Nursing Care of Children Exam Preparation Guide
Course Introduction
Nursing Care of Children focuses on the principles and practices essential for providing effective, compassionate nursing care to infants, children, and adolescents. The course covers growth and development milestones, common pediatric health conditions, family-centered care, and age-appropriate communication strategies. Emphasis is placed on assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation of nursing interventions to address the unique physiological, emotional, and developmental needs of pediatric patients. Ethical considerations, advocacy, health promotion, and the partnership with families and interdisciplinary teams are also explored to ensure holistic and culturally competent care for children across various healthcare settings.
Recommended Textbook
Wongs Nursing Care of Infants and Children 10th Edition by Hockenberry
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35 Chapters
1814 Verified Questions
1814 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/256 Page 2
Chapter 1: Perspectives of Pediatric Nursing
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41 Verified Questions
41 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/4161
Sample Questions
Q1) Which are included in the evaluation step of the nursing process? (Select all that apply.)
A) Determination if the outcome has been met
B) Ascertaining if the plan requires modification
C) Establish priorities and selecting expected patient goals
D) Selecting alternative interventions if the outcome has not been met
E) Determining if a risk or actual dysfunctional health problem exists
Answer: A, B, D
Q2) The patient's right to be self-governing
A)Autonomy
B)Nonmaleficence
C)Beneficence
D)Justice
Answer: A
Q3) The obligation to promote the patient's well-being
A)Autonomy
B)Nonmaleficence
C)Beneficence
D)Justice Answer: C
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Chapter 2: Social, Cultural, Religious, and Family Influences on Child
Health Promotion
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41 Verified Questions
41 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse is teaching parents about the effects of media on childhood obesity. The nurse realizes the parents understand the teaching if they make which statements? (Select all that apply.)
A) "Advertising of unhealthy food can increase snacking."
B) "Increased screen time may be related to unhealthy sleep."
C) "There is a link between the amount of screen time and obesity."
D) "Increased screen time can lead to better knowledge of nutrition."
E) "Physical activity increases when children increase the amount of screen time."
Answer: A, B, C
Q2) A Hispanic toddler has pneumonia. The nurse notices that the parent consistently feeds the child only the broth that comes on the clear liquid tray. Food items, such as Jell-O, Popsicles, and juices, are left. Which statement best explains this?
A) The parent is trying to feed the child only what the child likes most.
B) Hispanics believe the "evil eye" enters when a person gets cold.
C) The parent is trying to restore normal balance through appropriate "hot" remedies.
D) Hispanics believe an innate energy called chi is strengthened by eating soup.
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Hereditary Influences on Health Promotion of the
Child and Family
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42 Verified Questions
42 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which can be directly attributed to a single-gene disorder? (Select all that apply.)
A) Cleft lip
B) Cystic fibrosis
C) Turner syndrome
D) Klinefelter syndrome
E) Neurofibromatosis
Answer: B, E
Q2) Which genetic term refers to a person who possesses one copy of an affected gene and one copy of an unaffected gene and is clinically unaffected?
A) Allele
B) Carrier
C) Pedigree
D) Multifactorial
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Communication, Physical, and Developmental Assessment
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49 Verified Questions
49 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse is preparing to assess a 10-month-old infant. He is sitting on his father's lap and appears to be afraid of the nurse and of what might happen next. Which initial actions by the nurse should be most appropriate?
A) Initiate a game of peek-a-boo.
B) Ask the infant's father to place the infant on the examination table.
C) Talk softly to the infant while taking him from his father.
D) Undress the infant while he is still sitting on his father's lap.
Q2) The nurse is assessing heart sounds on a school-age child. Which should the nurse document as abnormal findings if found on the assessment? (Select all that apply.)
A) S4 heart sound
B) S3 heart sound
C) Grade II murmur
D) S1 louder at the apex of the heart
E) S2 louder than S1 in the aortic area
Q3) Which parameter correlates best with measurements of total muscle mass?
