Nursing Concepts and Theory
Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Nursing Concepts and Theory provides students with a comprehensive overview of the foundational principles and theoretical frameworks that underpin the practice of nursing. The course explores major nursing theories, conceptual models, and their relevance to contemporary healthcare settings. Emphasis is placed on the development of critical thinking, clinical judgment, and evidence-based practice. Students will examine how cultural, ethical, and professional values influence patient care, and analyze how nursing theories guide both clinical practice and research. Through case studies and discussions, learners will gain an appreciation for the evolving role of theory in supporting holistic, patient-centered care.
Recommended Textbook
Professional Nursing Practice Concepts and Perspectives 7th Edition by Blais
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Chapter 1: Beginning the Journey
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nursing student has identified a discrepancy between what is written in the textbook and what the nursing faculty member said during theory class.What should the student do?
A)Wait and see whether the material is covered on the next exam.
B)Ask a clinical staff nurse for clarification of the topic.
C)Request an appointment with the faculty member who taught the material.
D)Look the topic up on the Internet for clarification.
Answer: C
Q2) What statement about specialty certification in nursing is true?
A)Specialty certification guarantees increase in salary for the nurse.
B)Healthcare agencies rarely recognize certifications by nursing specialty groups.
C)The nurse who works in hospital practice must hold at least one specialty certification.
D)The nurse must demonstrate extensive experience and continuing education in the specialty area.
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Socialization to Professional Nursing Roles
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which coping skill would be helpful as a strategy for stress reduction and time management?
A)Avoid being assigned to committees at work.
B)Delegate only when it is absolutely necessary.
C)Attend a support group to help give up the need for perfection.
D)Learn to use communication skills to win conflicts at work.
Answer: C
Q2) Which element of a role is described as how the person assuming the role believes he or she should behave in the role?
A)Performed role
B)Ideal role
C)Perceived role
D)Provision role
Answer: C
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4
Chapter 3: Historical Foundations of Professional Nursing
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the significance of Linda Richards to nursing and society?
A)She was America's first African American professional nurse.
B)She is considered the first trained nurse in the United States.
C)She cared for sick and wounded officers in Crimea.
D)She was the first nurse to go on to become a physician.
Answer: B
Q2) What was the impact on mortality as a result of the nursing care that Nightingale and her nurses provided to wounded soldiers in Crimea?
A)There was a slight increase in mortality.
B)Mortality increased dramatically.
C)There was no change.
D)There was a dramatic decrease in mortality.
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Ethical Foundations of Professional Nursing
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the major ethical argument related to allocation of health resources?
A)The question of whether health care is a right or a privilege.
B)How to provide low-cost prescription medication to low-income persons.
C)Whether physician or nurse practitioners provide the most cost-effective care.
D)Whether medication therapy is superior to diet therapy in the control of chronic illness.
Q2) Which scenario represents a nurse working at Kohlberg's preconventional stage of moral development?
A)The nurse agrees to work overtime today if he or she can have a weekend shift off.
B)The nurse agrees to work overtime today to gain the approval of the new nursing supervisor.
C)The nurse agrees to work overtime today because the hospital administration has released a rule stating that each nurse must work one overtime shift per month.
D)The nurse agrees to work overtime today because the other nurse who was asked to work the overtime shift needs to attend his or her child's school play.
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Chapter 5: Legal Foundations of Professional Nursing
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse manager is concerned that a staff nurse will be sued for malpractice.In which order should the manager analyze information to make this determination?
A)The client was injured.
B)The nurse did not follow standards of care.
C)Nurse had a duty to follow standards of care.
D)The client's injury was caused by not following standards of care.
E)The nurse was aware that an injury could occur if standards not followed.
Q2) What is true about certification in nursing?
A)It is the same as registration.
B)It is the same as credentialing.
C)It is voluntary.
D)It can be obtained only in maternal-child health.
Q3) Which option(s)are generally included in nurse practice acts? (Select all that apply. )
A)A definition of the authority of the board of nursing.
B)Specific guidelines for policy and procedures for nurses.
C)A definition of nursing.
D)The requirements for licensure.
E)Statements outlining clinical responsibilities of nurses.
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Remembering Development in Nursing
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which option is an example of an inferential concept?
A)Rash
B)Equilibrium
C)Pain
D)Powerlessness
Q2) According to Carper,which way of knowing reflects the science of nursing?
A)Empirical knowing
B)Personal knowing
C)Esthetic knowing
D)Ethical knowing
Q3) While planning care,the nurse works with the client and chooses a wholly compensatory nursing system to help the client achieve an optimal level of self-care.What is true about this situation?
