Nursing Ethics Exam Review
Course Introduction
Nursing Ethics explores the foundational principles and moral responsibilities that guide professional practice in nursing. This course examines ethical theories and frameworks relevant to healthcare, addressing topics such as patient autonomy, confidentiality, informed consent, end-of-life care, and cultural sensitivity. Through case studies and real-world scenarios, students will develop critical thinking skills and ethical reasoning, preparing them to navigate complex situations and make sound, compassionate decisions in diverse healthcare environments. Emphasis is placed on ethical leadership, advocacy, and the roles and obligations nurses have to patients, families, communities, and the nursing profession.
Recommended Textbook
Ethics and Issues in Contemporary Nursing 2nd Canadian Edition by Margaret A. Burkhardt
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19 Chapters
286 Verified Questions
286 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Social, Philosophical, and Other Historical Forces
Influencing the Development of Nursing
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16 Verified Questions
16 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What does the term empirical relate to?
A) serving God and thy neighbour
B) knowledge gained through observation and experience
C) healing through religious intervention, touching of religious relics, chanting, and other methods
D) the enforcement of religious doctrine related to the status of women in society
Answer: B
Q2) Which of the following statements best describes Florence Nightingale?
A) She believed in traditional expectations for women.
B) She was a nurse and increased soldiers' mortality rates.
C) She believed in nurses restricting their careers.
D) She was a social reformer and statistician.
Answer: D
Q3) How is Mary Agnes Snively significant to the development of Canadian nursing?
A) She established the mission of Grey Nuns to new settlers.
B) She established the International Council of Nursing.
C) She established the first national organization for nursing.
D) She established certification for nurses to become experts.
Answer: C
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Ethical Theory
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16 Verified Questions
16 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which moral perspective propounds the belief that people can figure out absolute moral rules which derive from the universe and that these truths are superior to the information received from the senses?
A) moral belief
B) rationalism
C) deontology
D) naturalism
Answer: B
Q2) Which concept was first noted in the writings of Socrates?
A) virtue ethics
B) utilitarianism
C) deontology
D) rationalism
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Ethical Principles
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which principle of the Canada Health Act entitles 100 percent of the insured residents of a province or territory to health services?
A) comprehensiveness
B) universality
C) accessibility
D) public administration
Answer: B
Q2) Which principle of the Canada Health Act entitles reasonable contact with insured health care services in terms of physical availability of medically necessary services?
A) comprehensiveness
B) universality
C) accessibility
D) public administration
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Values Clarification
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is an institution's mission statement a reflection of?
A) overt values
B) formal values
C) covert values
D) integral values
Q2) Which of the following statements best summarizes moral autonomy?
A) actions to remove harms or to simply improve the situation of others
B) the attempt to think clearly and consistently about matters of concern
C) the ability to independently choose right or wrong, without any outside influence
D) the process of examining the impact of personal values, beliefs, and experiences
Q3) What should nurses be aware of when working with patients regarding health care decisions?
A) personal and patient values
B) moral development and perceptions
C) conflicting values and priorities
D) institutional values and influence
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6
Chapter 5: Values Development
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14 Verified Questions
14 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following describes the development of intellectual capacities through the time of childhood, from birth to around age 15 years?
A) Kohlberg's theory of moral development
B) Piaget's stages of cognitive development
C) Lao Tsu's theory of development
D) Fowler's stages of faith development
Q2) According to Kohlberg and Gilligan, which of the following is the final stage in an adult's values development?
A) universal consideration
B) renewed perspective
C) perceived authority
D) general consensus
Q3) In Piaget's stages of cognitive development, what are the two stages of the pre-operational level called?
A) punishment and obedience
B) environmental interaction and stimuli
C) language and logical thought
D) magical thinking and some reasoning
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Chapter 6: Ethical Decision Making
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why do physicians sometimes make unilateral decisions in morally important situations?
A) Moral decision making is reserved for physicians.
B) Nurses are seldom aware of the patient's wishes and life context.
C) There is sometimes a power imbalance in the health care setting.
D) It is illegal for nurses to participate in moral decision making.
Q2) According to Thomas and Waluchow, which of the following is an example of a pre-reflective statement in response to a moral question?
A) "Abortion should never happen because it is murder."
B) "Abortion is a difficult concept to accept for many because of the social values we place on life."
C) "I disagree with abortion because it will directly cause death. My spiritual beliefs prohibit this on the basis of protecting sanctity of life."
D) "Abortion is morally permissible because the rights of the pregnant woman take priority over the right of the fetus."