A) Height
B) Weight
C) Skinfold thickness
D) Upper arm circumference
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Pain Assessment and Management in Children
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40 Verified Questions
40 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A health care provider prescribes acetaminophen (Tylenol) gtt, 10 mg/kg/dose PO every 4 to 6 hours as needed for pain. The infant weighs 8 kg. The medication label states: "Acetaminophen 80 mg/0.8 mL." The nurse prepares to administer one dose. How many milliliters will the nurse prepare to administer one dose? Fill in the blank. Record your answer to one decimal place.
Q2) Children as young as age 3 years can use facial scales for discrimination. What are some suggested anchor words for the preschool age group?
A) "No hurt."
B) "Red pain."
C) "Zero hurt."
D) "Least pain."
Q3) A health care provider prescribes diphenhydramine (Benadryl), 1 mg/kg PO every 4 to 6 hours as needed for pruritus. The child weighs 10 kg. The medication label states: "Diphenhydramine 12.5 mg/5 mL." The nurse prepares to administer one dose. How many milliliters will the nurse prepare to administer one dose? Fill in the blank. Record your answer in a whole number.
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Chapter 6: Childhood Communicable and Infectious Diseases
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47 Verified Questions
47 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The clinic nurse is instructing parents about caring for a toddler with ascariasis (common roundworm). Which statement made by the parents indicates a need for further teaching?
A) "We will wash our hands often, especially after diaper changes."
B) "We know that roundworm can be transmitted from person to person."
C) "We will be sure to continue the nitazoxanide (Alinia) orally for 3 days."
D) "We will bring a stool sample to the clinic for examination in 2 weeks."
Q2) A child has been diagnosed with scabies. Which statement by the parent indicates understanding of the nurse's teaching about scabies?
A) "The itching will stop after the cream is applied."
B) "We will complete extensive aggressive housecleaning."
C) "We will apply the cream to only the affected areas as directed."
D) "Everyone who has been in close contact with my child will need to be treated."
Q3) What should the nurse explain about ringworm?
A) It is not contagious.
B) It is a sign of uncleanliness.
C) It is expected to resolve spontaneously.
D) It is spread by both direct and indirect contact.
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Chapter 7: Health Promotion of the Newborn and Family
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40 Verified Questions
40 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse is completing a physical and gestational age assessment on an infant who is 12 hours old. Which components are included in the gestational age assessment? (Select all that apply.)
A) Arm recoil
B) Popliteal angle
C) Motor performance
D) Primitive reflexes
E) Square window
F) Scarf sign
Q2) Which term is used to describe a newborn's first stool?
A) Milia
B) Milk stool
C) Meconium
D) Transitional
Q3) The Apgar score of an infant 5 minutes after birth is 8. Which is the nurse's best interpretation of this?
A) Resuscitation is likely to be needed.
B) Adjustment to extrauterine life is adequate.
C) Additional scoring in 5 more minutes is needed.
D) Maternal sedation or analgesia contributed to the low score.
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Chapter 8: Health Problems of Newborns
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37 Verified Questions
37 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse is caring for an infant who will be discharged on home phototherapy. What instructions should the nurse include in the discharge teaching to the parents?
A) Apply an oil-based lotion to the infant's skin two times per day to prevent the skin from drying out under the phototherapy light.
B) Keep the eye shields on the infant's eyes even when the phototherapy light is turned off.
C) Take the infant's temperature every 2 hours while the newborn is under the phototherapy light.
D) Make a follow-up visit with the health care provider within 2 or 3 days after your infant has been on phototherapy.
Q2) When should the nurse expect breastfeeding-associated jaundice to first appear in a normal infant?
A) 2 to 12 hours
B) 12 to 24 hours
C) 2 to 4 days
D) After the fifth day
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Chapter 9: The High-Risk Newborn and Family
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56 Verified Questions
56 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse is caring for an infant born at 37 weeks of gestation of a nondiabetic mother just admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit for observation. The nurse notes that which lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio obtained before delivery indicates no risk of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)?