A)Most nursing theorists support a different form of planning.
B)Nursing theories do not lend themselves to the action of planning nursing care.
C)Orem's general theory of nursing involves this type of planning.
D)This type of planning is only supported by the caring theorists.
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Chapter 7: The Nurse As Health Promoter and Care Provider
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Sample Questions
Q1) A client asks the nurse about a new treatment for Alzheimer disease that the client found during a search of the Internet.The treatment is based upon alternative medicine strategies.How should the nurse respond to questions about this treatment?
A)Since the treatment was discovered on the Internet,it is probably not valid.
B)Because the treatment is based upon alternative medicine strategies,it is probably not valid.
C)The treatment must be researched and found to be valid before it can be added to the Internet.
D)The treatment may be valid,but further investigation should be done before it is trusted.
Q2) The government has authorized a series of influenza immunization clinics that will be provided free of cost to citizens.Which type of health organization does this represent?
A)Health protection
B)Health restoration
C)Preventive health services
D)Health promotion
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Chapter 8: The Nurse As Learner and Teacher
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which option reflects correct ordering of learning experiences?
A)Present new content and then link it back to the client's previous knowledge.
B)Present variations of the skill and then focus on the basics.
C)Start with a neutral topic,saving client concerns for later in the teaching session.
D)First address any area causing the learner to have anxiety,and then move to other pertinent material.
Q2) A client received an injury that resulted in amputation of the right leg.The client has been unwilling to participate in physical therapy activities.Today the client says,"Well,I can't change this,so I might as well learn to live with it and do these exercises." What categorization of affective domain does this statement reflect?
A)Responding
B)Valuing
C)Organizing
D)Receiving
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Chapter 9: The Nurse As Leader and Manager
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nursing unit uses a method for nursing care delivery in which nursing assistants and licensed practical nurses provide care to a group of clients on one section of the unit.Another group of nursing assistants and licensed practical nurses provide care to a different set of clients on a different section of the unit.Both these groups of staff provide care under the supervision of a registered nurse.Which type of nursing care delivery is this?
A)Team nursing
B)Case management
C)Total patient care
D)Functional care
Q2) The nurse has been hired by the organization to direct the work of other nurses.What is the term used to describe the type of power this nurse will hold?
A)Responsibility
B)Personal influence
C)Authority
D)Accountability
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Chapter 10: The Nurses Role in Evidence-Based Health Care
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the final focus for nursing research?
A)Making a difference that matters for improving client care
B)Contributing to developing theory
C)Contributing to the body of scientific knowledge regarding nursing
D)Describing situations about which little is known
Q2) In the 1970s there was a focus on translating research findings into practice.What term was used to describe this focus?
A)Evidence-based practice
B)Randomized clinical trials
C)Research utilization
D)Scientific evidence
Q3) The nurse has been asked to support and participate in a clinical trial by administering trial medications to clients on the nursing unit.What is the most important the nurse should ask before answering this request?
A)"Will I get extra pay for participating?"
B)"Who else is participating in the trial?"
C)"Has the study been approved by the IRB?"
D)"Am I responsible if the client doesn't want to participate?"
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Chapter 11: The Nurses Role in Quality and Safety
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Sample Questions
Q1) The hospital administrator is considering the implementation of the Lean model as the framework for quality improvement in an organization.In which order should the administrator explain the elements of this model?
A)Identify value
B)Improve the flow
C)Perfect the process
D)Test the new process
E)Determine the value stream
Q2) The nurse manager is counseling a staff nurse who demonstrated reckless behavior.What should the manager say when meeting with this nurse?
A)"I have a handout that can help you."
B)"I realize that the design of the patient rooms contributed to the error."
C)"What outcomes do you think can occur if this happens again in the future?"
D)"This is the second time this has occurred and I think a few days off might be needed."
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Chapter 12: The Nurses Role As Political Advocate
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Sample Questions
Q1) A group of nurses would like to help change a workplace policy.What should these nurses consider in this desire?
A)Political action is best carried out individually.
B)Working in a group will require less individual time.
C)Group work fosters creative thinking and planning.
D)People with deep feelings about an issue often are too involved to be effective.
Q2) The nurse has been invited to an informal nursing networking meeting at a church close to the hospital where she works.What should the nurse expect to encounter at this meeting?
A)A requirement to pledge money to the group by paying dues.
B)A focus on getting to know the others attending.
C)Presence of the local television network's news anchor.
D)A plea to support the church by donating time to events.
Q3) From which source does legitimate power within an organization come?
