Nursing Across the Lifespan Exam Practice Tests
Course Introduction
Nursing Across the Lifespan is a comprehensive course that explores the principles and practices of nursing care for individuals at every stage of life, from infancy through old age. The course emphasizes the physiological, psychological, developmental, and sociocultural factors that influence health and illness across different age groups. Students will learn to assess patient needs, implement evidence-based interventions, and promote health and wellness in diverse populations. A focus is placed on understanding age-specific considerations, family dynamics, and the impact of chronic and acute conditions, preparing students to provide holistic, patient-centered care throughout the continuum of life.
Recommended Textbook
Life Span Development 16th Edition by John W Santrock
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20 Chapters
2881 Verified Questions
2881 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction
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158 Verified Questions
158 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____ means the capacity for change.
A)Elasticity
B)Plasticity
C)Contextuality
D)Tenacity
Answer: B
Q2) In Lorenz's view,imprinting needs to take place at a certain,very early time in the life of the animal,or else it will not take place.This period of time is called the:
A)receptive period.
B)sensitive period.
C)critical period.
D)bonding period.
Answer: C
Q3) Behavioral and social cognitive theories emphasize:
A)unconscious motives.
B)discontinuity in behavior.
C)continuity in development.
D)that development occurs in stage-like fashion.
Answer: C
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Biological Beginnings
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153 Verified Questions
153 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a gene-linked abnormality?
A)Down syndrome
B)Phenylketonuria (PKU)
C)Turner syndrome
D)Klinefelter syndrome
Answer: B
Q2) What are gametes?
A)Zygotes
B)Embryos
C)Fertilized eggs
D)Eggs and sperm
Answer: D
Q3) Erin is 90 years old.She has relatively good health,and is fully mobile.Most of Erin's blood relatives live to a ripe,old age.Which of the following genes might be responsible for this?
A)Susceptibility genes
B)Longevity genes
C)Vulnerability genes
D)Mutated genes
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Prenatal Development and Birth
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160 Verified Questions
160 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is FALSE about the complications of Rh incompatibility?
A)If the fetus' blood is Rh-positive and the mother's is Rh-negative,the mother's immune system may produce antibodies that will attack the fetus.
B)Babies affected by Rh incompatibility can be given blood transfusions before or right after birth.
C)With each subsequent pregnancy,the risk of complications for an Rh-positive baby of an Rh-negative mother is reduced.
D)The risks associated with Rh incompatibility are miscarriage,anemia,jaundice,heart defects,brain damage,or death soon after birth.
Answer: C
Q2) Identify the formation of a close connection,especially a physical bond,between parents and their newborn in the period shortly after birth.
Answer: Bonding
Q3) Identify the inner layer of cells that develops during the germinal period.These cells later develop into the embryo.
Answer: Blastocyst
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Chapter 4: Physical Development in Infancy
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161 Verified Questions
161 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Of the following infants,who is most at risk for SIDS?
A)Mimi; her mother smokes
B)Grace; she was born weighing more than most babies
C)Megumi; she uses a pacifier when she goes to sleep
D)Sylvia; she sleeps in firm bedding
Q2) Baby Kendra,who is six days old,is presented with two breast pads.One comes from her mother,and the other has not been used.Which one will Kendra probably prefer?
A)Kendra will probably not show any preference.
B)Kendra will prefer her mother's breast pad.
C)Kendra will prefer the clean breast pad.
D)Whether she shows a preference depends on whether she has been fed recently or not.
Q3) When you see an airplane flying away from you,it appears to get smaller.However,you know that it stays the same size.The difference between your sensation and your perception of the plane illustrates the concept of:
A)perceptual constancy.
B)sensory confusion.
C)sensory consistency.
D)perceptual disparity.
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Cognitive Development in Infancy
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156 Verified Questions
156 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the current version of the Gesell test and Bayley Scales of Infant Development,the subscores obtained from the four and five different categories of Gesell test and Bayley Scales of Infant Development respectively are combined into an overall score that determines the infants':
A)intelligence quotient (IQ).
B)intelligence inventory score (IIS).
C)developmental quotient (DQ).
D)early intelligence assessment (EIA).