A) 1.4:1
B) 1.6:1
C) 1.8:1
D) 2:1
Q2) A preterm infant who is being fed commercial formula by gavage has had an increase in gastric residuals, abdominal distention, and apneic episodes. Which is the most appropriate nursing action?
A) Notify the practitioner.
B) Reduce the amount fed by gavage.
C) Feed human milk by gavage.
D) Feed only a glucose solution until the infant stabilizes.
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11
Chapter 10: Health Promotion of the Infant and Family
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49 Verified Questions
49 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse is planning play activities for a 2-month-old hospitalized infant to stimulate the auditory sense. Which activities should the nurse implement? (Select all that apply.)
A) Talk to the infant.
B) Play a music box.
C) Place a squeaky doll in the crib.
D) Give the infant a small-handled clear rattle.
Q2) The nurse is performing an assessment on a 12-month-old infant. Which fine or gross motor developmental skill demonstrates the proximodistal acquisition of skills?
A) Standing
B) Sitting without assistance
C) Fully developed pincer grasp
D) Taking a few steps holding onto something
Q3) At what age is it safe to give infants whole milk instead of commercial infant formula?
A) 6 months
B) 9 months
C) 12 months
D) 18 months
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Health Problems of the Infant
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50 Verified Questions
50 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse is administering an oral antihistamine at bedtime to a child with atopic dermatitis (eczema). Which antihistamine should the nurse expect to be prescribed at bedtime?
A) Cetirizine (Zyrtec)
B) Loratadine (Claritin)
C) Fexofenadine (Allegra)
D) Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
Q2) Which one of the following strategies might be recommended for an infant with failure to thrive (FTT) to increase caloric intake?
A) Vary the schedule for routine activities on a daily basis.
B) Be persistent through 10 to 15 minutes of food refusal.
C) Avoid solids until after the bottle is well accepted.
D) Use developmental stimulation by a specialist during feedings.
Q3) A health care provider prescribes iron supplements (Fer-In-Sol), 1 mg/kg/day orally (PO). The infant weighs 5 kg. The medication label states: "Fer-In-Sol 25 mg/1 ml." The nurse prepares to administer one dose. How many milliliters will the nurse prepare to administer one dose? Fill in the blank. Record your answer to one decimal place.
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13
Chapter 12: Health Promotion of the Toddler and Family
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49 Verified Questions
49 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The parent of 16-month-old child asks, "What is the best way to keep my child from getting into our medicines at home?" What should the nurse advise?
A) "All medicines should be locked securely away."
B) "The medicines should be placed in high cabinets."
C) "Your child just needs to be taught not to touch medicines."
D) "Medicines should not be kept in the homes of small children."
Q2) Parents are switching their toddler, who has met the weight requirement, from a rear-facing car seat to a forward-facing seat. The nurse should recommend the parents place the seat where in the car?
A) In the front passenger seat
B) In the middle of the rear seat
C) In the rear seat behind the driver
D) In the rear seat behind the passenger
Q3) The nurse is assessing a toddler's visual acuity. Which visual acuity is considered acceptable during the toddler years?
A) 20/20
B) 20/40
C) 20/50
D) 20/60
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Health Promotion of the Preschooler and Family
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39 Verified Questions
39 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse has just given a subcutaneous injection to a preschool child, and the child asks for a Band-Aid over the site. Which action should the nurse implement?
A) Place a Band-Aid over the site.
B) Massage the injection site with an alcohol swab.
C) Show the child there is no bleeding from the site.
D) Explain that a Band-Aid is not needed after a subcutaneous injection.
Q2) The nurse is explaining average weight gain during the preschool years to a group of parents. Which average weight gain should the nurse suggest to the parents?
