Nursing Foundations: Growth and Development Test Bank
Course Introduction
This course provides a comprehensive overview of the principles of human growth and development as they pertain to nursing practice. Students will explore physical, cognitive, emotional, and social changes across the lifespan, from infancy through old age. Emphasis is placed on understanding normal developmental milestones, recognizing variations, and applying developmental theories to assess and promote health and well-being in individuals at different stages of life. The course also examines the role of the nurse in supporting growth and development through health education, advocacy, and culturally competent care.
Recommended Textbook
Lifespan Development 6th Edition by Denise Boyd
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19 Chapters
2268 Verified Questions
2268 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Basic Concepts and Methods
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124 Verified Questions
124 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/20644
Sample Questions
Q1) Sets of statements that propose general principles to explain development are known as
A) cross-sectional designs.
B) hypotheses.
C) theories.
D) constructs.
Answer: C
Q2) Celia has an outgoing, friendly personality, while her best friend Chester is shy and reserved. We are describing Celia and Chester through the ________ domain of development.
Answer: social
Q3) Compare and contrast the philosophies of John Locke and Charles Darwin as they apply to developmental theory.
Answer: Locke proposed the concepts of blank slate and empiricism, and that children can be molded. Darwin proposed that environment and genetic processes interact to influence development. The answer should include some expansion on these concepts.
Q4) In research the ________ variable is manipulated, while the ________ variable is measured.
Answer: independent; dependent
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Chapter 2: Theories of Development
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121 Verified Questions
121 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________ studies animals in their natural environment.
Answer: Ethology
Q2) Which aspect of our personality demands to be satisfied in physically pleasurable ways?
A) Executive control of the ego
B) Moral guardian of the superego
C) Libido of the id
D) Reality principle of the superego
Answer: C
Q3) Three of Piaget's basic concepts are schemes, accommodation, and assimilation. Give an example to illustrate each of these concepts.
Answer: The possibilities are endless here. Make sure that the student understands that schemes remain the same with assimilation and that they change with accommodation. Experiences which are not assimilated are either discarded or they will bring about accommodation and changing of schemes.
Q4) According to social-cognitive theory, in order to learn from a model what factors must be present?
Answer: motivation; physical ability; ability to remember
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4
Chapter 3: Prenatal Development and Birth
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121 Verified Questions
121 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the term used to describe cells that unite at conception?
A) Chromosomes
B) Gametes
C) Zygotes
D) Genes
Answer: B
Q2) Which of the following best defines genomic imprinting?
A) The idea that we bond with the first moving object that we see
B) A chemical label that identifies whether a gene came from one's father or mother
C) A genetic marker that indicates dominance or recession
D) A disease that is linked to a specific chromosome
Answer: B
Q3) Which of the following serve to hold neurons together?
A) Axonal cells
B) Glial cells
C) Myelin sheath
D) Dendritic cells
Answer: B
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5
Chapter 4: Physical, Sensory, and Perceptual Development in Infancy
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119 Verified Questions
119 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Brain development in the first year of life emphasizes
A) development of neurons and glial cells.
B) formation of synapses.
C) synapto-atrophy.
D) a proximodistal pattern.
Q2) Lilly has just learned to walk backward. How old would you expect Lilly to be?
A) Between 10 and 12 months
B) Between 13 and 18 months
C) Between 19 and 24 months
D) At least two years old
Q3) Between 1992 and 1999 what happened to the rate of infant vaccinations in the United States?
A) They increased dramatically.
B) The number of required vaccines dropped.
C) The rate increased by 15%.
D) They declined sharply.
Q4) Briefly explain the functions of the midbrain and the medulla. Why do these structures need to be fully functional at birth?
Q6) ________ refers to the process of bone hardening. Page 6
Q5) What is stamina? What factors contribute to the development of stamina?
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Page 7
Chapter 5: Cognitive Development in Infancy
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119 Verified Questions
119 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Receptive is to expressive as
A) hearing is to receiving.
B) making is to showing.
C) showing is to making.
D) understanding is to producing.
Q2) According to Werker, what purpose does IDS serve?
Q3) What is meant by the A-not-B error? When is this error typically resolved?
Q4) What are the characteristics of first sentences?