Q2) Heather is shown a teddy bear.The teddy bear is then hidden from her,and she searches for it.This shows that Heather has developed a sense of _____.
A)symbolic manipulation
B)infinite generativity
C)telegraphic thinking
D)object permanence
Q3) Piaget divided the sensorimotor stage of development into _____ substages.
A)two
B)three
C)five
D)six
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Chapter 6: Socioemotional Development in Infancy
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157 Verified Questions
157 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain how the quality and quantity of child care affect children?
Q2) Name the ethological psychiatrist who believes that both infants and their primary caregivers are biologically predisposed to form attachments.
Q3) Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding separation protests?
A)The percentage of infants who engaged in separation protest varied across cultures.
B)Infants reached a peak of protest at about the same age across cultures.
C)It is initially displayed by infants at approximately 10 to 12 months.
D)It peaks at about 15 months among U.S.infants.
Q4) Recent studies find that a disorganized attachment style developed in infancy only when infants had the short version of the serotonin transporter gene-5-HTTLPR.This gene-environment interaction only occurred when:
A)the infants' other-consciousness is poorly developed in the first six months after birth.
B)mothers showed a low level of responsiveness toward their infants.
C)maternal nutrition was deficient during the prenatal period.
D)the infants were temperamentally inclined toward negative affectivity.
Q5) What are the recommended parenting strategies for different children's temperaments?
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
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154 Verified Questions
154 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Vygotsky believed that children construct knowledge through:
A)self-discovery.
B)social interaction.
C)reorganization of existing knowledge.
D)transforming previous knowledge.
Q2) ________________ refers to an umbrella-like concept that consists of a number of higher level processes connected to the prefrontal cortex that play a role in managing thoughts to engage in goal-directed behavior and self-control.
A)Executive attention
B)Executive function
C)Prefrontal control
D)Prefrontal inhibition
Q3) The second substage of preoperational thought,occurring between approximately four and seven years of age,is characterized by the use of:
A)reversible mental actions.
B)egocentric views.
C)primitive reasoning.
D)symbolic thought.
Q4) Describe two reasons for developmental changes in memory span.
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Chapter 8: Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood
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166 Verified Questions
166 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following fuels gender typing?
A)Gender schema
B)Gender identity
C)Gender bias
D)Gender mismatch
Q2) _____ parents interact with their children in a less rejecting manner,use more scaffolding and praise,and are more nurturant than are emotion-dismissing parents.
A)Emotion-dismissing
B)Emotion-facilitator
C)Emotion-coaching
D)Emotion-encouraging
Q3) According to Erik Erikson,the psychosocial stage that characterizes early childhood is:
A)initiative versus guilt.
B)autonomy versus shame and doubt.
C)industry versus inferiority.
D)trust versus mistrust.
Q4) Define self-conscious emotions and provide two examples.What are the two criteria necessary for children to experience self-conscious emotions?
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Chapter 9: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle and Late Childhood
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149 Verified Questions
149 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A child with an IQ of _____ or higher is considered to be gifted.
A)90
B)100
C)120
D)130
Q2) At some point during the early elementary school years,children begin to use _____ more and,according to the fuzzy trace theory,this contributes to the improved memory and reasoning of older children.
A)verbatim traces
B)elaboration
C)verbal traces
D)gist
Q3) When no evidence of organic brain damage can be found,cases are labeled _____ intellectual disability.Individuals with this type of disability have IQs between 55 and 70.
A)pseudo-social
B)moderate
C)cultural-familial
D)severe
Q4) What are the barriers to creating culture-fair tests?
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Chapter 10: Socioemotional Development in Middle and Late Childhood
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145 Verified Questions
145 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is the MOST frequent type of bullying among girls?
A)Subject of sexual comments or gestures
B)Hit,slapped,or pushed
C)Belittled about religion or race
D)Subject of rumors
Q2) Erik Erikson's fourth stage of development,appearing during middle and late childhood,is called:
A)industry versus inferiority.
B)trust versus mistrust.
C)integrity versus despair.
D)autonomy versus shame and doubt.
Q3) Cassandra is both assertive and nurturant.She could be described as:
A)feminine.
B)masculine.
C)aggressive.
D)androgynous.
Q4) Identify the psychosocial theorist who proposed that there are eight stages of human development.The fourth stage,industry versus inferiority,appears during middle and late childhood.