A)Expert remembering
B)Perceived ability to reward others
C)Formal job position
D)Charisma and personal charm
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Chapter 13: The Nurse As Colleague and Collaborator
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse is collaborating with another health care provider to help a client regain skills needed to function in the home environment.This nurse is most likely working with a member of which discipline?
A)Physical therapy
B)Social work
C)Occupational therapy
D)Respiratory therapy
Q2) What percentage of Medicare dollars are thought to be expended on care provided in the last year of life?
A)A little less than 10%
B)More than 25%
C)At least 40%
D)Just under 60%
Q3) How does today's healthcare consumerism affect the need for collaboration?
A)Consumers are not interested in how lifestyle affects health.
B)Consumers expect to be involved in decision making.
C)Consumers are hesitant to assume responsibility for their own health.
D)Consumers expect physicians to make decisions for them.
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Chapter 14: Communicating Effectively
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Sample Questions
Q1) How should the nurse communicate with a toddler?
A)Talk to the child as an adult so as not to baby the child.
B)Speak only to the parents because small children are not capable of communicating their needs.
C)Use both verbal and nonverbal techniques to adequately assess the child.
D)Allow the parents to communicate for the child.
Q2) The staff development trainer is preparing teaching materials that focus on the basic elements of communication.In which order should the trainer explain the simplest process of communication?
A)Receiver sends a response
B)Sender develops a message
C)Receiver receives the message
D)Sender transmits the message
E)Receiver interprets the message
Q3) The nurse enters the client's room and asks the client a from the doorway.What distance is this considered?
A)Public
B)Social
C)Personal
D)Intimate
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Chapter 15: Managing Change
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which change theory is based on beliefs that people are rational and that they will change if it is in their self-interest?
A)Power-coercive
B)Persuasive
C)Empirical-rational
D)Facilitative
Q2) Over which type of change does the change agent have the most control?
A)Spontaneous change
B)Crisis
C)Developmental change
D)Planned change
Q3) In Lewin's Force Field Analysis Model,which two forces affect change?
A)Power and coercion
B)Driving forces and restraining forces
C)Reward and punishment
D)Discontentment and challenge
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Chapter 16: Technology and Informatics
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Human Resources director has drafted the following position description for a nurse to work in the informatics department.
Skills and Experience: Needs assessment;Technical writing;Managing the implementation of documentation systems;Training staff on the use of documentation systems;Recent database creation;Application design and testing. What important element is missing from this position description?
A)Education level
B)Budget preparation
C)Clinical experience
D)Interest in computers
Q2) The nurse manager is working with the information technology department on an approach to help the staff understand informatics concepts.From most basic to advanced,in which order should these concepts be introduced to the staff?
A)Data
B)Wisdom
C)Knowledge
D)Information
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Chapter 17: Nursing in an Evolving Health Care Delivery System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which are considered barriers to the access of health care by Americans?
A)Cost of care
B)Community health centers
C)Lack of research for evidence-based practice
D)The use of nurse practitioners
Q2) In which way would an office nurse setting up a patient's appointment and operating in a rationing of healthcare environment accept appointments?
A)The patient's ability to pay
B)The lottery system
C)Referrals
D)Recommendations from case managers
Q3) To what does resource management for nurses refer?
A)Licensure of RNs
B)Hiring of personnel
C)Evidence-based practice
D)Cost-effective approaches to quality care
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Chapter 18: Providing Care in Home and Community
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Q1) When formulating a nursing diagnosis for a client,what must the home health nurse consider?
A)The needs of the client,needs of the client's family,and the characteristics of the home.
B)The needs of the client and the caregivers of the client.
C)The current needs of the client and any potential "at risk" needs.
D)The community the client lives in and any potential risks for the client.
Q2) Data indicate that of 100 residents in a nursing home,there are 25 older adults with influenza at this time,or 25%.What would this be termed?
A)Prospective rate
B)Prevalence rate
C)Incidence rate
D)Epidemiologic rate
Q3) Data indicate that there were 14 deaths in the year 2003 related to suicide in a specific community.What would this be termed?
A)Prospective rate
B)Prevalence rate
C)Incidence rate
D)Epidemiologic rate
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Chapter 19: Global Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) A newly admitted patient is concerned about payment for health care because costs are included as a general population benefit in the client's home country.In which country is this patient most likely a citizen?
A)Spain
B)France
C)Belgium
D)Germany
Q2) A patient from Hong Kong is admitted to the hospital for gastric surgery.During the assessment the patient repeatedly asks how billing for the hospitalization will occur.What should the nurse realize about this patient's concerns?
A)Illness can cause financial ruin.
B)All health care is financed through taxes.
C)Health care is funded by governmental agencies.
D)Health care is financed by the patient's employer.