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Chapter 7: Legal Issues
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26 Verified Questions
26 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following best defines a set of rules and principles that describe the powers of a government and the rights of the people?
A) constitutional law
B) statutory law
C) common law
D) administrative law
Q2) Which of the following type of law best defines a person's rights and obligations in relation to the government?
A) common law
B) misdemeanours
C) constitutional law
D) public law
Q3) Which of the following would apply to a nurse removing life support from a terminally ill patient without permission?
A) legislative law
B) indictable offence
C) misdemeanour
D) summary offence
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9
Chapter 8: Professional Issues
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14 Verified Questions
14 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following terms relates to the characteristic of having a high level of specialized skill and knowledge?
A) profession
B) expertise
C) wisdom
D) authority
Q2) Which of the following terms is synonymous with "self-governing"?
A) expertise
B) authority
C) autonomy
D) accountability
Q3) Which of the following qualities relates to the ability of nurses to organize for the purpose of fulfilling the profession's promises and maintaining the relationship that nurses have with one another?
A) autonomy
B) unity
C) expertise
D) skill
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Chapter 9: Professional Relationship Issues
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13 Verified Questions
13 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following prohibits harassment related to race?
A) Workplace Code of Ethics
B) ICN Code of Harassment for Nurses
C) Canada's Labour Code
D) Canadian Human Rights Act
Q2) A nurse chooses to go without lunch so that a patient can be taken outside to get a newspaper and a strong cup of coffee. Which of the following terms best applies to this situation?
A) self-sacrifice
B) beneficence
C) non-maleficence
D) obligation
Q3) When delegating patient care activities, what does the nurse have a responsibility to do?
A) to assess competency when assigning nursing care activities to other health care workers
B) to divide the activities fairly between other health care workers
C) to teach subordinate health care workers proper techniques and procedures
D) to observe other health care workers as they perform delegated activities
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Practice Issues Related to End-Of-Life Care
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14 Verified Questions
14 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Since a prime nursing focus is to relieve suffering, what must nurses understand about health care technologies?
A) They are good because they always support a patient's health and well-being.
B) They may cause conflict between doing good and avoiding harm to patients.
C) They are necessary interventions even if they cause patients to suffer.
D) They may cause nurses to do harmful things to patients against their wishes.
Q2) In which circumstance does Curtin suggest that artificial sources of nutrition may be terminated?
A) when utilizing other technologies at the end of life
B) when there is a reliable prediction of permanent unconsciousness
C) when other interventions will relieve a patient's suffering
D) when changes in the patient's condition will eventually lead to starvation
Q3) To appropriately utilize health care technology, what must health care providers, patients, and families understand?
A) its purpose, benefits, and limitations
B) its cost, availability, and usefulness
C) its outcomes, benefits, and cost
D) its risks, availability, and purpose
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Chapter 11: Practice Issues Related to Patient
Self-Determination
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which law states that active euthanasia and assisted suicide are both illegal and that taking part in them is against the law, even if carried out for merciful intentions or relieve suffering?
A) the Criminal Code of Canada
B) the Code of Ethics
C) the Advance Directives Act
D) the Lifestyle Choices Policy
Q2) Which of the following actions are part of the nurse's role and responsibilities in informed consent?
A) verifying that the patient is aware of options and the implications of each option
B) providing recommendations about care to the patient
C) explaining the procedure to the patient when the doctor cannot do so
D) signing as a witness attesting that the patient is unable to give consent
Q3) Which of the following elements must be included in an informed consent?
A) description of common practices of the healthcare institute
B) needs and expectations of the patient
C) description of the health concern
D) verification of understanding
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Chapter 12: Scholarship Issues
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which document provides guidelines on research involving Aboriginal persons, and the use of vulnerable populations in general?
A) Tri Council Policy Statement
B) CNA Code of Ethics
C) Nuremberg Code
D) Declaration of Helsinki
Q2) Which of the following characteristics may a nurse experience when participating in conducting research?
A) academic dishonesty
B) personal bias
C) misrepresentation
D) role conflict
Q3) Whose integrity and honesty are of utmost importance in the ethical treatment of data?
A) statistician
B) participants
C) researcher
D) data collector
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Chapter 13: The Future of Canadian Health Care:
Challenges and Priorities
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10 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Accessibility is one of the five key features of the Canada Health Act. Which of the following is NOT directly addressed in the Act?
