
B) Counts respirations while palpating radial pulse
C) Inserts thermometer into sublingual pocket after patient sips water
D) Asks patient to relax arm before taking blood pressure
Q2) A new nurse expresses frustration at not being to complete all interventions for a group of patients in a timely manner.The nurse leaves the rounds report sheets at the nurse's station when caring for patients and reports having to go back and forth between rooms several times looking for equipment and supplies.This nurse could benefit from practicing better _____ skills.
A) Clinical decision-making
B) Organizational
C) Evaluation
D) Interpersonal communication
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Chapter 22: Ethics and Values
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Sample Questions
Q1) Four patients in labor all request epidural analgesia to manage their pain at the same time.Which ethical principle is compromised when only one nurse anesthetist is on call?
A) Justice
B) Nonmaleficence
C) Beneficence
D) Fidelity
Q2) Which philosophy of health care ethics would be particularly useful when making ethical decisions about vulnerable populations?
A) Feminist ethics
B) Deontology
C) Bioethics
D) Utilitarianism
Q3) The nurse is caring for a severely ill patient with AIDS who now requires ventilator support.Which intervention is considered futile?
A) Administering the influenza vaccine
B) Providing oral care every 5 hours
C) Applying fentanyl patches prn for pain
D) Supporting the patient's lower extremities with pillows
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Page 24
Chapter 23: Legal Implications in Nursing Practice
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Q1) A patient has just been told that he has approximately six months to live and asks about advance directives.Which statements by the nurse give the patient correct information?
A) "You have the right to refuse treatment at any time."
B) "If you want certain procedures or actions taken or not taken, and you might not be able to tell anyone at the time, you need to complete documents ahead of time that give your health care provider this information."
C) "You will be resuscitated at any time to allow you the longest length of survival."
D) "You might want to think about choosing someone who will make medical decisions for you in the event that you are unable to make your desires known."
E) "We will get someone who knows the state's guidelines to assist you in setting up your living will."
F) "If you travel to another state, your living will should cover your wishes."
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Chapter 24: Communication
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Sample Questions
Q1) A confused older adult patient is wearing thick glasses and a hearing aid.Which intervention is priority to facilitate communication?
A) Focus on tasks to be completed.
B) Allow time for the patient to respond.
C) Limit conversations with the patient.
D) Use gestures and other nonverbal cues.
Q2) The nurse asks a patient where the pain is,and the patient responds by pointing to the area of pain.Which form of communication did the patient use?
A) Verbal
B) Nonverbal
C) Intonation
D) Vocabulary
Q3) A nurse is using SOLER to facilitate active listening.Which technique should the nurse use for R?
A) Relax
B) Respect
C) Reminisce
D) Reassure
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26
Chapter 25: Patient Education
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Sample Questions
Q1) A nurse is teaching an older adult patient about strokes.Which teaching technique is most appropriate for the nurse to use?
A) Use a pamphlet about strokes with large font in blues and greens.
B) Speak in a high tone of voice to describe strokes.
C) Begin and end each teaching session with the most important information about strokes.
D) Provide specific information about strokes in frequent, large amounts.
Q2) A patient had a stroke and must use a cane for support.A nurse is preparing to teach the patient about the cane.Which learning objective/outcome is most appropriate?
A) The patient will walk to the bathroom and back to bed using a cane.
B) The patient will understand the importance of using a cane.
C) The patient will learn how to use a cane.
D) The patient will know the correct use of a cane.
Q3) A patient has been taught how to cough and deep breathe.Which evaluation method is most appropriate?
A) Return demonstration
B) Computer instruction
C) Verbalization of steps
D) Cloze test
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Chapter 26: Documentation and Informatics
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Sample Questions
Q1) A hospital is using a computer system that allows all health care providers to use a protocol system to document the care they provide.Which type of system/design will the nurse be using?
A) Clinical decision support system
B) Nursing process design
C) Critical pathway design
D) Computerized provider order entry system
Q2) A new nurse asks the preceptor why a change-of-shift report is important since care is documented in the chart.What is the preceptor's best response?