A) 1 to 2 kg
B) 2 to 3 kg
C) 3 to 4 kg
D) 4 to 5 kg
Q3) In terms of cognitive development, a 5-year-old child should be expected to do which?
A) Think abstractly.
B) Use magical thinking.
C) Understand conservation of matter.
D) Understand another person's perspective.
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Chapter 14: Health Problems of Early Childhood
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39 Verified Questions
39 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is a significant secondary prevention nursing activity for lead poisoning?
A) Chelation therapy
B) Screening children for blood lead levels
C) Removing lead-based paint from older homes
D) Questioning parents about ethnic remedies containing lead
Q2) A child with corrosive poisoning is being admitted to the emergency department. What clinical manifestation does the nurse expect to assess on this child?
A) Nausea and vomiting
B) Alterations in sensorium, such as lethargy
C) Severe burning pain in the mouth, throat, and stomach
D) Respiratory symptoms of acute pulmonary involvement
Q3) A parent asks the nurse about the "characteristics of a sleep terror." What response should the nurse give to the parent? (Select all that apply.)
A) The child screams during the sleep terror.
B) Return to sleep is delayed because of persistent fear.
C) The night terror occurs during the second half of night.
D) The child has no memory of the dream with a sleep terror.
E) The child is not aware of another's presence during a sleep terror.
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Health Promotion of the School-Age Child and Family
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42 Verified Questions
42 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Parents are concerned about their child riding an all-terrain vehicle. What should the nurse tell the parents about safe use of all-terrain vehicles? (Select all that apply.)
A) Restrict riding to familiar terrain.
B) Limit street use to the neighborhood.
C) Nighttime riding should not be allowed.
D) Vehicles should not carry more than two persons.
E) Vehicles should include seat belts, roll bars, and automatic headlights.
Q2) What do nursing interventions to promote health during middle childhood include?
A) Stress the need for increased calorie intake to meet increased demands.
B) Instruct parents to defer questions about sex until the child reaches adolescence.
C) Advise parents that the child will need increasing amounts of rest toward the end of this period.
D) Educate parents about the need for good dental hygiene because these are the years in which permanent teeth erupt.
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Chapter 16: Health Problems of the School-Age Child
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48 Verified Questions
48 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Absence of sensation
A)Pruritus
B)Anesthesia
C)Hyperesthesia
D)Hypesthesia
E)Paresthesia
Q2) The nurse is caring for a child with erythema multiforme (Stevens-Johnson syndrome). What local manifestations does the nurse expect to assess in this child? (Select all that apply.)
A) Papular urticaria
B) Erythematous papular rash
C) Lesions absent in the scalp
D) Lesions enlarge by peripheral expansion
E) Firm papules that may be capped by vesicles
Q3) Excessive sensitiveness
A)Pruritus
B)Anesthesia
C)Hyperesthesia
D)Hypesthesia
E)Paresthesia
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Chapter 17: Health Promotion of the Adolescent and Family
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34 Verified Questions
34 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is true concerning masturbation during adolescence?
A) Homosexuality is encouraged by the practice of masturbation.
B) Many girls do not begin masturbation until after they have intercourse.
C) Masturbation at an early age leads to sexual intercourse at an earlier age.
D) Development of intimate relationships is delayed when masturbation is regularly practiced.
Q2) What is an important consideration for the school nurse planning a class on injury prevention for adolescents?
A) Adolescents generally are not risk takers.
B) Adolescents can anticipate the long-term consequences of serious injuries.
C) Adolescents need to discharge energy, often at the expense of logical thinking.
D) During adolescence, participation in sports should be limited to prevent permanent injuries.
Q3) The school nurse recognizes that adolescents should get how many hours of sleep each night?
A) 6 hours
B) 7 hours
C) 8 hours
D) 9 hours
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Page 19
Chapter 18: Health Problems of the Adolescent
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60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is a major physical risk for young adolescents during pregnancy?
A) Osteoporosis frequently develops.
