Nursing Across the Lifespan Review Questions
Course Introduction
Nursing Across the Lifespan explores the principles and practices of nursing care for individuals at every stage of human development, from infancy through old age. The course emphasizes the physiological, psychological, and social changes that occur throughout the lifespan and how these changes influence health, illness, and nursing interventions. Students will examine age-specific health needs, health promotion strategies, and common health challenges, gaining skills to deliver holistic, evidence-based care across diverse populations. Special attention is given to cultural competence, communication, and collaboration with interdisciplinary teams to support patients and families in varying life circumstances.
Recommended Textbook Health Promotion Throughout the Life Span 8th Edition by Edelman
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25 Chapters
700 Verified Questions
700 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Health Defined: Objectives for Promotion and Prevention
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28 Verified Questions
28 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is most influenced by the social and economic environment of a community?
A) Social health policies
B) Quality of care
C) Evidence-based practice
D) Practice guidelines
Answer: A
Q2) A nurse is planning to deliver an educational program to individuals with diabetes. Which of the following should be the initial action taken by the nurse to ensure the success of the program?
A) Assess the motivation level of the individuals
B) Assess the knowledge level of the individuals
C) Establish teacher-learner goals with the individuals
D) Establish multiple teaching sessions with the individuals
Answer: B
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Emerging Populations and Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following actions demonstrates a health care professional providing culturally competent care?
A) Encouraging the person to take medications as prescribed
B) Asking the person to describe his folk healing methods
C) Demonstrating the proper way to administer an insulin injection
D) Assisting the person with discussing his health problems with the family
Answer: B
Q2) A health care professional is leading a community action coalition to address the problem of homelessness within the neighborhood. Which of the following statements would most likely be made by health care professional?
A) Homelessness should be addressed by improving financial assistance programs.
B) Homelessness should be of concern to everyone in the neighborhood.
C) Homelessness should be addressed by encouraging job growth in the area.
D) Homelessness should be of concern to the mental health providers in the area.
Answer: B
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4
Chapter 3: Health Policy and the Delivery System
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Sample Questions
Q1) A community health nurse is presenting information about the current health of the nation to a local political action group in 2011. Which of the following information would be included in this presentation? (select all that apply)
A) Funding of public health programs has improved the health of the nation.
B) Provision of health care has improved the health of the nation.
C) Advances in technology have improved the health of the nation.
D) Consumer education has improved the health of the nation.
Answer: A, B, D
Q2) Which person is at highest risk for being uninsured?
A) 68-year-old retired mailman
B) 48-year-old on renal dialysis
C) 2-year-old whose parents work but do not have benefits through their employers
D) 27-year-old who attends college and works part time in a small pizza parlor
Answer: D
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5
Chapter 4: The Therapeutic Relationship
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is the first step in the valuing process?
A) Acting out the choice
B) Selecting from alternatives
C) Being happy with personal beliefs and actions
D) Choosing freely
Q2) Which of the following statements can be identified as a method for clarifying a message?
A) "I get very upset when you talk to me in that tone."
B) "You make me very angry when you drink alcohol."
C) "I can make you happy. I know I can."
D) "What I want from you is to be left alone!"
Q3) A nurse is working with a person to increase his daily exercise and activity. Which of the following statements by the nurse best demonstrates the use of reflection?
A) "I have also struggled with finding time to exercise on a regular basis."
B) "Regular exercise plays an important role in preventing many health problems."
C) "You said that you have difficulty making time in your day for exercise."
D) "It may be helpful if we developed a goal related to daily exercise. "
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Chapter 5: Ethical Issues Related to Health Promotion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following concepts of ethics is described as the "duty to maximize the benefits of actions while minimizing harm"?
A) Advocacy
B) Justice
C) Beneficence
D) Autonomy
Q2) Which concept is aimed at interrupting potential ethical problems before they develop?
A) Feminist ethics
B) Preventive ethics
C) Metaethics
D) Normative ethics
Q3) Which of the following types of ethical theories tells us how people act toward each other and their environments and what they believe are good or moral actions?