A) "A hand-off report provides an opportunity to share essential information to ensure patient safety and continuity of care."
B) "A change-of-shift report provides the oncoming nurse with data to help set priorities and establish reimbursement costs."
C) "A hand-off report provides an opportunity for the oncoming nurse to ask questions and determine research priorities."
D) "A change-of-shift report provides important information to caregivers and develops relationships within the health care team."
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Chapter 27: Patient Safety
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse is completing discharge education for the patient regarding home medications.Which patient behavior is an indication that the patient understands the directions regarding the antibiotic medication?
A) The patient nods throughout the educational session.
B) The patient reads the medication prescription out loud.
C) The patient states, "I will finish the antibiotic in ten days."
D) The patient asks where to get the prescription filled.
Q2) The nurse is preparing a patient for surgery.The nurse explains that the reason for writing in indelible ink on the surgical site the word "correct" is to
A) Distinguish the correct surgical site.
B) Label the correct patient.
C) Comply with the surgeon's preference.
D) Adhere to the correct regulatory standard.
Q3) The nurse knows that children in late infancy and toddlerhood are at risk for injury owing to
A) Learning to walk.
B) Trying to pull up on furniture.
C) Being dropped by a caregiver.
D) Growing ability to explore and oral activity.
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Page 29
Chapter 28: Infection Prevention and Control
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse is providing an education session to an adult community group about the effects of smoking.Which of the following is the most important point to be included in the educational session?
A) Smoke from tobacco products clings to your clothing and hair.
B) Smoking affects the cilia lining the upper airways in the lungs.
C) Smoking tobacco products can be very expensive.
D) Smoking can affect the color of the patient's fingernails.
Q2) The nurse is caring for a patient who has just delivered a neonate.The nurse is checking the patient for excessive vaginal drainage.It is important for the nurse to utilize _____ Precautions.
A) Contact
B) Protective
C) Droplet
D) Standard
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Chapter 29: Vital Signs
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse is caring for a patient who complains of feeling light-headed and "woozy." The nurse checks the patient's pulse and finds that it is irregular.The patient's blood pressure is 100/72.It was 113/80 an hour earlier.What should the nurse do?
A) Call the physician immediately.
B) Perform an apical/radial pulse assessment.
C) Apply more pressure to the radial artery to assess the pulse.
D) Use his thumb to detect the patient's pulse.
Q2) The patient requires temperatures to be taken every two hours.Which of the following cannot be delegated to nursing assistive personnel?
A) Selecting appropriate route and device
B) Obtaining temperature measurement at ordered frequency
C) Being aware of the usual values for the patient
D) Assessing changes in body temperature
Q3) While the nurse is assessing the patient's respirations,it is important for the patient to
A) Be aware of the procedure being done.
B) Not know that respirations are being assessed.
C) Understand that respirations are estimated to save time.
D) Not be touched until the entire process is finished.
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Chapter 30: Health Assessment and Physical Examination
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40 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) During an annual gynecological examination,a college student discusses her upcoming college break at a tropical location.After the student receives an oral contraceptive prescription,the nurse identifies the importance of skin cancer prevention education by discussing which evidence-based prevention health topic?
A) Applying water-based sunscreen only before swimming
B) Using tanning bed daily for 7 days before college break trip
C) Applying broad-spectrum sunscreen of SPF 5
D) Taking extra precautions in the sun secondary to the prescription
Q2) Which is the best examination position for a complete geriatric physical examination on a weak patient with bilateral basilar pneumonia?
A) Prone position
B) Sims' position
C) Supine position
D) Lateral recumbent
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Chapter 31: Medication Administration
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse is planning to administer a tuberculin test with a 27-gauge,<sup>3</sup>/<sub>8</sub>-inch needle.The nurse should insert the needle at an angle of _____ degrees.
A) 15
B) 45
C) 90
D) 180
Q2) The nurse is preparing to administer a 0.5-mL rabies vaccine into the deltoid muscle of a patient.Which needle size is best for the procedure?