Q5) Explain primary circular reactions and give an example.
Q6) The violation of ________ method is a research strategy in which a child is habituated to a display of objects and then is shown another display in which the objects move in a way which is different to what the infant is anticipating.
Q7) Kayla was given several different, brightly colored balls to play with one after the other. After about ball number seven, Kayla seemed to lose interest. When she was given a stuffed animal, she showed renewed interest. An element of schematic learning called ________ is behind Kayla's renewed interest.
Q8) According to Piaget, the first phase of intelligence occurs during the first ________ months of life.
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Q9) How do the beliefs of Spelke differ from Piaget in terms of object permanence?
Chapter 6: Social and Personality Development in Infancy
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120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Summarize what the research says about gender differences in temperament.
Q2) With regard to children's play areas, which of the following characteristic of toys is more important than quantity?
A) Variety
B) Quality
C) Complexity
D) Cognitive integrity
Q3) How did the boy in the video demonstrate self-awareness?
A) He named himself as the child in the mirror.
B) He walked away without showing any interest in his own image in the mirror.
C) He touched the red spot on his own nose when looking in the mirror.
D) He touched the red spot on his reflection in the mirror.
Q4) Which of the following groups of children is most likely to experience some negative effects from non-familial day care?
A) African-American children from middle-class homes
B) Children from lower socio-economic classes
C) Children from affluent homes
D) White children from middle-class homes
Q5) ________ is a pattern of responding to people and objects in the environment.
Page 9
Q6) Another name for the objective self is ________.
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Chapter 7: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
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116 Verified Questions
116 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Left handedness accounts for ________% of the population.
Q2) Explain the normal curve as it relates to IQ scores. What is the range of normal to abnormal IQ scores?
Q3) What percentage of children in the U.S. are at risk of being overweight by the time they start school?
A) 8%
B) 12%
C) 16%
D) 25%
Q4) Holding a pencil to write or draw requires which of the following?
A) Gross motor skills
B) Locomotion
C) Grappling skills
D) Fine motor skills
Q5) The ability to control and reflect on your own memory functions is called ________.
Q6) Explain infantile amnesia, its causes and characteristics
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Q7) Summarize key features of the developmental sequences of children's play from one year to six years of age, as discussed in your text.
Chapter 8: Social and Personality Development in Early Childhood
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118 Verified Questions
118 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Minority children learn very early that some whites view them negatively, and most white children in English speaking countries understand their culture's racial stereotypes and prejudices by about age ________.
Q2) According to your text, individuals are more likely to remember faces of people of their own race than those of a different race. This demonstrates which of the following principles?
A) Racial stereotyping
B) Racial bias
C) Cross-race effect
D) Cross-racial bias effect
Q3) After listening to "Levels of Play," describe the development of the two types of play identified in the recording.
Q4) Hoffman's first stage of empathy development, which is characterized by an infant matching the strong emotion of another, is called ________.
Q5) Quantify the nature of stable playmate relationships between 3 and 4 years of age.
Q6) What is the purpose of using inductive discipline?
Q7) What personality trait correlates with altruism in young children?
Page 11
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Chapter 9: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood
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120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In support of the hypothesis that improved processing efficiency accounts for cognitive development, researchers have found that children's thinking and response time
A) are slower with maturation and increased experience. B) get faster with age.
C) are determined by abilities to accommodate and assimilate new schemes. D) are more determined by genetic factors than by environmental factors.
Q2) Which of the following best summarizes the research regarding bilingual education?
A) The research is inconclusive about the best approach to second-language learning.
B) Home-based programs help students learn a second language faster than do school-based programs.
C) Submersion programs tend to help students adapt to a new language quickly and sustains long-term beneficial effects.
D) A combination of home and school language education is most beneficial.
Q3) Identify and define three of Gardner's multiple intelligences.
Q4) Statistically, children from which countries are less likely to fail a grade in elementary school than native English speaking children?
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Chapter 10: Social and Personality Development in Middle Childhood
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120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Erikson, how does a child achieve a sense of industry?
Q2) Which of the following is an accurate description of female-male differences in middle childhood friendships?
A) Boys' friendship groups are smaller than girls' friendship groups.
B) Boys spend more time playing indoors or near home or school.
