Nursing Across the Lifespan Practice Exam
Course Introduction
Nursing Across the Lifespan explores the foundational concepts and practices of holistic nursing care for individuals at all stages of life, from infancy through old age. This course examines the unique physiological, psychological, developmental, and sociocultural factors influencing health and illness throughout the lifespan. Emphasis is placed on evidence-based assessment, planning, intervention, and evaluation of nursing care to promote optimal health outcomes for diverse populations. Through case studies and clinical scenarios, students will develop critical thinking and clinical reasoning skills to address the dynamic needs of patients and families in various healthcare settings.
Recommended Textbook
Life Span Human Development 7th Edition by Carol K. Sigelman
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17 Chapters
3465 Verified Questions
3465 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Understanding Life-Span Human Development
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189 Verified Questions
189 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) If asked to list the characteristics of a good theory, you should AVOID saying
A)speculative.
B)supported by data.
C)internally consistent.
D)falsifiable.
Answer: A
Q2) Who is using a cross-sectional research design?
A)Fred, who is assessing study habits in fifth graders in three different countries
B)Barney, who is assessing the study habits in a group of fifth graders and who will follow and assess this same group when they get to eighth and then eleventh grade
C)Wilma, who is simultaneously testing the study habits of fifth, eighth, and eleventh graders
D)Betty, who is assessing the study habits of fifth graders in the year 2003, and plans to assess eighth-graders' study habits in 2004 and eleventh graders' habits in 2005
Answer: C
Q3) In an experiment, the researcher manipulates the _____ variable.
Answer: independent
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Chapter 2: Theories of Human Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) In comparison to Freud, Erikson placed greater emphasis on A)infantile sexuality.
B)social influences..
C)operant conditioning principles.
D)biological determinants of behavior.
Answer: B
Q2) What is vicarious reinforcement?
A)When a person's behavior changes based on consequences received directly
B)When a person's behavior changes based on consequences that happen to an observed model
C)When a person's behavior changes based on the influence of a collective unconscious D)When a person's behavior changes based on the effect of inborn, unfolding genetic factors
Answer: B
Q3) Piaget suggested that individuals in the _____ operations stage of development are able to effectively think about abstract concepts and can formulate sophisticated hypothesizes.
Answer: formal
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4
Chapter 3: Genes, Environment, and Development
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199 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) While Click and Clack are brothers and look somewhat alike, they have only about 50 percent of their genes in common. This would mean that Click and Clack are most likely
A)identical twins.
B)conjoined twins.
C)fraternal twins.
D)adopted.
Answer: C
Q2) _____disease appears to have developed as a mutation that helped protect people from malaria.
Answer: Sickle-cell
Q3) Species heredity is very important to our understanding of individual differences in human growth and development.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) An individual who has the ability to transmit a recessive trait to his children but who does not actually express the trait, is called a _____.
Answer: carrier
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Chapter 4: Prenatal Development and Birth
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Sample Questions
Q1) An infant born with AIDS will always have a compromised _____ system.
A)immune
B)respiratory
C)cardiovascular
D)central nervous
Q2) The lining of the _____ originates as tissue called the chorion.
A)amnion
B)placenta
C)blastula
D)zygote
Q3) Maternal smoking appears to increase the risk of an infant experiencing sudden infant death syndrome.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The germinal stage of development occurs from the third to the eighth week after conception.
A)True
B)False
Q5) A baby who emerges from mom butt first is classified as being in a _____ position.
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Chapter 5: Health and Physical Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss the development of basic motor and locomotion skills during infancy and childhood.
Q2) At birth, the average brain weighs about _____ percent of its adult weight.
A)10
B)25
C)35
D)50
Q3) Melissa is 15 years old. All of her friends have become notably "adolescent" in appearance. They have pubic hair and underarm hair and have experienced the "adolescent growth spurt." Melissa has no pubic or underarm hair, and still looks much more like a young girl than an adolescent. The most likely culprit for Melissa's plight is a malfunction of the
A)central nervous system.
B)ovaries.
C)testes .
D)thyroid.
Q4) Rocking and swaying are examples of rhythmic stereotypies.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The _____ gland is referred to as the "master gland" of the body.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Sensation, Perception, and Attention
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which is the most common visual condition for a person over age 70?
A)Glaucoma
B)Legally blind in one eye
C)The need for corrective lens
D)Cataracts
Q2) Research findings from Murphy (1985) suggests that the ability of older individuals to identify food is most negatively impacted by
A)losses in the ability to taste and smell.
B)losses in the ability to taste and cognitive declines impacting memory.
C)losses in the ability to smell and cognitive declines impacting memory.