A) Descriptive value theories
B) Normative theories
C) Consequentialism theory
D) Duty-based theories
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Chapter 6: Health Promotion and the Individual
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Sample Questions
Q1) A 27-year-old woman has not received a Pap test i 3 1/2 n years. This assessment finding identifies an alteration in which functional pattern?
A) Health-perception-health-management pattern
B) Elimination pattern
C) Activity-rest pattern
D) Self-perception-self-concept pattern
Q2) Who authored the framework which provides the foundation for nursing assessment and diagnosis using the functional health patterns?
A) Erikson
B) Gordon
C) Newman
D) Nightingale
Q3) Which scenario indicates a potentially dysfunctional pattern?
A) Adult with frequent urination
B) Woman who lost her job
C) Elderly person with blurred vision
D) Overweight adult with a sweet tooth
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Chapter 7: Health Promotion and the Family
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Sample Questions
Q1) A nurse is caring for a family with an adolescent child. Which of the following problems would the nurse anticipate that the family would report?
A) Concerns about career decisions
B) Concerns about exposure to environmental hazards
C) Difficulty with parents finding fulfillment with raising the child
D) Difficulty with open communication with the child
Q2) A nurse is assessing how a family will transition and adapt after their youngest child leaves for college. By using this framework, which of the following perspectives is the nurse implementing?
A) Risk-factor
B) Structural-functional
C) Open systems
D) Developmental
Q3) Which of the following would be described as a family structural component?
A) Income earner of the house
B) Socialization for the family
C) Immunization of infants
D) Launching of children
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Chapter 8: Health Promotion and the Community
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Sample Questions
Q1) In response to the growing elderly population, community health nurses should do which of the following? (select all that apply)
A) Work with the board of education to emphasize the importance of adequate physical activity for children and the importance of healthy meals.
B) Work with local nursing schools to emphasize the importance of geriatric training in the curriculum.
C) Work with the state and local departments of health to devise a plan to increase nursing home beds.
D) Work with local health departments to increase recreational activities for elderly members of the community.
E) None of above
Q2) A nurse is assessing a community from both a developmental and risk perspective. Which of the following characteristics would be of most interest to the nurse?
A) Gender
B) Age
C) Race
D) Socioeconomic level
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Chapter 9: Screening
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Sample Questions
Q1) Influenza occurs among Americans at a rate of 36 per 100 people annually. Which type of rate is this statement describing?
A) Prevalence rate
B) Incidence rate
C) Morbidity rate
D) Mortality rate
Q2) The nurse is examining the ability of a phenylketonuria (PKU) screening test to distinguish correctly between newborns who have and who do not have the disease. Which of the following measures of accuracy of the instrument is being evaluated?
A) Sensitivity
B) Specificity
C) Validity
D) Efficacy
Q3) Which of the following is an example of screening? (select all that apply)
A) Asking if someone performs self-breast exam
B) Performing a self-breast exam
C) Obtaining a mammogram
D) Undergoing a needle biopsy
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Chapter 10: Health Education
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Sample Questions
Q1) An overweight woman is in the preparation stage of change. Which of the following interventions would be the most appropriate for the nurse to implement?
A) Inform her of the health risks associated with being overweight.
B) Prepare her for the setbacks.
C) Develop a low-calorie/low-fat diet with her so she can follow it at home.
D) Praise her for her recent successes.
Q2) A nurse is using a health education component when teaching about smoking cessation. Which of the following actions is the nurse implementing?
A) Setting a quit date for people in a smoking cessation class
B) Providing education regarding the benefits of smoking cessation
C) Allowing smokers to participate in a smoking cessation program only if they use the patch nicotine replacement system
D) Encouraging attendees of a smoking cessation program to participate in a research study
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Chapter 11: Nutrition Counseling for Health Promotion
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30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following people is at greatest risk for a hip fracture secondary to osteoporosis?
A) A 66-year-old White woman
B) A 66-year-old African American woman
C) A 66-year-old White man
D) A 66-year-old African American man
Q2) A nurse is counseling a person with heart disease. Which of the following statements made by the individual would require the nurse to provide additional education?