A) 20 gauge x 1 1/2 inch
B) 23 gauge x 1/2 inch
C) 25 gauge x <sup>5</sup>/<sub>8</sub> inch
D) 27 gauge x <sup>3</sup>/<sub>8</sub> inch
Q3) A patient has an order to receive 10 units of U-50 insulin.The nurse is using a U-100 syringe.How many units should the nurse draw up in the syringe and administer?
A) 0.2 units
B) 2 units
C) 5 units
D) 20 units
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Page 33
Chapter 32: Complementary and Alternative Therapies
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Sample Questions
Q1) An acquaintance of a nurse asks for a nonmedical approach for excessive worry and work stress.The most appropriate CAM therapy that the nurse can recommend is
A) Meditation
B) Ayurvedic herbs
C) Acupuncture
D) Chiropractic therapy
Q2) The complementary and alternative therapy that is known to alter immune function is which of the following?
A) Biofeedback
B) Imagery
C) Breath work
D) Acupuncture
Q3) The 1994 Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act impacted herbal therapies in what way?
A) Allowed for labeling of herbal medicines as safe
B) Allowed herbs to be sold as dietary supplements
C) Classified herbs as beneficial, harmful, or neutral
D) Classified herbs as "natural" foods
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34
Chapter 33: Self-Concept
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Sample Questions
Q1) Based on current evidence,the nurse who plans smoking cessation interventions for adolescent girls should focus on interventions directed toward
A) Obeying parents and reducing television viewing.
B) Fostering generativity over self-absorption.
C) Role overload, addiction counseling, and depression.
D) Weight management, self-esteem, and stress management.
Q2) The nurse can assist the patient in becoming more self-aware by using which technique?
A) Setting up an appointment to allow the patient to vent
B) Allowing the patient to openly explore thoughts and feelings
C) Assisting the patient to physically punch a pillow when upset
D) Providing materials for the patient to write complaint letters
Q3) A 9-year-old is proudly telling everyone about mastering the yellow belt in her martial arts class.Identify the appropriate developmental task.
A) Initiative versus guilt
B) Industry versus inferiority
C) Identity versus role confusion
D) Autonomy versus shame and doubt
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Chapter 34: Sexuality
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Sample Questions
Q1) A patient who had an ostomy placed 1 month ago states that he is feeling depressed and does not want to participate in sexual activities anymore because he is afraid that his partner is not physically attracted to him.Which nursing intervention will be most effective in helping this patient resume sexual activity?
A) Reassure the patient that lots of people resume sex the same week the ostomy is placed.
B) Inform the patient about a support group for people with ostomies.
C) Teach the patient about intimate activities that can be done to incorporate the ostomy.
D) Discuss ways to adapt to new body image so the patient will be comfortable in resuming intimacy.
Q2) Which patient is most in need of a nurse's referral to adoption services?
A) A patient considering abortion for an unwanted pregnancy
B) An infertile couple religiously opposed to artificial insemination
C) A woman who suffered miscarriage during her first pregnancy
D) A couple who has been attempting conception for 3 months
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Chapter 35: Spiritual Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse is caring for a patient who is in the final stages of his terminal disease.The patient is very weak but refuses to use a bedpan,and wants to get up to use the bedside commode.What should the nurse do?
A) Explain to the patient that he is too weak and needs to use the bedpan.
B) Insert a rectal tube so that the patient no longer needs to actively defecate.
C) Enlist assistance from family members if possible and assist the patient to get up.
D) Put the patient on a bedpan and stay with him until he is finished.
Q2) When caring for a terminally ill patient,the nurse should focus on the fact that
A) Spiritual care is possibly the least important nursing intervention.
B) Spiritual needs often need to be sacrificed for physical care priorities.
C) The nurse's relationship with the patient allows for an understanding of patient priorities.
D) Members of the church or synagogue play no part in the patient's plan of care.
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Chapter 36: The Experience of Loss, death, and Grief
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Sample Questions
Q1) A nurse encounters a family that experienced the death of their adult child last year.The parents are talking about the upcoming anniversary of their child's death.The nurse spends time with them discussing their child's life and death.The nurse's action best demonstrates which nursing principle?