D)losses in the ability to see and cognitive declines impacting memory.
Q3) Recent research has indicated that infants are more likely to survive heart surgery if they receive _____ during the operation.
A)deep anesthesia that keeps them unconscious
B)moderate levels of anesthesia that keeps them semiconscious
C)light levels of anesthesia that keeps them almost conscious
D)no anesthesia so that they are completely conscious
Q4) How do researchers use habituation, evoked potentials, and preferential looking to study infant perception?
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Chapter 7: Cognition
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Sample Questions
Q1) Piaget was most interested in determining
A)which genes drive development.
B)social interactions with adults could be shown to determine cognitive development in children.
C)the most effective way to test for a child's IQ.
D)how children think.
Q2) Which symbolic behavior did Piaget's daughter Lucienne appear to use that assisted her in thinking about who to reach a chain in a box?
A)She opened and closed her mouth
B)She drew a picture of a refrigerator with food inside C)She said, "chain out box"
D)She put a piece of cereal in her hand, enclosed it into a fist, and used her other hand to take out the "hidden" pieced of cereal
Q3) Piaget hypothesized that an infant's first schemas for interacting with the environment always begin with
A)cross-modal reactions.
B)conservation.
C)reflexes.
D)trial-and-error accommodations.
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Memory and Information Processing
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205 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Semantic memories are for
A)specific events.
B)general facts.
C)early childhood experiences.
D)how to perform an action.
Q2) As a typical 80-year-old Irvine would have the greatest number of autobiographical memories from his
A)early childhood.
B)teens and 20s.
C)30s and 40s.
D)50s and 60s.
Q3) Which statement concerning individuals with mild cognitive impairment is FALSE?
A)They will be forgetful
B)They will have difficulty learning
C)They will show all the symptoms of dementia
D)They will display deficits in other cognitive areas
Q4) The process of getting information into the memory system is called _____.
Q5) The memory strategy of _____ involves repeating items that you are trying to learn and remember.
Q6) What factors contribute to expertise in adulthood?
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Intelligence and Creativity
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209 Verified Questions
209 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A culture fair test is best defined as one that
A)completely eliminates cultural bias from testing.
B)can be administered to children from more than one culture.
C)includes questions that are equally familiar or unfamiliar to children from all cultures.
D)includes questions about all cultures.
Q2) Research on aging and creativity has shown that older individuals are _____ than younger adults.
A)less original and less productive with creative ideas
B)as original and less productive with creative ideas
C)original but more productive with creative ideas
D)as productive but less original with creative ideas
Q3) Gardner's theory of intelligence
A)links distinct types of intelligence to specific areas of the brain.
B)suggests that all types of intelligence have the same developmental course.
C)argues that the concept of "g" can be used to explain savant behavior.
D)is heavily reliant on the use of traditional IQ tests to assess intelligence.
Q4) To what extent are IQ scores stable during childhood? What factors influence whether IQ scores stay the same or change?
Q5) The Bayley Scales of Infant Development test generates a _____ quotient score.
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Chapter 10: Language and Education
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Sample Questions
Q1) Reserving the use of the word "puppy" to refer only to the dog at home and not other dogs is an example of A)babbling.
B)functional grammar.
C)underextension.
D)overextension.
Q2) During the partial alphabetic phase of reading, children first are able to read a word that they have previously memorized.
A)True
B)False
Q3) How are mastery orientation, the helpless orientation, mastery/learning goals, and performance goals related?
Q4) The earlier one is exposed to a language (including sign language), the faster and more effectively it tends to be learned.
A)True
B)False
Q5) _____ is defined as the ability to use printed information to function in society, achieve goals, and develop one's potential.
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Chapter 11: Self and Personality
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208 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which word can be used as a mnemonic cue for recalling the Big Five traits that is based on the first letter in each trait?
A)OCEAN
B)HOMES
C)LINKS
D)PSYCH
Q2) Hoffman is planning to enter the family's plastics business as soon as he graduates from high school. His parents have a job for him in their shop, and they expect that Hoffman will eventually run the business. Hoffman has never questioned this career goal. According to Erikson, Hoffman's identity status is best described as
A)identity diffusion.
B)identity achievement.
C)moratorium status.
D)identity foreclosure.
Q3) The main developmental trend in vocational choice during the adolescent years involves decreasing realism.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In what way might one's culture and ethnic identity impact self-concept?
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Chapter 12: Gender Roles and Sexuality
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Sample Questions
Q1) A social learning theorist would use the concept of _____ to explain how a child watching her mother engage in feminine activities would directly lead the child to acquire a feminine gender identity.