A) "I drink skim milk on a regular basis."
B) "I try not to eat foods that have added salt on the label."
C) "I eat American cheese about once every 2 weeks."
D) "I add salt to many of the food that I eat to enhance the flavor."
Q3) A nurse is investigating an outbreak of a food-borne illness occurring at a local school. Which of the following would contribute to a chemical contamination resulting in food-borne illness?
A) Unintended allergen added to food
B) Bacteria on the countertops
C) Pesticide on the fresh fruit
D) Metal shavings in the food from a dull can opener
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Exercise
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Sample Questions
Q1) A woman is going for a 2-hour hike in the Grand Canyon and she asks the nurse how much fluid she should take along with her. Which of the following recommendations should be given by the nurse?
A) Bring at least 24 ounces of water.
B) Bring at least 72 ounces of water.
C) Bring at least 24 ounces of sports drink.
D) Bring at least 72 ounces of sports drink.
Q2) During a home visit, a nurse notes that a person with hypertension lives on the third floor of a subsidized housing project on a busy road with no sidewalks and few street lights. Which of the following would be the best recommendation for exercise for the nurse to make to the person?
A) Do not exercise because you have high blood pressure.
B) Use the stairs whenever you are entering or leaving the building.
C) Go for short walks around the block during the daytime only.
D) Purchase an exercise bike.
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Chapter 13: Stress Management
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Sample Questions
Q1) A nurse is caring for a person who has a diagnosis of "Sleep disturbance related to stress as evidenced by excessive daytime fatigue." Which of the following nursing interventions would most likely to assist this person?
A) Encourage daytime naps.
B) Encourage exercise one hour before bedtime.
C) Encourage a cool shower before bedtime.
D) Encourage a consistent sleep-wake schedule.
Q2) A nurse is explaining the relaxation response to a person. Which of the following statements would be most appropriate for the nurse to make?
A) "When the relaxation response is used, your sympathetic nervous system is activated and your pulse rate slows down."
B) "The relaxation response helps you to become more aware of your surroundings."
C) "Deep breathing is very effective in relaxing muscle groups and relieving stress."
D) "Holding your breath for 10 to 15 seconds will reduce your blood pressure and pulse rate."
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Chapter 14: Complementary and Alternative Strategies
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse is asked to explain acupuncture to a person. Which of the following statements concerning acupuncture would the nurse include in the explanation?
A) Acupuncture is accomplished by inserting very fine needles into various areas of subcutaneous tissue.
B) Acupuncture can be used to either diagnose or treat a health deviation.
C) The main focus of acupuncture is to relieve stress.
D) Moxibustion is the term used to describe a disturbed energy flow, which results in disease.
Q2) A nurse is caring for a Hispanic individual. Which question should the nurse ask the person during the assessment process?
A) "How many herbal medicines do you take?"
B) "You cannot use any herbal products in the hospital. Did you bring any?"
C) "Herbal products interact with medicine, so you cannot continue to use the herbal products. Which ones do you use?"
D) "Tell me how you treat your asthma at home. What treatments work especially well for you?"
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16
Chapter 15: Overview of Growth and Development Framework
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse is explaining the concept of growth to a parent. Which of the following statements should be made by the nurse?
A) "Growth means adding height and weight to your body."
B) "We continue to grow in various ways throughout life."
C) "How much we grow is based on gender."
D) "Growth stops when we are young adults."
Q2) Which of the following statements describes Erikson's theory of development?
A) A healthy personality is defined by the lack of pathology.
B) Stages of development advance based on psychosocial factors.
C) The main premise of the theory is that individuals are interdependent beings and rely on each other in order to develop successfully.
D) An individual must successfully accomplish the developmental stage before proceeding to the next stage.
Q3) Kohlberg's theory of moral development is based on:
A) Erikson's theory of psychosocial development
B) Piaget's theory of cognitive development
C) Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development
D) Gilligan's theory of moral development
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Chapter 16: The Prenatal Period
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Sample Questions
Q1) A nurse makes a home visit to monitor the blood pressure of a pregnant woman who is single. Which finding would be of most concern to the nurse?