B) Fetopelvic disproportion is a common problem.
C) Delivery is usually precipitous in this age group.
D) Pregnancy will adversely affect the adolescent's development.
Q2) What statement is true about gonorrhea?
A) It is caused by Treponema pallidum.
B) Treatment of all sexual contacts is essential.
C) Topical application of medication to the lesions is necessary.
D) Therapeutic management includes multidose administration of penicillin.
Q3) What menstrual disorders are indications for a pelvic examination? (Select all that apply.)
A) Amenorrhea
B) Dyspareunia
C) Impaired fertility
D) Irregular uterine or vaginal bleeding
E) Dysmenorrhea unresponsive to therapy
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20
Chapter 19: Family-Centered Care of the Child with Chronic
Illness or Disability
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48 Verified Questions
48 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse has been assigned as a home health nurse for a child who is technology dependent. The nurse recognizes that the family's background differs widely from the nurse's own. The nurse believes some of their lifestyle choices are less than ideal. What nursing intervention is most appropriate to institute?
A) Change the family.
B) Respect the differences.
C) Assess why the family is different.
D) Determine whether the family is dysfunctional.
Q2) Parents ask for help for their other children to cope with the changes in the family resulting from the special needs of their sibling. What strategy does the nurse recommend?
A) Explain to the siblings that embarrassment is unhealthy.
B) Encourage the parents not to expect siblings to help them care for the child with special needs.
C) Provide information to the siblings about the child's condition only as requested.
D) Invite the siblings to attend meetings to develop plans for the child with special needs.
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Chapter 20: Family-Centered Palliative Care
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Sample Questions
Q1) A preschooler is found digging up a pet bird that was recently buried after it died. What is the best explanation for this behavior?
A) He has a morbid preoccupation with death.
B) He is looking to see if a ghost took it away.
C) He needs reassurance that the pet has not gone somewhere else.
D) The loss is not yet resolved, and professional counseling is needed.
Q2) What explanation best describes how preschoolers react to the death of a loved one?
A) Grief is acute but does not last long at this age.
B) Children this age are too young to have a concept of death.
C) Preschoolers may feel guilty and responsible for the death.
D) They express grief in the same way that the adults in the preschoolers' life are expressing grief.
Q3) At which developmental period do children have the most difficulty coping with death, particularly if it is their own?
A) Toddlerhood
B) Preschool
C) School age
D) Adolescence
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Page 22
Chapter 21: The Child with Cognitive, Sensory, or Communication Impairment
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48 Verified Questions
48 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What suggestion by the nurse for parents regarding stuttering in children is most helpful?
A) Offer rewards for proper speech.
B) Encourage the child to take it easy and go slow when stuttering.
C) Help the child by supplying words when he or she is experiencing a block.
D) Give the child plenty of time and the impression that you are not in a hurry.
Q2) The nurse is assessing a child with Down syndrome. The nurse recognizes that which are possible comorbidities that can occur with Down syndrome? (Select all that apply.)
A) Diabetes mellitus
B) Hodgkin's disease
C) Congenital heart defects
D) Respiratory tract infections
E) Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia
Q3) What condition is defined as reduced visual acuity in one eye despite appropriate optical correction?
A) Myopia
B) Hyperopia
C) Amblyopia
D) Astigmatism
Page 23
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Chapter 22: Family-Centered Care of the Child During
Illness and Hospitalization
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse is providing support to parents adapting to the hospitalization of their child to the pediatric intensive care unit. The nurse notices that the parents keep asking the same questions. What should the nurse do?
A) Patiently continue to answer questions, trying different approaches.
B) Kindly refer them to someone else for answering their questions.
C) Recognize that some parents cannot understand explanations.
D) Suggest that they ask their questions when they are not upset.
Q2) What choice of words or phrases would be inappropriate to use with a child?