C) Girls' friendship groups are more accepting of newcomers than are boys' friendship groups.
D) Girls are more likely to play in pairs or in small, fairly exclusive groups.
Q3) Which of the following is an accurate description of female-male differences in friendships in middle childhood?
A) Friendships between boys include more agreement and compliance than girls' friendships.
B) Girls' friendships have higher levels of competition and rejection than boys' friendships.
C) School-age boys are more competitive with strangers than with friends.
D) Boys are more likely to use "controlling" speech in their interactions with their friends.
Q4) According to researchers, aggressive and withdrawn are two types of ________ children.
Page 13
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Chapter 11: Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence
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120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement best describes the transition from elementary school to high school?
A) Students experience losses in academic achievement and self-esteem.
B) Students generally have a smooth transition and easy adaptation to different demands of a new educational environment.
C) Students establish higher personal standards and goals for success.
D) Students have increased competence and self-efficacy.
Q2) Among teenagers, what is the most commonly used illicit drug?
A) Alcohol
B) Cocaine
C) Marijuana
D) Diet pills
Q3) Research conducted by Dyl et al. indicates that eating disorders may be more attributable to ________ factors than ________ factors.
Q4) Based on your own experience, how is virginity viewed among adolescents now?
Q5) Summarize the physical changes that correlate with motor skill development in adolescence. Explain some of the differences between boys and girls.
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Q6) Piaget's concept of ________ enables teens to understand metaphors and symbols.
Chapter 12: Social and Personality Development in Adolescence
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120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following best summarizes the Asian girl's attitude about ethnicity?
A) She is happy to identify as Asian and prefers to have Asian friends.
B) She doesn't want her children to be raised in traditional Asian culture, nor to be stereotyped as "Asian."
C) She would prefer that her parents had raised her in a way which is more stereotypical of Asian ethnicity.
D) She would like to raise her children in the same way that she's been raised; i.e., in the traditional ways of her culture.
Q2) An individual whose gender-role identity is ________ would perceive herself or himself as having both feminine and masculine traits.
Q3) The last of Freud's stages of psychosexual development is the ________ stage.
Q4) What is the term used by developmentalists to describe the psychological aspects of the sexual self?
A) Gender role identity
B) Gender role assumptions
C) Sexual identity
D) Gender identity
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Chapter 13: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early
Adulthood
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119 Verified Questions
119 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In order to be diagnosed with a personality disorder, a young adult has to have been exhibiting the behavior since ________.
Q2) Which of the following U.S. ethnic and sexual orientation groups has the LOWEST rates of physical abuse by an intimate partner?
A) African American women
B) Lesbians
C) Caucasian heterosexual males
D) Hispanic women
Q3) An inevitable consequence of aging is changes in ________ appearance.
Q4) Name three medical tests that men should have beginning at age 30. Name the ages at which they should include these in their annual physical exams.
Q5) What type of aging involves the age-related changes that are due to environmental influences, poor health habits, or disease?
A) Senescence
B) Compensatory decline
C) Intellectual aging
D) Secondary aging
Q6) Which mental disorders are the most common in young adulthood?
Page 16
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Chapter 14: Social and Personality Development in Early
Adulthood
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119 Verified Questions
119 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In Super's stages of career development, the establishment stage is also called the ________ stage.
Q2) During which of Super's stages does the young person search for a job or career that fits with his interests and personality?
A) Growth
B) Exploratory
C) Establishment
D) Maintenance
Q3) Why does the parental investment theory say that men are less selective in choosing a mate?
Q4) Which of the following is an elements of evolutionary theories of mate selection?
A) men prefer mates who are older and physically attractive.
B) women invest more than men in childbearing and parenting.
C) both women and men are likely to select mates who are opposite to themselves in key characteristics such as ethnicity, religion, and age.
D) women and men both choose mates slowly and .
Q5) Rather than having traditional families, many gay and lesbian people build
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Chapter 15: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle
Adulthood
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119 Verified Questions
119 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why do we understand relatively little about the normal, undamaged brains of middle-aged adults?
Q2) Which of the following statements is accurate?
A) African Americans have the highest rates of prostate, colon, and lung cancer.
B) Native Americans have lower rates of kidney cancer than other groups.