A)observational learning
B)androgyny shift
C)differential reinforcement
D)agency
Q2) Girls who are born with masculinized genitalia due to exposure to excess levels of androgens are technically referred to as _____ females.
Q3) What effect does the establishment of a firm sense of gender identity tend to have on children?
A)They develop more rigid rules concerning appropriate "boy" and "girl" behavior.
B)They develop more flexible rules concerning appropriate "boy" and "girl" behavior.
C)They abandon all rules concerning appropriate "boy" and "girl" behavior.
D)They initially identify rules concerning appropriate "boy" and "girl" behavior.
Q4) The initial awareness that you are a boy or a girl is defined as gender _____.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Social Cognition and Moral Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Who is experiencing an empathic response?
A)Lily, who is depressed because she lost her job
B)Daisy, who feels bad that she did not give money to a street person
C)Rose, who cries as she watches a news documentary featuring a very distraught mother talking about a son she lost to AIDS
D)Fern, who is excited about going on her first date
Q2) Describe Piaget's view of moral development.
Q3) According to researcher Elliot Turiel, "moral rules"
A)focus on the welfare and basic rights for all individuals.
B)cannot be violated.
C)are situation specific.
D)cannot be defined.
Q4) What did Kohlberg's research reveal about the moral thinking of five-year-olds?
A)It demonstrated that they were amoral.
B)It demonstrated that they were premoral.
C)It demonstrated that they were conventional thinkers.
D)Nothing, as Kohlberg never studied young children.
Q5) Two key aspects of _____ psychology concern understanding that people's desires guide their behavior and that two people can hold different beliefs.
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Chapter 14: Attachment and Social Relationships
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207 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When commenting on a rejected child, peers would be most likely to say,
A)"no comment."
B)"he's okay most of the time."
C)"I hate that kid."
D)"I don't even know who you are talking about."
Q2) Internal working models
A)are formed during a critical period when an infant first sees a moving object.
B)are constructed through early interactions with caregivers and influence future social relationships.
C)depend largely on the broad cultural context in which they are formed.
D)develop during the first few hours and days following birth.
Q3) In which type of attachment does a child use a caregiver as a base, becomes somewhat upset when separated from the caregiver, and is fairly outgoing with a stranger if the caregiver is present?
A)Secure
B)Disorganized-disoriented
C)Resistant
D)Avoidant
Q4) Most infants are classified as having a _____ attachment to their caregiver.
Q5) Describe Sternberg's triangular theory of love.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: The Family
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Sample Questions
Q1) How is marital satisfaction typically associated with the entry of the first child into a family and the exit of the last child from the family?
A)Both events are characterized by a slight increase in marital satisfaction.
B)The entry is characterized by a slight increase and the launching with a slight decrease in marital satisfaction.
C)The entry is characterized by a slight decrease and the launching with a slight increase in marital satisfaction.
D)Both events are characterized by a slight decrease in marital satisfaction.
Q2) A romantically involved couple that lives together, but is not married, is said to be engaged in _____.
Q3) Good parenting by the noncustodial parent can positively influence a child's adjustment to divorce.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Homosexual couples are likely to have more egalitarian relationships than heterosexual couples.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: Developmental Psychopathology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Internalizing problems are
A)actions that violate social expectations.
B)particularly disruptive to people who come in contact with the child.
C)easier to directly observe than externalizing disorders.
D)more prevalent among girls than boys.
Q2) Research using the diathesis-stress model indicates that
A)genes cannot predispose some people to depression but can influence the extent to which an individual experiences stressful life events.
B)genes predispose some people to depression but cannot influence the extent to which an individual experiences stressful life events.
C)genes predispose some people to depression and influence the extent to which an individual experiences stressful life events.
D)genes cannot predispose people to depression nor influence their experiences to stressful life events.
Q3) Deviant social development, deviant language and communicative skills, and repetitive, stereotyped behavior were Kanner's diagnostic criteria for _____.
Q4) How does the diathesis-stress model account for psychopathology?
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Chapter 17: The Final Challenge: Death and Dying
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the United States, who would be least likely to experience disenfranchised grief?
A)A female whose ex-husband just died
B)A gay male whose partner just died
C)A teenager male whose girlfriend was killer by a drunk driver
D)A women who just miscarried her fetus
Q2) In order to effectively alter the maximum lifespan in rats and primates, researchers have used dietary restrictions of about _____ below normal caloric intake.
A)5-10%
B)10-20%
C)20-30%
D)30-40%
Q3) Kübler-Ross viewed the _____ stage of development as characterized by a feeling that, "the pain is gone," "the struggle is over," and "a time of rest before the journey."
A)bargaining
B)isolation
C)acceptance
D)depression
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