A) The bedroom is located on the second floor.
B) She has a pet cat.
C) There is an area rug in the living room.
D) She has a 1-year-old child.
Q2) A nurse is discussing the harmful effects that chemical agents can have on an unborn child with a woman who is pregnant. Which of the following statements made by the woman indicates a need for further teaching?
A) "It is safe to eat up to 12 ounces of cooked fish weekly."
B) "I should avoid using caffeine during pregnancy."
C) "Consumption of one drink per day will not cause any harm to my unborn baby."
D) "Use of nicotine during pregnancy may cause my child to be born prematurely."
Q3) During which week would pregnancy begin to pose health concerns for the fetus?
A) 36 weeks
B) 38 weeks
C) 40 weeks
D) 42 weeks
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Chapter 17: Infant
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36 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse performs a home visit for a new mother and infant. The nurse observes that the infant lacks a regular feeding schedule, has diapers that are not changed promptly, and cries for long periods of time before being consoled. Which of the following problems is the infant most at risk for encountering in the future?
A) Developing enuresis as a toddler
B) Having difficulty forming relationships
C) Becoming a picky eater
D) Taking longer to toilet train
Q2) A nurse assesses that the task of development of affection for and from others has been met or is in the process of being met by an infant. Which of the following observations has the nurse made?
A) The infant smiles at mirror images.
B) The infant makes cooing noises.
C) The infant begins to smile socially.
D) The infant likes to be picked up.
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19
Chapter 18: Toddler
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Sample Questions
Q1) A toddler has been diagnosed with amblyopia. Which of the following treatment measures would most likely be prescribed for the child?
A) Using corrective lenses
B) Patching of the eye
C) Applying artificial tears to the eye
D) Allowing the passage of time
Q2) Which of the following toddlers would require further investigation from the nurse?
A) Sitting quietly on a couch
B) Experiencing a temper tantrum
C) Playing with a toy next to another child also playing with a toy
D) Exploring his environment and playing with new toys
Q3) An individual's style of emotional and behavioral response across situations, especially those involving change or stress, is known as:
A) ritual.
B) temperament.
C) coping.
D) autonomy.
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Chapter 19: Preschool Child
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Sample Questions
Q1) A nurse is working with a local daycare center to develop appropriate outdoor play activities for 5-year-old children at the center. Which of the following activities would the nurse most likely recommend?
A) Having the children bring their bikes to the center so they can go for bike rides in the neighborhood
B) Playing hopscotch on the sidewalk in front of the daycare center
C) Taking the children swimming at the neighborhood pool
D) Playing on the outdoor preschool equipment while being supervised by daycare personnel
Q2) Which of the following behaviors by a preschooler indicates use of an effective coping mechanism? (select all that apply)
A) The preschooler walks away from the situation.
B) The preschooler blames a friend for causing the problem.
C) The preschooler states what he is upset about.
D) The preschooler has a temper tantrum.
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21
Chapter 20: School-Age Child
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Sample Questions
Q1) The school nurse has written a grant to obtain funding for a vision screening program and glasses for children in his pre-K to 6th grade elementary school. Which of the following statements should be included with the rationale for the need for funding?
A) Many preschool children are hyperopic and need glasses to prevent headaches.
B) Fewer than 10% of children entering school have had eye exams.
C) Vision screening can diagnose vision/eye problems before they become severe.
D) Approximately one in four children has a vision problem.
Q2) A school nurse is planning a series on nutrition. Which of the following factors should the nurse take into account?
A) Television commercials frequently advertise food-related products.
B) Children watch approximately two hours of television a day.
C) Each day, approximately 60% of children eat fast food.
D) A child is three times more likely to eat in a restaurant than at home.
Q3) According to the American Heart Association, at what age should blood pressure screening begin?
A) 3
B) 6
C) 9
D) 12
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Page 22
Chapter 21: Adolescent
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Sample Questions
Q1) The school nurse is working on a campaign in the school to prevent adolescent pregnancies. Which of the following interventions should the nurse implement?