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21
Chapter 20: Dimensions of Holistic Health Care
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which are modifiable risk factors?
A)Obesity,blood pressure,smoking,and sedentary lifestyle
B)Gender,smoking,blood pressure
C)Diabetes,obesity,age
D)Smoking,diet,genetics
Q2) Chiropractic medicine,massage,osteopathic manipulation,and naturopathy are what complementary and alternative medicine category-based therapies?
A)Biologically-based
B)Energy
C)Manipulative body-based
D)Mind-body
Q3) A 47-year-old male with a BMI of 32 does not smoke,has a blood pressure of 160/90,and a family history of diabetes and kidney disease.When preparing to perform primary prevention education for this patient,which non-modifiable risk factors should the nurse identify?
A)Age,gender,and genetics
B)Previously diagnosed disease processes
C)Diabetes,hypertension,and kidney disease
D)Gender and family history
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Page 22
Chapter 21: Nursing in a Culturally Diverse World
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Sample Questions
Q1) A male with chest pain and shortness of breath asks the doctor to "fix it so that I can go back to work." This statement reflects which health belief view?
A)Biomedical
B)Holistic
C)Magico-religious
D)Folk medicine
Q2) Pain is a cultural universal.What does this mean?
A)Treatment for pain is the same in all cultures.
B)People of all cultures experience pain,but the expression of pain may vary from one culture to another.
C)People of all cultures experience pain,but the expression of pain may vary within and between peoples of different cultures.
D)People of all cultures experience pain in the same way.
Q3) Which statements are true about culture? (Select all that apply. )
A)Culture includes food preferences and ways of dressing.
B)Culture cannot be changed.
C)Culture is learned.
D)Culture is reinforced by family and community members.
E)All people of the same ethnic background have the same culture.
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Page 23
Chapter 22: Nursing in a Spiritually Diverse World
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is faith?
A)The core of a person's being,involving one's relationship with God or a higher power
B)The belief in something that cannot be directly observed
C)An organized belief system shared by a group of people and the practices related to that system
D)Unique to Christianity
Q2) The nurse is using the HOPE tool when assessing a patient's spiritual needs.In which order should the nurse ask the patient the following questions?
A)Identify sources of strength
B)What specific actions conducted?
C)Does religion influence health care?
D)What is the role of religion in your life?
Q3) To provide spiritually competent care,what should the nurse do first?
A)Perform a physical assessment.
B)Perform personal values-clarification activities.
C)Read the patient's nursing history.
D)Research information on the patient's cultural group.
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24
Chapter 23: Nursing in a Culture of Violence
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Sample Questions
Q1) A nurse assesses a client and strongly suspects child abuse.What should the nurse do next?
A)Ask the child to speak to the police.
B)Report the finding to child protection authorities.
C)Provide necessary immediate care and arrange for follow-up care of the injured.
D)Tell the parents that the nurse suspects abuse.
Q2) A charge nurse does not like working with new graduates and always assigns them the most complicated patients.What does this exemplify?
A)An appropriate work assignment
B)Bullying
C)Professional development
D)Transactional leadership
Q3) What is the result of exposure to violence in the community?
A)Inevitable depression
B)Not a problem outside the poor neighborhoods
C)Mediated by the quality of family and social supports
D)Important only for children
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Chapter 24: Advanced Nursing Education and Practice
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Q1) What international body of nursing is concerned with the definition and scope of advanced practice nursing worldwide?
A)The American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN)
B)The American Nurses Association (ANA)
C)The International Council of Nurses (ICN)
D)The World Health Organization (WHO)
Q2) What is the focus of a nurse practicing as a clinical nurse specialist (CNS)?
A)Improvement of client care and nursing practice
B)Providing orientation for the novice nurse
C)Acting as a liaison between staff nurses and administration
D)Assisting physicians with in-patient care delivery
Q3) What is one challenge when working as an advanced practice nurse?
A)Lack of formal recognition and acceptance by the public
B)The need for licensure and certification
C)Lack of prescriptive authority and reimbursement by third-party payers
D)Lack of education and experience
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Chapter 25: The Future of Nursing
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Q1) While managed care is available,there will be fewer professional nurses in hospitals and more of which type of workers supervised by professional nurses?
A)Janitorial
B)Physicians
C)Multi-skilled
D)Academic
Q2) What is causing hospitals to address the impact of consumerism?
A)Restricting medical malpractice insurance
B)Better education of the public
C)A national health policy
D)The nursing shortage
Q3) On what should nurses focus in order to keep up with the globalization of health care?
A)Medical care development
B)Advanced practice nursing
C)Culturally competent care
D)Standards of practice
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