Q5) Distinguish between self-esteem and self-concept.
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Chapter 11: Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence
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144 Verified Questions
144 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Adolescents in the Family Matters program reported:
A)no change in alcohol and cigarette use at three months,but a marked decline at one year.
B)lower alcohol and cigarette use at three months,but the positive effect seemed to wear off about one year after the program had been completed.
C)no change in alcohol use,but a marked decrease in cigarette smoking.
D)lower alcohol and cigarette use at three months and at one year after the program had been completed.
Q2) Which of the following describes the federal government's exercise recommendations?
A)A minimum of 15 minutes of mild exercise per day.
B)A maximum of 30 minutes of moderate to vigorous exercise per day.
C)A minimum of 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous exercise per day.
D)A maximum of 15 minutes of mild exercise per day.
Q3) In contrast to Piaget's views,the development of formal operational thinking:
A)does not occur during adolescence.
B)is promoted by education in the logic of science and mathematics.
C)is unaffected by the influence of culture and education.
D)is commonly seen among all American adults.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Socioemotional Development in Adolescence
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138 Verified Questions
138 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the term for a ceremony or ritual that marks an individual's transition from one status to another?
Q2) Is there any gender difference in the incidence of adolescent depression? What accounts for this gender difference?
Q3) Which status of identity would be most closely linked to an authoritarian style of parenting?
Q4) A consensus is developing that the key changes in identity are more likely to take place between _____ years of age.
A)18 and 25
B)15 and 17
C)12 and 15
D)9 and 12
Q5) Identity _____ is James Marcia's term for the status of adolescents who are in the midst of a crisis,and whose commitment levels are either absent or only vaguely defined.
A)confusion
B)stagnation
C)diffusion
D)moratorium
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Chapter 13: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early
Adulthood
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143 Verified Questions
143 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Identify the coercive sexual activity that is directed at someone with whom the perpetrator is at least casually acquainted.
Q2) Which of the following is a trend in the U.S.workforce?
A)Decrease in number of individuals who work at a series of jobs
B)Disappearance of short-term career paths for adults
C)Appearance of long-term careers for an increasing number of individuals
D)Disappearance of long-term career for an increasing number of adults
Q3) What are the sexual patterns and desires of women when compared with men?
Q4) Identify the disorder that involves long-term,repeated,uncontrolled,compulsive,and excessive use of alcoholic beverages that impairs the drinker's health and social relationships.
Q5) In non-industrialized countries,marriage- the marker for entry into adulthoodusually occurs _____ the marriage in the United States.
A)much earlier than B)much later than C)around the same time as D)immediately after
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Q6) According to research conducted by Wu and others in 2009,what is the best strategy to lose weight?
Chapter 14: Socioemotional Development in Early
Adulthood
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145 Verified Questions
145 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A recent survey of more than 3,000 adults revealed that premarital education was linked to all of the following EXCEPT:
A)lower level of marital satisfaction.
B)higher level of commitment to a spouse.
C)lower level of destructive marital conflict.
D)lower likelihood of divorce.
Q2) Julie describes how she feels about Mark: "I'm very physically attracted to him,but we aren't what you would call emotionally close.I love being with him,but I don't know that this will be a long-lasting relationship." According to Robert Sternberg's triangular theory of love,which type of love is Julie experiencing?
A)Affectionate love
B)Infatuation
C)Consummate
D)Companionate love
Q3) Identify the theorists who studied attachment styles in young adults and developed an assessment tool to measure attachment style.
Q4) Which theorist has been studying married couples' lives since the 1970s and has found that seven main principles determine whether a marriage will work?
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle
Adulthood
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144 Verified Questions
144 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Drawing on beliefs,values,and goals to change the meaning of a stressful situation is known as:
A)self-efficacy.
B)problem-focused coping.
C)meaning-making coping.
D)proactive coping.
Q2) HDL is often referred to as _____ cholesterol.
A)"good"
B)"simple"
C)"bad"
D)"compound"
Q3) Distinguish between crystallized intelligence and fluid intelligence with examples.Explain how they change in middle adulthood.
Q4) Which of the following is one of the outcomes of the restructuring,downsizing,and outsourcing resulting from globalization?