A) Pain management technique
B) Facilitating normal mourning
C) Grief evaluation
D) Palliative care
Q2) A couple is informed that their fetus' condition is incompatible with life after birth.Nurses can best help the couple with their end-of-life decision making by offering them which of the following?
A) An advance directive to complete
B) Brief discussion and funeral guidance
C) Time and careful explanations
D) Instructions on how to proceed
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Chapter 37: Stress and Coping
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Sample Questions
Q1) A senior college student contacts the college health clinic about a freshman student living on the same dormitory floor.The senior student reports that the freshman is crying and is not adjusting to college life.The clinic nurse recognizes this as a combination of situational and maturational stress factors.The best comment to the senior student would be
A) "I'd better call 911 because your friend is suicidal."
B) "Give her this list of university and community resources."
C) "You must make an appointment for the student to obtain medications."
D) "I'd recommend you help the student pack her bags to go home."
Q2) A teen with celiac disease continues to eat food she knows will make her ill several hours after ingestion.Given appropriate tertiary level interventions,the nursing intervention would be to
A) Teach the patient about the food pyramid.
B) Administer antidiarrheal medications with meals.
C) Assist the teen in meeting dietary restrictions while eating foods similar to those eaten by her friends.
D) Admonish the teen and her parents regarding her consistently poor diet choices.
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Page 39
Chapter 38: Activity and Exercise
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Sample Questions
Q1) Many patients find it difficult to incorporate an exercise program into their daily lives because of time constraints.For these patients,it is beneficial to reinforce that many ADLs are used to accumulate the recommended 30 minutes or more per day of moderate-intensity physical activity.When instructing these patients,the nurse explains that
A) Housework is not considered an aerobic exercise.
B) To strengthen back muscles, the patient should bend using back muscles.
C) Daily chores should begin with gentle stretches.
D) The patient should stick to one chore until it is done before beginning a new one.
Q2) The nurse is developing an exercise plan for someone diagnosed with congestive heart failure and exercise intolerance.In doing so,the nurse should
A) Plan for 20 minutes of continuous aerobic activity and increase as tolerated.
B) Perform 6-minute walks at the patient's pace at least 2 times a day.
C) Instruct the patient that he should not take his beta blocker medication on exercise days.
D) Encourage a high-calorie diet to plan for extra calorie expenditure.
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Chapter 39: Hygiene
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Sample Questions
Q1) Of the following hearing aids,which interferes the most with wearing eyeglasses and using a phone?
A) In-the-canal hearing aid
B) In- the-ear hearing aid
C) Behind-the-ear hearing aid
D) They are all equally useful.
Q2) When assessing a patient's feet,the nurse notices that the toenails are thick and separated from the nail bed.The nurse is aware that this condition is caused by A) Fungi.
B) Nail polish.
C) Friction.
D) Nail polish remover.
Q3) The patient is diagnosed with pediculosis capitis (head lice)and was treated upon admission and was re-treated 24 hours later,yet the patient is still infested.The nurse should next
A) Re-treat the patient with a medicated shampoo for eliminating lice.
B) Use a product containing lindane to get rid of the lice.
C) Manually remove the lice using a fine-toothed comb.
D) Have the patient bathe or shower thoroughly.
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Page 41
Chapter 40: Oxygenation
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48 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse would expect which change in cardiac output for a patient with fluid volume overload?
A) Increased preload
B) Decreased afterload
C) Decreased tissue perfusion
D) Increased heart rate
Q2) The nurse needs to closely monitor the oxygen status of an elderly patient undergoing anesthesia because of which age-related change?
A) Decreased lung defense mechanisms may cause ineffective airway clearance.
B) Thickening of the heart muscle wall decreases cardiac output.
C) Decreased lung capacity makes proper anesthesia induction more difficult.
D) Alterations in mental status prevent patients' awareness of ineffective breathing.
Q3) Chemical receptors that stimulate inspiration are located in the A) Brain.
B) Lungs.
C) Aorta.
D) Heart.
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42
Chapter 41: Fluid, electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse understands that administering a hypertonic solution to a patient will shift water from the _____ to the _____ space.