A) "Rolling bed" for "stretcher"
B) "Special medicine" for "dye"
C) "Make sleepy" for "deaden"
D) "Catheter" for "intravenous"
Q3) The psychosexual conflicts of preschool children make them extremely vulnerable to which threat?
A) Loss of control
B) Loss of identity
C) Separation anxiety
D) Bodily injury and pain
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Chapter 23: Pediatric Nursing Interventions and Skills
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Sample Questions
Q1) What play activities should the nurse implement to encourage fluid intake for a child? (Select all that apply.)
A) Have a tea party.
B) Use a crazy straw.
C) Cut gelatin into fun shapes.
D) Place liquid in large Styrofoam cups.
E) Make ice pops using the child's favorite juice.
Q2) The nurse on a pediatric unit is writing guidelines for age-specific preparation of children for procedures based on developmental characteristics. What guideline is accurate?
A) Inform toddlers about an upcoming procedure 2 hours before the procedure is to be performed.
B) Inform school-age children about an upcoming procedure immediately before the procedure is scheduled to occur.
C) Discourage parent presence during procedures on infants and toddlers.
D) Use simple diagrams of anatomy and physiology to explain a procedure to a school-age child.
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Chapter 24: The Child with Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalance
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Sample Questions
Q1) What flush solution is recommended for intravenous catheters larger than 24 gauge?
A) Saline
B) Heparin
C) Alteplase
D) Heparin and saline combination
Q2) What explains physiologically the edema formation that occurs with burns?
A) Vasoconstriction
B) Reduced capillary permeability
C) Increased capillary permeability
D) Diminished hydrostatic pressure within capillaries
Q3) The nurse is caring for an 18-month-old child with rotavirus. What clinical manifestations should the nurse expect to observe?
A) Severe abdominal cramping and bloody diarrhea
B) Mild fever and vomiting followed by onset of watery stools
C) Colicky abdominal pain and vomiting
D) High fever, diarrhea, and lethargy
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Chapter 25: The Child with Renal Dysfunction
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Sample Questions
Q1) A hospitalized child with minimal change nephrotic syndrome is receiving high doses of prednisone. What nursing goal is appropriate for this child?
A) Stimulate appetite.
B) Detect evidence of edema.
C) Minimize risk of infection.
D) Promote adherence to the antibiotic regimen.
Q2) For minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS), prednisone is effective when what occurs?
A) Appetite increases and blood pressure is normal
B) Urinary tract infection is gone and edema subsides
C) Generalized edema subsides and blood pressure is normal
D) Diuresis occurs as urinary protein excretion diminishes
Q3) The nurse is teaching a client to prevent future urinary tract infections (UTIs). What factor is most important to emphasize as the potential cause?
A) Poor hygiene
B) Constipation
C) Urinary stasis
D) Congenital anomalies
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Chapter 26: The Child with Gastrointestinal Dysfunction
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Sample Questions
Q1) The mother of a child with cognitive impairment calls the nurse because her son has been gagging and drooling all morning. The nurse suspects foreign body ingestion. What physiologic occurrence is most likely responsible for the presenting signs?
A) Gastrointestinal perforation may have occurred.
B) The object may have been aspirated.
C) The object may be lodged in the esophagus.
D) The object may be embedded in stomach wall.
Q2) The nurse is caring for a child admitted with acute abdominal pain and possible appendicitis. What intervention is appropriate to relieve the abdominal discomfort during the evaluation?
A) Place in the Trendelenburg position.
B) Apply moist heat to the abdomen.
C) Allow the child to assume a position of comfort.
D) Administer a saline enema to cleanse the bowel.
Q3) Detected only in the liver
A)HBsAg
B)Anti-HBs
C)HBcAg
D)HBeAg
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Page 28
Chapter 27: Overview of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Exchange
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse is planning home care for a 2-year-old child with a tracheostomy. What recommendation should be included?
A) Sterile technique is essential in home care of the tracheostomy.
B) Parents are able to change the tracheostomy tube when needed.