A) reasonable access for citizens without financial barriers
B) extra billing and user fees for citizens
C) geographical accessibility
D) providing equitable care for all citizens
Q2) Large immigrant populations may live in overcrowded situations and, in some cases, may be unable to access health care. In addition to financial constraints, what is another issue that immigrant populations might face with regard to health care?
A) burdening the health care system with longer wait times
B) language and cultural barriers to health care
C) burdening primary health care, and spending more on prescription drugs
D) lack of health care providers and facilities
Q3) What report emphasized the need for primary health care reform in Canada?
A) Drummond Report
B) Declaration of Alma-Ata
C) Romanow Report
D) Quinquennial Report
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Chapter 14: Health Policy Issues
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14 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A nurses' organization decides to work toward legislation that would limit mandatory overtime in the workplace. The group mobilizes large numbers of nurses and community volunteers to write letters and make personal contact with legislators. What is the term for this form of political activism?
A) en masse lobbying
B) partisan lobbying
C) grassroots lobbying
D) political lobbying
Q2) What type of policy governs decisions about where to build hospitals, what programs to offer at specific hospitals, and how many physicians to put into place?
A) institutional policy
B) judicial policy
C) allocative policy
D) regulatory policy
Q3) Which of the following is an example of a federal regulatory act in Canada?
A) Assisted Human Reproductive Act
B) Future of Health Care Act
C) Canadian Policy Research Act
D) Canada Health Act
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Economic Issues
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the term for an out-of-pocket payment that some provinces still require?
A) fee for service
B) premium
C) allied service fee
D) voluntary health fee
Q2) Which of the following is an example of the element of privatization in Canadian health care?
A) a national "drug agency" to oversee and monitor pharmaceutical activity
B) laundry services outsourced to private companies
C) integration between "pharmacare" and medicare
D) national platform for home care
Q3) Different models of health care exist. Which model of health care is the Russian health care system modelled after?
A) national health systems model
B) public insurance model
C) entrepreneurial model
D) financing systems model
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Chapter 16: Social Issues
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14 Verified Questions
14 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following can get in the way when working with vulnerable groups?
A) self-determination
B) language that colours speech and actions
C) exploring personal beliefs
D) inadequate research
Q2) Which of the following social determinants is extremely important for nurses to consider in the holistic care of any patient?
A) healthy relationships
B) chronic medical conditions
C) unhealthy diet
D) level of education
Q3) Which ethical principle is being disregarded when preference for health care is given to those who are not homeless?
A) non-maleficence
B) justice
C) beneficence
D) autonomy
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Chapter 17: Issues of Gender and Culture
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17 Verified Questions
17 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the term for knowing about the values, beliefs, behaviours, norms, and customs of a patient who comes from a culture other than your own?
A) cultural awareness
B) cultural sensitivity
C) ethnocentrism
D) cultural competence
Q2) Which of the following demonstrates a nurse's understanding that good communication is key to providing culturally congruent care?
A) The nurse determines the patient's understanding of the nurse's written and spoken language.
B) The nurse considers a family member to be the best interpreter when the language is different.
C) The nurse understands that his/her own values and beliefs and those of the clients are congruent.
D) The nurse discovers that expectations and patient perspectives are related to acquiring a positive attitude.
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Chapter 18: Rural and Aboriginal Nursing in Canada
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12 Verified Questions
12 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a factor that impacts the health and well-being of Aboriginal persons?
A) social inclusion
B) civil war
C) population growth
D) physical environment
Q2) Which of the following does the Registered Nurses Association of Ontario (RNAO) identify as one of the eight attributes of nursing professional practice?
A) collegiality
B) consistency
C) accessibility
D) predictability
Q3) Which of the following statements applies to Canadians living in a rural environment?
A) More new immigrants and visible minorities live in rural areas.
B) People are more ethnically diverse.
C) People have a wider variety of opportunities.
D) Families tend to have lower incomes.
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Chapter 19: Empowerment for Nurses
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16 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) To enable patient empowerment, what do nurses need to recognize?
A) Health professionals know what is best for patients.
B) Patients need help in making health care decisions.
C) Patients are responsible for their own health.
D) Health professionals give power to patients.
Q2) Which of the following nursing attitudes enables patient empowerment?
A) surrendering the need for control
B) directing patients toward decisions that support good health outcomes
C) encouraging patients to value nursing trust
D) providing services for patients
Q3) A patient tells you that he cannot lose weight because his job keeps him on the road so he cannot exercise, and his wife fixes too many high-calorie meals. What is he demonstrating?
A) internal locus of control
B) external locus of control
C) negative locus of control
D) positive locus of control
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