A) Intracellular; extracellular
B) Extracellular; intracellular
C) Intravascular; intracellular
D) Intravascular; interstitial
Q2) In which patient would the nurse expect to see a positive Chvostek sign?
A) A 7-year-old child admitted for severe burns
B) A 24-year-old adult admitted for chronic alcohol abuse
C) A 50-year-old patient admitted for an acute exacerbation of hyperparathyroidism
D) A 75-year-old patient admitted for a broken hip related to osteoporosis
Q3) Which laboratory value should the nurse examine when evaluating uncompensated respiratory alkalosis?
A) PaO<sub>2</sub>
B) Anion gap
C) PaCO<sub>2</sub>
D) HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>
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Chapter 42: Sleep
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse is discussing with a new mother the sleep requirements of a neonate.Which of these comments would indicate that the patient has an understanding of the neonate's sleeping pattern?
A) "I can't wait to get the baby home to play with the brothers and sisters."
B) "I will ask my mom to come after the first week, when the baby is more alert."
C) "I will get the baby on a sleeping schedule the first week while my mom is here."
D) "I won't be able to nap during the day because the baby will be awake."
Q2) The nurse is completing an assessment on an older patient who is having difficulty falling asleep.Which factor has the potential to contribute to this difficulty?
A) Depression
B) Smoking
C) Alcohol
D) Fatigue
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Chapter 43: Pain Management
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse is administering pain medication for several patients.Which patient does the nurse administer medication to first?
A) The patient who needs to take a scheduled dose of maintenance pain medication
B) The patient who needs to be premedicated before walking
C) The patient with a PCA running who needs to have the syringe replaced
D) The patient who is experiencing 8/10 pain and has a STAT order for pain medication
Q2) The nurse is administering ibuprofen (Advil)to an older patient.Which of the following assessment data causes the nurse to hold the medication?
A) Past medical history of gastric ulcer
B) Patient states last bowel movement was 4 days ago
C) Stated allergy to aspirin
D) Patient states has 2/10 intermittent joint pain
E) Patient experienced respiratory depression after administration of an opioid medication
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Chapter 44: Nutrition
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dysphagia refers to difficulty when swallowing.Of the following causes of dysphagia,which is considered neurogenic?
A) Myasthenia gravis
B) Stroke
C) Candidiasis
D) Muscular dystrophy
Q2) When developing a plan of care for a patient with altered nutritional needs,the nurse must assess the patient for which of the following?
A) What is the condition now?
B) Is the condition stable?
C) Will the condition get worse?
D) Will the disease process accelerate deterioration?
E) Which single objective measure will predict the course of action?
Q3) In providing prenatal care to a patient,the nurse teaches the expectant mother that
A) Protein intake needs to decrease to preserve kidney function.
B) Calcium intake is especially important in the first trimester.
C) Folic acid is needed to help prevent birth defects and anemia.
D) The mother should take in as many extra vitamins and minerals as possible.
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Chapter 45: Urinary Elimination
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which observation by the nurse best indicates that bladder irrigation for urinary retention has been effective?
A) Recording an output that is larger than the amount instilled
B) Presence of blood clots or sediment in the drainage bag
C) Reduction in discomfort from bladder distention
D) Visualizing clear urinary catheter tubing
Q2) An 86-year-old patient asks the nurse what lifestyle changes will reduce the chance of a urinary tract infection.Which response is accurate?
A) Urinary tract infections are unavoidable in the elderly because of a weakened immune system.
B) Decreasing fluid intake will decrease the amount of urine with bacteria produced.
C) Making sure to cleanse the perineal area from back to front after voiding will reduce the chance of infection.
D) Increasing consumption of acidic foods such as cranberry juice will reduce the chance of infection.
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Chapter 46: Bowel Elimination
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse is devising a plan of care for a patient with the nursing diagnosis of Constipation related to opioid use.Which of the following outcomes would the nurse evaluate as successful for the patient to establish normal defecation?
A) The patient reports eliminating a soft, formed stool.