C) Play activities must be sedentary such as listening to music and working on puzzles.
D) The child must wear a plastic bib when eating or drinking to prevent aspiration into the stoma.
Q2) Arterial blood gases have just been drawn on a child. What should the nurse do next?
A) Take the sample to the laboratory immediately.
B) Pack the sample in ice and take it to the laboratory immediately.
C) Place the sample in a brown bag until it can be taken to laboratory.
D) Refrigerate the sample until it can be taken to the laboratory.
Q3) The nurse is calculating the amount of expected urinary output for a 24-hour period on an intubated young child who weighs 22 lb. The nurse recognizes the formula to be used is 2 ml/kg/hr. What is the expected 24-hour urinary output for this child in milliliters? Record your answer below in a whole number.
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Chapter 28: The Child with Respiratory Dysfunction
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Sample Questions
Q1) Decongestant nose drops are recommended for a 10-month-old infant with an upper respiratory tract infection. Instructions for nose drops should include which information?
A) Do not use for more than 3 days.
B) Keep drops to use again for nasal congestion.
C) Administer drops after feedings and at bedtime.
D) Give two drops every 5 minutes until nasal congestion subsides.
Q2) What drug is usually given first in the emergency treatment of an acute, severe asthma episode in a young child?
A) Ephedrine
B) Theophylline
C) Aminophylline
D) Short-acting \(\beta_{2}\)-agonists
Q3) A child with cystic fibrosis is receiving recombinant human deoxyribonuclease (DNase). What statement about DNase is true?
A) Given subcutaneously
B) May cause voice alterations
C) May cause mucus to thicken
D) Not indicated for children younger than age 12 years
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Page 30
Chapter 29: The Child with Cardiovascular Dysfunction
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse is caring for a child after cardiac surgery. What interventions should the nurse implement with regard to chest tubes placed to a water-seal drainage system?
(Select all that apply.)
A) Maintain sterility.
B) Check for tube patency.
C) Do not interrupt the water-seal drainage system.
D) Clamp the chest tube when ambulating the child.
E) Measure the drainage by emptying the collection chamber every shift.
Q2) Seventy-two hours after cardiac surgery, a young child has a temperature of 38.4° C (101.1° F). What action should the nurse perform?
A) Report findings to the practitioner.
B) Apply a hypothermia blanket.
C) Keep the child warm with blankets.
D) Record the temperature on the assessment flow sheet.
Q3) What clinical manifestation is a common sign of digoxin toxicity?
A) Seizures
B) Vomiting
C) Bradypnea
D) Tachycardia
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Chapter 30: The Child with Hematologic or Immunologic Dysfunction
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Sample Questions
Q1) What statement best describes iron deficiency anemia in infants?
A) It is caused by depression of the hematopoietic system.
B) Diagnosis is easily made because of the infant's emaciated appearance.
C) It results from a decreased intake of milk and the premature addition of solid foods.
D) Clinical manifestations are related to a reduction in the amount of oxygen available to tissues.
Q2) The nurse is teaching parents of a child being discharged from the hospital after a splenectomy about the risk of infection. What should the nurse include in the teaching session? (Select all that apply.)
A) Avoid obtaining the pneumococcal vaccination for the child.
B) Avoid obtaining the meningococcal vaccination for the child.
C) The child should receive prophylactic penicillin for certain procedures.
D) Have the child immunized with the Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccination.
E) Notify the health care provider if your child develops a fever of 38.5° C (101.3° F).
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Chapter 31: The Child with Cancer
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Sample Questions
Q1) Calculate the absolute neutrophil count for a child with a WBC = 10,000/mm³, neutrophils = 25%, and nonsegmented neutrophils (bands) = 22%. Record your answer in a whole number.
Q2) A child on chemotherapy has developed rectal ulcers. What interventions should the nurse teach to the child and parents to relieve the discomfort of rectal ulcers? (Select all that apply.)