A)Offering incentives to middle-aged employees to retire early
B)Encouraging middle-aged professionals to take up entrepreneurship
C)Offering incentives to young professionals to outperform middle-aged employees
D)Hiring more middle-aged professionals to supervisory and managerial positions
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Chapter 16: Socioemotional Development in Middle
Adulthood
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142 Verified Questions
142 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the researchers in the Mills College Study,rather than being in a midlife crisis,identify what the women were experiencing.
Q2) Children who leave college and return to live home with their parents are on the cusp of:
A)young adulthood.
B)adolescence.
C)middle adulthood.
D)midlife.
Q3) Identify the theorists that studied adult personality by examining stability and change in the Big Five factors of personality.
Q4) According to Levinson,by age 40,a man has:
A)reached a stable point in his career.
B)just started to determine his goals.
C)just formed a dream about his future.
D)come to grips with the conflict of being attached to others versus being separated from them.
Q5) Identify the theorist who conducted the "Grant Study" and suggested that only a minority of adults experience a midlife crisis.
Page 18
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Chapter 17: Physical Development in Late Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which disease of the eye is characterized by damage to the optic nerve because of the pressure created by a buildup of fluid in the eye?
Q2) Exercise can reduce the risk of all of the following conditions EXCEPT:
A)type I diabetes.
B)stroke.
C)osteoporosis.
D)breast cancer.
Q3) A recent study of 70- to 75-year-olds revealed that a higher body mass index (BMI)was associated with all-cause mortality risk,with the greatest risk occurring for death due to:
A)kidney disease.
B)cardiovascular disease.
C)cancer.
D)liver disease.
Q4) What is the term for the process of generation of new neurons?
Q5) In late adulthood:
A)both men and women get shorter.
B)men get shorter,but women do not get shorter.
C)women get shorter,but men do not get shorter.
D)only individuals with osteoporosis,men or women,get shorter.
Page 19
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Chapter 18: Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood
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36 Verified Questions
36 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a drug used to treat Alzheimer disease?
A)Ritalin
B)L-dopa
C)ACE inhibitors
D)Cholinesterase inhibitors
Q2) Discuss three types of attention.
Q3) What are the important factors influencing depression in older adults?
Q4) One study reported by Gillum and others revealed that religious attendance at least weekly compared with never was linked to a:
A)higher risk of mortality.
B)lower risk of mortality.
C)lower risk of Alzheimer disease.
D)higher risk of depression.
Q5) Identify the type of memory that helps in retention of information without conscious recollection,involving skills and routine procedures that are automatically performed.
Q6) Describe the status of semantic memory as individuals age.
Q7) What is Denise Park and Patricia Reuter-Lorenz's view on the aging brain and cognition?
Q8) What are some of the noncognitive factors that affect memory?
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Chapter 19: Socioemotional Development in Late Adulthood
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144 Verified Questions
144 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The majority of older adults living alone are widowed,encompassing _____ times as many women as men.
A)two
B)three
C)four
D)five
Q2) Which of the following is the positive resolution of the psychological conflict of basic trust vs.mistrust?
A)Hope
B)Purpose
C)Competence
D)Will
Q3) Which of the following theories explains why older adults spend most of their time with familiar individuals and family?
A)Activity theory
B)Socioemotional selectivity theory
C)Social discontinuity theory
D)Disengagement theory
Q4) What is the socioemotional selectivity theory?
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Chapter 20: Death, Dying, and Grieving
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139 Verified Questions
139 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an example of active euthanasia?
A)Injecting a lethal dose of a drug
B)Turning off a respirator
C)Removing a heart-lung machine
D)Stopping antibiotics
Q2) A "good death" involves all of the following EXCEPT:
A)acceptance.
B)support from loved ones.
C)religious or community death rites.
D)appropriate medical care.
Q3) Which of the following can be the most useful benefit of denying one's imminent death?
A)Denial allows the person to fully address the issue of death.
B)Denial helps shield family members from negative feelings.
C)Denial encourages the person to further develop his or her understanding of what will happen after death.
D)Denial can help to insulate the dying person from coping with intense feelings of anger.
Q4) Define hospice and explain its focus.
Q5) Discuss "good death."
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