C) Asian Americans have the lowest rates of liver cancer.
D) White Americans have the highest rates of breast cancer.
Q3) Watch the "Coping with Stress" clip and describe the symptoms of Acute Stress Disorder.
Q4) Lorn is not particularly worried about setting the world on fire. He takes his time and is fairly laid back in most cases. He's not the least bit competitive and seems to just take things as they come. Lorn would be considered to be a
A) borderline personality.
B) type B personality.
C) characteristic personality.
D) type A personality.
Q5) The effects of primary aging typically become apparent after age ____.
Q6) ________ live longer but they have more diseases and disabilities.
Q7) HRT stands for ________.
Page 18
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Chapter 16: Social and Personality Development in Middle
Adulthood
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117 Verified Questions
117 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is meant by the terms role conflict and role strain?
Q2) How do Baby Boomers differ from their parents in terms of retirement age and planning?
Q3) According to Erikson, which of the following would cause a person to experience a mid-life crisis?
A) A sense of generativity
B) An external locus of control
C) A loss of self-efficacy
D) A sense of stagnation
Q4) Which of the following best exemplifies a "boomerang kid?"
A) Jane, who is 21 and is living at home with her parents while she attends college
B) Richard, a father of 3 who returned home to live with his parents after his wife died so that his parents could help raise his children
C) Joey, who is 35, never married, and returns home after losing a job, which occurs about every six months
D) Malesia, whose culture encourages extended family living together, even after they are married
Q5) Another term for sandwich generation is mid-life ________.
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Chapter 17: Physical and Cognitive Development in Late
Adulthood
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119 Verified Questions
119 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/20660
Sample Questions
Q1) About how long is the maximum human lifespan?
A) about 105 - 110 years
B) 125 years
C) 122 years
D) 110-120 years
Q2) Which of the following is true regarding the risk factors for depression and dysthymia among the elderly?
A) The strongest predictor of depression and dysthymia among older persons is marital status.
B) Among the elderly, depressed men outnumber depressed women two to one.
C) Elders living in poverty are at a higher risk for depression than others.
D) Well-educated older adults are more likely to be depressed.
Q3) Macular degeneration is most likely to occur in __________.
A) childhood
B) adolescence
C) early adulthood
D) late adulthood
Q4) ________ is the scientific study of aging.
Q6) The centenarian in the video has the most difficulty recalling ________. Page 20
Q5) Foods high in vitamins ________, ________, and ________ are good antioxidants.
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Page 21
Chapter 18: Social and Personality Development in Late
Adulthood
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119 Verified Questions
119 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When you contact a retired neighbor to ask if she is interested in participating in a charity fund-raiser, she tells you that she is no longer interested in activities such as this, and she is content to do as little as possible since she retired. Your neighbor's perspective is most consistent with which of the following views on aging?
A) Adaptation
B) Discontinuity theory
C) Disengagement
D) Social reticence
Q2) Who is likely to retire latest?
A) An individual whose work is challenging and interesting
B) An individual who has poor health
C) An individual whose retirement will be supported by an adequate pension and Social Security
D) A working class individual who considers his Social Security benefits to be adequate for retirement
Q3) Older adults who rate their religious beliefs as highly important to them are more likely than others to think that their lives have ________.
Q4) What factors are most relevant to an individual's decision to retire?
Page 22
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Chapter 19: Death Dying and Bereavement
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118 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Reece was told that he has cancer and will likely not survive surgery. His response was to laugh and tell the doctor that he had the wrong guy -- Reece felt fine! Reece's response fits with which stage of Kübler-Ross's theory?
A) Preparation
B) Denial
C) Bargaining
D) Acceptance
Q2) According to Kübler-Ross, what is the purpose of reactions such as denial or bargaining?
A) These reactions are barriers to intrusive social support.
B) These reactions can be a source of energy or fighting spirit.
C) These responses are defense mechanisms that aid the person in coping with the reality of impending death.
D) These responses are a person's private mourning rituals.
Q3) How does thinking about time change in middle adulthood?
A) Time seems to move faster than it did in young adulthood
B) Time seems to move slower than it did in young adulthood
C) Thinking in terms of years rather than decades
D) Thinking in terms of time until death rather than time since birth
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Page 23