A) Warm sitz baths
B) Use of stool softeners
C) Record bowel movements
D) Use of an opioid for discomfort
E) Occlusive ointment applied to the area
Q3) One pediatric oncologic emergency is acute tumor lysis syndrome. Symptoms that this may be occurring include what?
A) Muscle cramps and tetany
B) Respiratory distress and cyanosis
C) Thrombocytopenia and sepsis
D) Upper extremity edema and neck vein distension
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Chapter 32: The Child with Cerebral Dysfunction
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse is preparing to admit a 10-year-old child with absence seizures. What clinical features of absence seizures should the nurse recognize? (Select all that apply.)
A) There is no aura.
B) There is a postictal state.
C) They usually last longer than 30 seconds.
D) There is a brief loss of consciousness.
E) There is an occasional clonic movement.
Q2) A young child's parents call the nurse after their child is bitten by a raccoon in the woods. The nurse's recommendation should be based on what knowledge?
A) Antirabies prophylaxis must be initiated immediately.
B) The child should be hospitalized for close observation.
C) No treatment is necessary if thorough wound cleaning is done.
D) Antirabies prophylaxis must be initiated as soon as clinical manifestations appear.
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Chapter 33: The Child with Endocrine Dysfunction
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Sample Questions
Q1) A child is receiving propylthiouracil for the treatment of hyperthyroidism (Graves disease). The parents and child should be taught to recognize and report which sign or symptom immediately?
A) Fatigue
B) Weight loss
C) Fever, sore throat
D) Upper respiratory tract infection
Q2) The nurse is caring for an adolescent with anorexia nervosa. What pituitary dysfunction should the nurse assess for in the adolescent?
A) Hypopituitarism
B) Pituitary hyperfunction
C) Hyperplasia of the pituitary cells
D) Overproduction of the anterior pituitary hormones
Q3) The thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) increases secretion in response to which hormone?
A) Low levels of circulating thyroid hormone
B) High levels of circulating thyroid hormone
C) Low levels of circulating adrenocorticotropic hormone
D) High levels of circulating adrenocorticotropic hormone
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Page 35
Chapter 34: The Child with Musculoskeletal or Articular Dysfunction
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Sample Questions
Q1) A child has had a short-arm synthetic cast applied. What should the nurse teach to the child and parents about cast care? (Select all that apply.)
A) Relieve itching with heat.
B) Elevate the arm when resting.
C) Observe the fingers for any evidence of discoloration.
D) Do not allow the child to put anything inside the cast.
E) Examine the skin at the cast edges for any breakdown.
Q2) Parents bring a 7-year-old child to the clinic for evaluation of an injured wrist after a bicycle accident. The parents and child are upset, and the child will not allow an examination of the injured arm. What priority nursing intervention should occur at this time?
A) Send the child to radiology so radiography can be performed.
B) Initiate an intravenous line and administer morphine for the pain.
C) Calmly ask the child to point to where the pain is worst and to wiggle fingers.
D) Have the parents hold the child so that the nurse can examine the arm thoroughly.
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Chapter 35: The Child with Neuromuscular or Muscular Dysfunction
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are some of the associated disabilities seen with cerebral palsy? (Select all that apply.)
A) Visual impairment
B) Hearing impairment
C) Speech difficulties
D) Intellectual impairment
E) Associated heart defects
Q2) A mother tells the clinic nurse that she often puts honey on her infant's pacifier to soothe the infant. What response should the nurse make to the mother?
A) "That is a good way to soothe your baby."
B) "Honey does not have any soothing effects."
C) "There is still a risk for infant botulism from honey."
D) "Honey is OK, but it should not be put on the pacifier."
Q3) Spastic cerebral palsy (CP) is characterized by which clinical manifestations?
A) Athetosis, dystonic movements
B) Tremors, lack of active movement
C) Hypertonicity; poor control of posture, balance, and coordinated motion
D) Wide-based gait; poor performance of rapid, repetitive movements
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