B) The patient has quit taking opioid pain medication.
C) The patient's lower left quadrant is tender to the touch.
D) The nurse hears bowel sounds present in all four quadrants.
Q2) A patient had an ileostomy surgically placed 2 days ago.Which diet would the nurse recommend to the patient to ease the transition of the new ostomy?
A) Eggs over easy, whole wheat toast, and orange juice with pulp
B) Chicken fried rice with stir fried vegetables and iced tea
C) Turkey meatloaf with white rice and apple juice
D) Fish sticks with macaroni and cheese and soda
Q3) The nurse knows that the ideal time to change an ostomy pouch is
A) Before eating a meal, when the patient is comfortable.
B) When the patient feels that he needs to have a bowel movement.
C) When ordered in the patient's chart.
D) After the patient has ambulated the length of the hallway.
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Chapter 47: Mobility and Immobility
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse needs to transfer the patient from the bed to the chair.The nurse should
A) Avoid using a transfer or gait belt around the patient's waist prior to transfer.
B) Not allow the patient to help in any way because resistance can lead to injury.
C) Assess for the need of a mechanical lift and help.
D) Ensure that the patient has stockings on his feet for transfer.
Q2) The nurse must assess the patient for hazards of immobility by performing a head-to-toe physical assessment.When assessing the respiratory system,the nurse should
A) Assess the patient at least every 4 hours.
B) Inspect chest wall movements during the expiratory cycle only.
C) Auscultate the entire lung region to assess lung sounds.
D) Focus auscultation on the upper lung fields.
Q3) In caring for immobile patients,the nurse understands that back injuries occur
A) Only when lifting patients.
B) Only when transferring patients.
C) Only when providing direct patient care.
D) With many clinical activities.
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Chapter 48: Skin Integrity and Wound Care
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse is caring for a patient on the medical-surgical unit with a wound that has a drain and a dressing that needs changing.Which of these actions should the nurse take first?
A) Don sterile gloves.
B) Provide analgesic medications as ordered.
C) Avoid accidentally removing the drain.
D) Gather supplies.
Q2) The home health nurse is caring for a patient with impaired skin integrity in the home.The nurse is reviewing dressing changes with the caregiver.Which intervention assists in managing the expenses associated with long-term wound care?
A) Sterile technique
B) Clean dressings and no touch technique
C) Double bagging of contaminated dressings
D) Ability of the caregiver
Q3) The nurse is completing an assessment of the skin's integrity,which includes A) Pressure points.
B) All pulses.
C) Breath sounds.
D) Bowel sounds.
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Chapter 49: Sensory Alterations
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse is caring for a patient with conductive hearing loss resulting from prolonged cerumen impaction.Which intervention by the nurse is most important in establishing effective communication with the patient?
A) Speaking in a loud voice, enunciating every syllable
B) Having direct conversation with the patient in his affected ear
C) If the patient does not understand what the nurse is saying, repeating the phrase again
D) Speaking with hands, face, and expressions
Q2) The nurse is caring for a patient with expressive aphasia from a traumatic brain injury.Which desired outcome should be included in the plan of care?
A) Patient will recover full use of speech vocabulary in 1 week.
B) Patient will carry a pen and a pad of paper around for communication.
C) Patient will thicken drinks to prevent aspiration.
D) Patient will communicate nonverbally.
Q3) What is the involuntary motion of retracting the body from painful stimuli?
A) Sensation
B) Reception
C) Perception
D) Reaction
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Page 51
Chapter 50: Care of Surgical Patients
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Sample Questions
Q1) During preoperative assessment for a 7:30 case,the patient indicates to the nurse that he had a cup of coffee this morning.The nurse reports this information to the anesthesia provider anticipating
A) A delay in or cancellation of surgery.
B) Questions regarding components of the coffee.
C) Additional questions about why the patient had coffee.
D) Instructions to determine what education was provided in the preoperative visit.
Q2) The nurse is caring for a postoperative patient with an abdominal incision.A pillow is used during coughing to provide
A) Pain relief.
B) Splinting.
C) Distraction.
D) Anxiety reduction.
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