A) Talk to teenagers about sex, including abstinence, contraception, and sexually transmitted diseases.
B) Tell the teenagers they should abstain from sex until they are old enough to cope with the potential consequences such as an unwanted pregnancy.
C) Encourage parents of all teenage girls to make sure their daughters start oral contraceptives early.
D) Offer all teenagers free condoms when they come in for physical exams.
Q2) Which of the following disorders is characterized by males having an extra chromosome, typically being tall and initially thin, and not developing secondary sex characteristics?
A) Gynecomastia
B) Menstruation
C) Turner syndrome
D) Klinefelter syndrome
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Chapter 22: Young Adult
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Sample Questions
Q1) A 32-year-old woman visits the occupational health nurse because of malaise. Which of the following assessment data indicates that the client may be experiencing achievement-oriented stress?
A) Sleeping 10 hours per day
B) Unintentional loss of 10 pounds in the past 3 weeks
C) Expressed fear of company layoffs
D) Calling in sick once every 2 weeks for the past month
Q2) Which of the following young adults exemplifies Kohlberg's postconventional level of moral reasoning?
A) 28-year-old person who calls in sick so as to help a friend move to a new location
B) 22-year-old man who uses marijuana on the weekends with friends
C) 30-year-old woman who volunteers at a soup kitchen one day a month
D) 35-year-old who works long hours so as to be considered for a promotion
Q3) Which of the following reflects Piaget's theory as applied to young adults?
A) Voting for a candidate based on popularity
B) Voting for a candidate based on media advertisements
C) Voting for a candidate based on support of the candidate by peers
D) Voting for a candidate based on analysis of views about various issues
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24
Chapter 23: Middle-Age Adult
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Sample Questions
Q1) A 35-year-old person asks the nurse working in a dermatology clinic what causes skin to wrinkle. Which of the following statements would be most appropriate way for the nurse to reply?
A) "There is really nothing you can do to prevent a lot of wrinkles. It is part of aging."
B) "As we age, we lose fat beneath the skin so wrinkles appear. There is nothing we can do to prevent it."
C) "Wrinkles appear for a number of reasons, including loss of fat beneath your skin and too much sun exposure."
D) "Wrinkles are caused by genetic factors."
Q2) Taking into account all of the agents that affect middle-age adults, the nurse plans a health education workshop focused on developing an individualized lifestyle change program for each participant. Which of the following actions should the nurse stress that individuals take first?
A) Limiting unprotected exposure to sun
B) Starting a smoking cessation program
C) Exercising at least three times a week
D) Scheduling a complete physical and dental exam
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Chapter 24: Older Adult
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Sample Questions
Q1) A community health nurse is working with a diverse population of older adults within the community. Based on the data from the National Health Interview Survey, which of the following assumptions should be made by the nurse when working with this diverse population?
A) White Non-Hispanic older adults tend to require more assistance with their activities of daily living.
B) Hispanic older adults tend to rate their health as poorer than other ethnic groups.
C) Older adults who tend to rate their health as fair or poor are also financially poor.
D) Older adults tend to require more assistance with activities of daily living than with meeting their routine needs.
Q2) Which of the following statements concerning urinary incontinence is correct?
A) Urge incontinence occurs when one has the urge to void but is unable.
B) Stress incontinence is associated with emotional turmoil.
C) Functional incontinence occurs is associated with environmental barriers.
D) Incontinence with high post-void residual occurs when someone laughs or sneezes.
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Chapter 25: Health Promotion in the Twenty-First Century
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following age groups is experiencing the greatest increase in suicide rates?
A) 15 to 24
B) 25 to 39
C) 40 to 59
D) 60 to 70
Q2) Which of the following statements best explains priorities related to preventative health care?
A) Global initiatives have been developed to respond to health care needs around the world.
B) Health care initiatives are focused mainly on people in developed countries because of the access to medication.
C) Health care initiatives are focused mainly on people in developing countries because of their great need.
D) Public health agencies are leaders in health care development.
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